Meñli I Giray (Crimean Tatar: I Meñli Geray, ۱منكلى كراى) (1445–1515), also spelled as Mengli I Giray, was a khan of the Crimean Khanate (1466, 1469–1475, 1478–1515) and the sixth son of Hacı I Giray.[1]
It took Mengli twelve years to establish himself as khan. When Haji Girai died power went to his eldest son Nur Devlet. Mengli revolted. He was supported by the Crimean nobility while Nur Devlet was supported by the Great Horde. In 1467 Mengli occupied the capital of Kyrk-Er (Chufut-Kale) but was soon driven out by Nur Devlet and fled to the Genoese at Kaffa. In June 1468 a delegation of nobles elected him khan at Kaffa. He, the nobles and a Genoese detachment marched on the capital. After six months Nur Devlet was expelled and fled to the North Caucasus, but was captured and imprisoned in the Genoese fortress at Sudak.
Second reign 1469–1475
He made an anti-Turkish alliance with Principality of Theodoro. In the summer of 1469 a Turkish fleet burned some villages near Kaffa. From late 1473 Eminek made himself head of the Shirin clan which held the eastern peninsula of Crimea. He became the second most powerful man in the country and was often hostile to Mengli.
In March 1475 the nobles replaced Mengli with his elder brother Hayder of Crimea. Mengli fled to Kaffa. In May 1475 a large Turkish fleet arrived at Kaffa seeking to subordinate the Genoese. They took Kaffa and other Genoese forts and the Principality of Theodoro. Mengli, who had supported the Genoese, was captured and taken to Constantinople. Nur Devlet was released from prison and restored as a Turkish vassal. Nur Devlet's third reign (1475–78) was unsuccessful. In the winter of 1477–78 Crimea was briefly conquered by Janibeg, a nephew of Akhmed Khan of the Great Horde. Eminek wrote to the sultan asking that Mengli be restored. In the spring of 1478 Mengli was released and arrived at Crimea with a Turkish fleet and Turkish soldiers. He was joined by Eminek's troops, Nur Devlet was driven out and Mengli became khan as a Turkish vassal.
Third reign (1478–1515)
He made a great contribution to the development of Crimean Tatar statehood. He founded the fortress of Özü.[2]
In 1480, Meñli entered into a treaty of alliance with Ivan III, Grand Duke of Muscovy. The alliance was directed against Poland-Lithuania, the Great Horde and the Khanate of Astrakhan. This was an important factor in the Great stand on the Ugra river which led to Russian independence from the Great Horde.
In September 1482, Meñli managed to ravage Kiev, in which Ivan Chodkiewicz and his family were taken hostage.[3] From 1489 to 1500, Crimean Tatars repeatedly devastated Podolia and Volyn.
In 1502, Meñli defeated the last khan of the Golden Horde and took control over its capital, Saray. He proclaimed himself Khagan (Emperor), claiming legitimacy as the successor of the Golden Horde's authority over the Tatar khaganates in the Caspian-Volga region.
Meñli was buried in the Dürbe (or türbe) of Salaçıq in Bakhchysarai. In that city, he commissioned Zıncırlı Medrese (medrese with chains) in Salaçıq (1500), Dürbe in Salaçıq (1501), and "Demir Qapı" (Iron Gate) portal in the Bakhchisaray Palace (by Aloisio Novi) (1503).
Meñli often depended on troops from the Crimea's numerous Italian trading cities, and Genoese mercenaries formed a significant part of his army.
Meñli was a father of Mehmed I Giray and Sahib I Giray.[4] One of his wives were Nur Sultan, who are one of only three women known to have played a political role in the Crimean Khanate.[5]
Wives
Meñli's wives were:
Nur Sultan, daughter of Prince Timur ibn Mansur, bey of the Manghits;[6]
Zayan Sultan, probably a daughter of Giray Seyid, a Sayyid;[6]
Fetih Giray, married to Djalal Sultana, daughter of Musake ibn Hadjike, bey of Manghits;[6]
Mehmed I Giray, married to a daughter of Hasan ibn Timur of Manghits;[6]
Saadet I Giray, probably married to a daughter of Shaman of Manghits in 1526;[6]
Ahmed Giray, married to a daughter of Barash, brother of Devletek, head of Shirin clan;[6]
Daughters
Meñli's daughters were:
A daughter, married to Tinish bin Yankuvat of Manghits;[6]
Makhdum Shah, married to head of Shirin clan, Devletek bin Eminek;[6]
A daughter, married to Suleyman, bey of Kungrats in 1492 or 1493;[6]
Meñli I Giray was once thought to be the maternal grandfather of Suleiman the Magnificent through his putative daughter Hafsa Sultan, but this has been disproved.[7][8]
References
^The Crimea: Its Ancient and Modern History: the Khans, the Sultans, and the czars by Thomas Milner.
^René Grousset, L’Empire des steppes, Attila, Gengis-Khan, Tamerlan, Payot, Paris
^V. P. Gulevich (2013). "«Київська трагедія» 1482 р.: міфи й факти" ["Kyiv Tragedy" 1482: myths and facts] (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Ukrainian Historical Journal.
^Anthony Stokvis, Manuel d'histoire, de généalogie et de chronologie de tous les États du globe, depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à nos jours
^Królikowska-Jedlińska, Natalia (????-????). Law and Division of Power in the Crimean Khanate (1532-1774) : With Special Reference to the Reign of Murad Giray (1678-1683)
^ abcdefghijIlya V. Zaytsev, The Structure of the Giray Dynasty (15th-16th centuries): Matrimonial and Kinship Relations of the Crimean Khans in Elena Vladimirovna Boĭkova, R. B. Rybakov (ed.), Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Moscow 10–15 July 2005, p.341-2
^Alan Fisher (1993). "The Life and Family of Suleyman I". In İnalcık, Halil; Kafadar, Cemal (eds.). Süleymân The Second [i.e. the First] and his time. Isis Press. That she was a Tatar, a daughter of the Crimean Khan Mengli Giray, was a story apparently begun by Jovius, repeated by other western sources, and taken up by Merriman in his biography of Suleyman
meñli, giray, crimean, tatar, meñli, geray, ۱منكلى, كراى, 1445, 1515, also, spelled, mengli, giray, khan, crimean, khanate, 1466, 1469, 1475, 1478, 1515, sixth, hacı, giray, khan, tatar, crimean, khanate, reign, reign1467predecessornur, devletsuccessornur, dev. Menli I Giray Crimean Tatar I Menli Geray ۱منكلى كراى 1445 1515 also spelled as Mengli I Giray was a khan of the Crimean Khanate 1466 1469 1475 1478 1515 and the sixth son of Haci I Giray 1 Menli I GirayKhan of the Tatar Crimean Khanate 1st reign Reign1467PredecessorNur DevletSuccessorNur DevletKhan of the Tatar Crimean Khanate 2nd reign Reign1469 1475PredecessorNur DevletSuccessorHayder GirayKhan of the Tatar Crimean Khanate 3rd reign Reign1478 1515PredecessorNur DevletSuccessorMehmed I GirayBorn1445Died17 April 1515BurialBakhchisaraySpouseNur SultanZayan SultanIssueMehmed I Giray Saadet I Giray Sahib I Giray Mubarek Giray Ahmed Giray Mahmud Giray Fetih Giray Burnash Giray Ayse Hatun Makhdum ShahDynastyGiray dynastyReligionIslam Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Struggle for power 1466 1478 1 2 Second reign 1469 1475 1 3 Third reign 1478 1515 2 Family 3 ReferencesBiography Edit Crimea at the time of Mengli Girai Struggle for power 1466 1478 Edit It took Mengli twelve years to establish himself as khan When Haji Girai died power went to his eldest son Nur Devlet Mengli revolted He was supported by the Crimean nobility while Nur Devlet was supported by the Great Horde In 1467 Mengli occupied the capital of Kyrk Er Chufut Kale but was soon driven out by Nur Devlet and fled to the Genoese at Kaffa In June 1468 a delegation of nobles elected him khan at Kaffa He the nobles and a Genoese detachment marched on the capital After six months Nur Devlet was expelled and fled to the North Caucasus but was captured and imprisoned in the Genoese fortress at Sudak Second reign 1469 1475 Edit He made an anti Turkish alliance with Principality of Theodoro In the summer of 1469 a Turkish fleet burned some villages near Kaffa From late 1473 Eminek made himself head of the Shirin clan which held the eastern peninsula of Crimea He became the second most powerful man in the country and was often hostile to Mengli In March 1475 the nobles replaced Mengli with his elder brother Hayder of Crimea Mengli fled to Kaffa In May 1475 a large Turkish fleet arrived at Kaffa seeking to subordinate the Genoese They took Kaffa and other Genoese forts and the Principality of Theodoro Mengli who had supported the Genoese was captured and taken to Constantinople Nur Devlet was released from prison and restored as a Turkish vassal Nur Devlet s third reign 1475 78 was unsuccessful In the winter of 1477 78 Crimea was briefly conquered by Janibeg a nephew of Akhmed Khan of the Great Horde Eminek wrote to the sultan asking that Mengli be restored In the spring of 1478 Mengli was released and arrived at Crimea with a Turkish fleet and Turkish soldiers He was joined by Eminek s troops Nur Devlet was driven out and Mengli became khan as a Turkish vassal Third reign 1478 1515 Edit He made a great contribution to the development of Crimean Tatar statehood He founded the fortress of Ozu 2 In 1480 Menli entered into a treaty of alliance with Ivan III Grand Duke of Muscovy The alliance was directed against Poland Lithuania the Great Horde and the Khanate of Astrakhan This was an important factor in the Great stand on the Ugra river which led to Russian independence from the Great Horde In September 1482 Menli managed to ravage Kiev in which Ivan Chodkiewicz and his family were taken hostage 3 From 1489 to 1500 Crimean Tatars repeatedly devastated Podolia and Volyn In 1502 Menli defeated the last khan of the Golden Horde and took control over its capital Saray He proclaimed himself Khagan Emperor claiming legitimacy as the successor of the Golden Horde s authority over the Tatar khaganates in the Caspian Volga region Menli was buried in the Durbe or turbe of Salaciq in Bakhchysarai In that city he commissioned Zincirli Medrese medrese with chains in Salaciq 1500 Durbe in Salaciq 1501 and Demir Qapi Iron Gate portal in the Bakhchisaray Palace by Aloisio Novi 1503 Menli often depended on troops from the Crimea s numerous Italian trading cities and Genoese mercenaries formed a significant part of his army For his raids on Lithuania see Crimean Nogai Raids for 1480 1511 Family EditMenli was a father of Mehmed I Giray and Sahib I Giray 4 One of his wives were Nur Sultan who are one of only three women known to have played a political role in the Crimean Khanate 5 WivesMenli s wives were Nur Sultan daughter of Prince Timur ibn Mansur bey of the Manghits 6 Zayan Sultan probably a daughter of Giray Seyid a Sayyid 6 A daughter of Yadigar bey of Sedjiuts 6 SonsMenli s sons were Fetih Giray married to Djalal Sultana daughter of Musake ibn Hadjike bey of Manghits 6 Mehmed I Giray married to a daughter of Hasan ibn Timur of Manghits 6 Saadet I Giray probably married to a daughter of Shaman of Manghits in 1526 6 Ahmed Giray married to a daughter of Barash brother of Devletek head of Shirin clan 6 DaughtersMenli s daughters were A daughter married to Tinish bin Yankuvat of Manghits 6 Makhdum Shah married to head of Shirin clan Devletek bin Eminek 6 A daughter married to Suleyman bey of Kungrats in 1492 or 1493 6 Menli I Giray was once thought to be the maternal grandfather of Suleiman the Magnificent through his putative daughter Hafsa Sultan but this has been disproved 7 8 References Edit The Crimea Its Ancient and Modern History the Khans the Sultans and the czars by Thomas Milner Rene Grousset L Empire des steppes Attila Gengis Khan Tamerlan Payot Paris V P Gulevich 2013 Kiyivska tragediya 1482 r mifi j fakti Kyiv Tragedy 1482 myths and facts PDF in Ukrainian Ukrainian Historical Journal Anthony Stokvis Manuel d histoire de genealogie et de chronologie de tous les Etats du globe depuis les temps les plus recules jusqu a nos jours Krolikowska Jedlinska Natalia Law and Division of Power in the Crimean Khanate 1532 1774 With Special Reference to the Reign of Murad Giray 1678 1683 a b c d e f g h i j Ilya V Zaytsev The Structure of the Giray Dynasty 15th 16th centuries Matrimonial and Kinship Relations of the Crimean Khans in Elena Vladimirovna Boĭkova R B Rybakov ed Kinship in the Altaic World Proceedings of the 48th Permanent International Altaistic Conference Moscow 10 15 July 2005 p 341 2 Alan Fisher 1993 The Life and Family of Suleyman I In Inalcik Halil Kafadar Cemal eds Suleyman The Second i e the First and his time Isis Press That she was a Tatar a daughter of the Crimean Khan Mengli Giray was a story apparently begun by Jovius repeated by other western sources and taken up by Merriman in his biography of Suleyman Encyclopedia of Islam vol IX 1997 s v Suleyman p 833 Preceded byNur Devlet Khan of Crimea1467 Succeeded byNur DevletPreceded byNur Devlet Khan of Crimea1469 1475 Succeeded byNur DevletPreceded byNur Devlet Khan of Crimea1478 1515 Succeeded byMehmed I Giray Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Menli I Giray amp oldid 1079503563, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
