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Metodi Shatorov

January 07, 2023

Metodi Tasev Shatorov - Sharlo (Bulgarian: Методи Шаторов - Шарло; Macedonian: Методиja Шаторов - Шарло) (January 10, 1897, Prilep, Manastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire – September 12, 1944 near Velingrad, Bulgaria) was a Bulgarian Communist Party activist and also temporary leader of the Regional Committee of Communists in Macedonia in 1940-1941. As most left-wing politicians from Macedonia, during the 1930s he adopted the Balkan Communist Federation's concept for an independent Macedonia[1] and recognition of a distinct Macedonian national identity.[2] However, Macedonian communist functionaries, originating from the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) and Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (United) (IMRO (United)) never lost their strong pro-Bulgarian (Bulgarophile) sentiments.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

Metodi Shatorov (1939) official document

Biography

Shatorov graduated from the local Bulgarian Exarchate's junior school in Prilep and afterwards from the Bulgarian men's high school in Bitola.[9] He also attended a pedagogic school in Skopje in 1914-1915. In 1918 the Bulgarian Army withdrew from Vardar Macedonia and Serbia annexed the area. He immediately emigrated to Bulgaria, where he became a member of the BCP in 1920. Furthermore, Sharlo was arrested for his participation in the September Uprising in 1923. In 1925 he became also a member of the IMRO (United) - de facto a BCP creation. As a significant party worker, he grew as a functionary of the Comintern and a member of the BCP Central Committee. He was imprisoned several times and emigrated to the Soviet Union for political reasons. During the Spanish Civil War Sharlo went to Paris as a coordinator of BCP. During World War II the Comintern sent him back to Vardar Macedonia (being then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia under the name 'Vardarska Banovina') to serve as a Secretary of the Macedonian Regional Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party (YCP) since 1940. After the Bulgarian takeover of Vardarska Banovina in April 1941, the Vardar Macedonian communists fell in the sphere of influence of the BCP under Sharlo's leadership.[10] The Macedonian Regional Committee refused to remain in contact with the YCP and linked up with BCP as soon as the invasion of Yugoslavia started.[11] Sharlo refused to distribute the proclamation of the YCP which called for military action against the Bulgarians.[12] He also became prominent with his anti-Serbian political views. The local committee of the YCP claimed that the Bulgarian army liberated the local population from the oppressive and despised Serbian bondage. Shatorov, a dedicated anti-fascist, was credited with the slogan "One people, one country, one party", by which he approved the Bulgarian invasion.[13] For him not the Bulgarians, but the Serbs were the occupiers of Vardar Macedonia.[14]

While the Bulgarian communists avoided organising mass armed uprising against the Bulgarian authorities in Vardar Macedonia, the Yugoslav communists insisted on an armed revolt. Upon the decision of the Comintern and Joseph Stalin himself the Macedonian communists were reattached to CPY. Sharlo's leadership was terminated, but the vestiges of his policy among part of the communist activists were preserved. Despite his expulsion, the new executive bodies of the Macedonian Regional Committees continued to share Shatorov's ideas until 1943.[15] This policy changed since 1943 with the arrival of the Tito's envoy Montenegrin Serb Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo. He began in earnest to organise armed resistance to the Bulgarian rule and sharply criticized Sharlo's pro-Bulgarian policy.[16]

Consequently, for his actions Sharlo was expelled from the YCP and in the late 1941 he moved again to Sofia, where he began working as one of the Bulgarian resistance movement leaders (under the nickname 'Panayot'). He was among the most active organizers of the rescue of the Bulgarian Jews.

Sharlo was heavily wounded and disappeared under unknown circumstances on September 5, 1944 in a battle between partisans and gendarmerie on Milevi skali in the Rhodope mountains. As Shatorov was previously sentenced to death by a Tito's tribunal, there are serious indications that he was killed by Josip Broz Tito's agents (allegedly in agreement with the International Department of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union's Communist Party) as a politically inconvenient leader.[17] This happened only several days before the Communist coup d'état of September, 9 (backed by the Red Army) installed a new government of the Fatherland Front. As per the autopsy report, he died after September, 11, i.e. several days after the old regime's end, and until then he was not discovered neither by his comrades nor by the new authorities.

Shatorov's supporters in Vardar Macedonia, called Sharlisti, were systematically exterminated by the YCP since the autumn of 1944, and heavily repressed for their anti-Yugoslav and pro-Bulgarian political positions. After the breakup of Yugoslavia and the fall of Communism he was partially rehabilitated in the Republic of Macedonia only in 2005.

Gallery

Footnotes

  1. ^ "Дневник", Македония: Капитален труд за Методи Шаторов - Шарло. 06 декември 2012, Агенция "Фокус".
  2. ^ Diana Mishkova; Roumen Daskalov (2013). Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume Two. pp. 530–531. ISBN 978-9004261914.
  3. ^ Palmer, S. and R. King Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian Question, Archon Books (June 1971), p. 137.
  4. ^ Conflict and chaos in Eastern Europeр, Dennis P. Hupchick, Palgrave Macmillan, 1995, ISBN 0-312-12116-4, р. 153.
  5. ^ Вера Ацева го тврди следното: "Прво, другари, ако се чита писмото на Методија Шаторов-Шарло, напишано по распуштањето на Покраинскиот комитет и неговото сменување од секретар на ПК на КПЈ на Македонија ќе се види дека тој во душата е Бугарин. Целото негово дејствување преку летото 1941 година, како секретар на ПК, беше подредено на тоа Македонија да биде составен дел на Бугарија. Јас лично го познавам, сум работела со него, сум била член на ПК, па според тоа, можам повеќе и да судам".(види: "Дискусија на Вера Ацева, Скопје во НОВ, 1941", Скопје, 1973, стр. 379)
  6. ^ Jосип Броз Тито тврди следното:" Драги другари, постапката на "Стариот Бугарин" кој што беше одговорен за нашата работа во Македонија с епокажа не само антипартиска но и контарреволуционерна. Тој го саботираше издавањето на прогласот на ЦК на ЈКП и зазеде националистичка позиција. Тој ги прекина сите врски со ЦК на ЈКП после окупацијата и не се јави на поканата да дојде со известието на ЦК. Тој завзеде непријателска позиција спрема другарите Срби, завзеде позиција која со ништо не се разлкува од позицијата на македонската реакционна буржоазија.
  7. ^ Bulgaria during the Second World War, Marshall Lee Miller, Stanford University Press, 1975,ISBN 0-8047-0870-3, pp. 130-131.
  8. ^ Utre zhivotŭt shte bŭde nash: spomeni, Vladimir Tanov, Partizdat, 1980, p. 132
  9. ^ Воин Трайков Божинов, Българската просвета в Македония и Одринска Тракия 1878-1913, Българска Академия на Науките, 1982, стр. 219.
  10. ^ Historical dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Valentina Georgieva, Sasha Konechni, Scarecrow Press, 1998, ISBN 0-8108-3336-0, p. 223.
  11. ^ Who are the Macedonians?, Hugh Poulton, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1995, ISBN 1-85065-238-4, p.102
  12. ^ Bulgaria during the Second World War, Marshall Lee Miller, Stanford University Press, 1975, ISBN 0-8047-0870-3, p. 131.
  13. ^ Macedonian and Bulgarian national nihilism, Ivan Alexandrov, Macedonian Patriotic Organization "Todor Alexandroff' Australia, ISBN 0-646-14079-5, p. 22.
  14. ^ Dimitris Livanios, The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949, Oxford Historical Monographs, OUP Oxford, 2008, ISBN 0191528722, p. 120.
  15. ^ Bane Andreev of Veles, a party secretary for Macedonia, expressed this same ideology, as cited in volume 7 of the Encyclopedia Jugoslavie 1955, p. 686: "Bane Andreev thought that the Macedonian people believe in Bulgaria's role as liberator and that no Macedonian wants to fight against the Bulgarian soldiers. That the Macedonians should respond positively to the mobilization call being carried out by the Bulgarian authorities and join the army."
  16. ^ At a meeting of the partisan brigades, as well as a group of battalions in the Resen region on 21 Dec 1943, Tempo makes the following comments about Shatorov and the leadership of MCP:
    "They thought that the Macedonian people were Bulgarians and that they were oppressed by the hegemony of Great Serbia and had to be transferred to Bulgaria. Their basic slogan is: "All non-Macedonians out of Macedonia". The capital J [Serbo-Croatian spelling of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavian, etc.] was deleted from all documents. In fact they did not want Yugoslavia, no matter where it stood politically. When the war started, the initial decision of this leadership was to be separate from Yugoslavia and from Tito. They declared that Macedonia would be free as soon as the Bulgarians came...."
  17. ^ Убийството на Методи Шаторов, Илия Стефанов, ИК "Военно издателство", ISBN 954-509-332-3.

External links

  Media related to Metodi Shatorov at Wikimedia Commons

  • "Убийството на Методи Шаторов" 2007-04-24 at the Wayback Machine

January 07, 2023
metodi, shatorov, metodi, tasev, shatorov, sharlo, bulgarian, Методи, Шаторов, Шарло, macedonian, Методиja, Шаторов, Шарло, january, 1897, prilep, manastir, vilayet, ottoman, empire, september, 1944, near, velingrad, bulgaria, bulgarian, communist, party, acti. Metodi Tasev Shatorov Sharlo Bulgarian Metodi Shatorov Sharlo Macedonian Metodija Shatorov Sharlo January 10 1897 Prilep Manastir Vilayet Ottoman Empire September 12 1944 near Velingrad Bulgaria was a Bulgarian Communist Party activist and also temporary leader of the Regional Committee of Communists in Macedonia in 1940 1941 As most left wing politicians from Macedonia during the 1930s he adopted the Balkan Communist Federation s concept for an independent Macedonia 1 and recognition of a distinct Macedonian national identity 2 However Macedonian communist functionaries originating from the Bulgarian Communist Party BCP and Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization United IMRO United never lost their strong pro Bulgarian Bulgarophile sentiments 3 4 5 6 7 8 Metodi Shatorov 1939 official document Contents 1 Biography 2 Gallery 3 Footnotes 4 External linksBiography EditShatorov graduated from the local Bulgarian Exarchate s junior school in Prilep and afterwards from the Bulgarian men s high school in Bitola 9 He also attended a pedagogic school in Skopje in 1914 1915 In 1918 the Bulgarian Army withdrew from Vardar Macedonia and Serbia annexed the area He immediately emigrated to Bulgaria where he became a member of the BCP in 1920 Furthermore Sharlo was arrested for his participation in the September Uprising in 1923 In 1925 he became also a member of the IMRO United de facto a BCP creation As a significant party worker he grew as a functionary of the Comintern and a member of the BCP Central Committee He was imprisoned several times and emigrated to the Soviet Union for political reasons During the Spanish Civil War Sharlo went to Paris as a coordinator of BCP During World War II the Comintern sent him back to Vardar Macedonia being then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia under the name Vardarska Banovina to serve as a Secretary of the Macedonian Regional Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party YCP since 1940 After the Bulgarian takeover of Vardarska Banovina in April 1941 the Vardar Macedonian communists fell in the sphere of influence of the BCP under Sharlo s leadership 10 The Macedonian Regional Committee refused to remain in contact with the YCP and linked up with BCP as soon as the invasion of Yugoslavia started 11 Sharlo refused to distribute the proclamation of the YCP which called for military action against the Bulgarians 12 He also became prominent with his anti Serbian political views The local committee of the YCP claimed that the Bulgarian army liberated the local population from the oppressive and despised Serbian bondage Shatorov a dedicated anti fascist was credited with the slogan One people one country one party by which he approved the Bulgarian invasion 13 For him not the Bulgarians but the Serbs were the occupiers of Vardar Macedonia 14 While the Bulgarian communists avoided organising mass armed uprising against the Bulgarian authorities in Vardar Macedonia the Yugoslav communists insisted on an armed revolt Upon the decision of the Comintern and Joseph Stalin himself the Macedonian communists were reattached to CPY Sharlo s leadership was terminated but the vestiges of his policy among part of the communist activists were preserved Despite his expulsion the new executive bodies of the Macedonian Regional Committees continued to share Shatorov s ideas until 1943 15 This policy changed since 1943 with the arrival of the Tito s envoy Montenegrin Serb Svetozar Vukmanovic Tempo He began in earnest to organise armed resistance to the Bulgarian rule and sharply criticized Sharlo s pro Bulgarian policy 16 Consequently for his actions Sharlo was expelled from the YCP and in the late 1941 he moved again to Sofia where he began working as one of the Bulgarian resistance movement leaders under the nickname Panayot He was among the most active organizers of the rescue of the Bulgarian Jews Sharlo was heavily wounded and disappeared under unknown circumstances on September 5 1944 in a battle between partisans and gendarmerie on Milevi skali in the Rhodope mountains As Shatorov was previously sentenced to death by a Tito s tribunal there are serious indications that he was killed by Josip Broz Tito s agents allegedly in agreement with the International Department of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union s Communist Party as a politically inconvenient leader 17 This happened only several days before the Communist coup d etat of September 9 backed by the Red Army installed a new government of the Fatherland Front As per the autopsy report he died after September 11 i e several days after the old regime s end and until then he was not discovered neither by his comrades nor by the new authorities Shatorov s supporters in Vardar Macedonia called Sharlisti were systematically exterminated by the YCP since the autumn of 1944 and heavily repressed for their anti Yugoslav and pro Bulgarian political positions After the breakup of Yugoslavia and the fall of Communism he was partially rehabilitated in the Republic of Macedonia only in 2005 Gallery Edit Monument of Metodi Shatorov in Bratsigovo Bulgaria Shatorov s Yugoslav paperFootnotes Edit Dnevnik Makedoniya Kapitalen trud za Metodi Shatorov Sharlo 06 dekemvri 2012 Agenciya Fokus Diana Mishkova Roumen Daskalov 2013 Entangled Histories of the Balkans Volume Two pp 530 531 ISBN 978 9004261914 Palmer S and R King Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian Question Archon Books June 1971 p 137 Conflict and chaos in Eastern Europer Dennis P Hupchick Palgrave Macmillan 1995 ISBN 0 312 12116 4 r 153 Vera Aceva go tvrdi slednoto Prvo drugari ako se chita pismoto na Metodiјa Shatorov Sharlo napishano po raspushtaњeto na Pokrainskiot komitet i negovoto smenuvaњe od sekretar na PK na KPЈ na Makedoniјa ќe se vidi deka toј vo dushata e Bugarin Celoto negovo deјstvuvaњe preku letoto 1941 godina kako sekretar na PK beshe podredeno na toa Makedoniјa da bide sostaven del na Bugariјa Јas lichno go poznavam sum rabotela so nego sum bila chlen na PK pa spored toa mozham poveќe i da sudam vidi Diskusiјa na Vera Aceva Skopјe vo NOV 1941 Skopјe 1973 str 379 Josip Broz Tito tvrdi slednoto Dragi drugari postapkata na Stariot Bugarin koј shto beshe odgovoren za nashata rabota vo Makedoniјa s epokazha ne samo antipartiska no i kontarrevolucionerna Toј go sabotirashe izdavaњeto na proglasot na CK na ЈKP i zazede nacionalistichka poziciјa Toј gi prekina site vrski so CK na ЈKP posle okupaciјata i ne se јavi na pokanata da doјde so izvestieto na CK Toј zavzede nepriјatelska poziciјa sprema drugarite Srbi zavzede poziciјa koјa so nishto ne se razlkuva od poziciјata na makedonskata reakcionna burzhoaziјa Bulgaria during the Second World War Marshall Lee Miller Stanford University Press 1975 ISBN 0 8047 0870 3 pp 130 131 Utre zhivotŭt shte bŭde nash spomeni Vladimir Tanov Partizdat 1980 p 132 Voin Trajkov Bozhinov Blgarskata prosveta v Makedoniya i Odrinska Trakiya 1878 1913 Blgarska Akademiya na Naukite 1982 str 219 Historical dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia Valentina Georgieva Sasha Konechni Scarecrow Press 1998 ISBN 0 8108 3336 0 p 223 Who are the Macedonians Hugh Poulton C Hurst amp Co Publishers 1995 ISBN 1 85065 238 4 p 102 Bulgaria during the Second World War Marshall Lee Miller Stanford University Press 1975 ISBN 0 8047 0870 3 p 131 Macedonian and Bulgarian national nihilism Ivan Alexandrov Macedonian Patriotic Organization Todor Alexandroff Australia ISBN 0 646 14079 5 p 22 Dimitris Livanios The Macedonian Question Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939 1949 Oxford Historical Monographs OUP Oxford 2008 ISBN 0191528722 p 120 Bane Andreev of Veles a party secretary for Macedonia expressed this same ideology as cited in volume 7 of the Encyclopedia Jugoslavie 1955 p 686 Bane Andreev thought that the Macedonian people believe in Bulgaria s role as liberator and that no Macedonian wants to fight against the Bulgarian soldiers That the Macedonians should respond positively to the mobilization call being carried out by the Bulgarian authorities and join the army At a meeting of the partisan brigades as well as a group of battalions in the Resen region on 21 Dec 1943 Tempo makes the following comments about Shatorov and the leadership of MCP They thought that the Macedonian people were Bulgarians and that they were oppressed by the hegemony of Great Serbia and had to be transferred to Bulgaria Their basic slogan is All non Macedonians out of Macedonia The capital J Serbo Croatian spelling of Yugoslavia Yugoslavian etc was deleted from all documents In fact they did not want Yugoslavia no matter where it stood politically When the war started the initial decision of this leadership was to be separate from Yugoslavia and from Tito They declared that Macedonia would be free as soon as the Bulgarians came Ubijstvoto na Metodi Shatorov Iliya Stefanov IK Voenno izdatelstvo ISBN 954 509 332 3 External links Edit Media related to Metodi Shatorov at Wikimedia Commons Za tebe govori prikaznata Eftim Gashev Sharloviziјa Stefan Aleksovski Koјa e vistinata za Sharlo Kokan Stoјchev Bravarot od Kumrovec naredil a Kolishevski od Kraguevac јa izvrshil zadachata smena na Sharlo Vladimir Јovanovski Sharlo akrobatot i Lazo mladozhenecot Od chii kurshumi zagina Shatorov Ubijstvoto na Metodi Shatorov Archived 2007 04 24 at the Wayback Machine Nacionalnoto delo na Metodi Shatorov Sharlo Vliyanieto na deloto na Shatorov Metodi Shatorov Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Metodi Shatorov amp oldid 1124027282, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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