Ghiyath al-Dīn Me’sud ibn Kaykaus or Mesud II (Old Anatolian Turkish: مَسعود دوم, Ghiyāth ad-Dīn Mas'ūd bin Kaykāwūs (Persian: غياث الدين مسعود بن كيكاوس) bore the title of Sultan of Rûm at various times between 1284 and 1308. He was a vassal of the Mongols under Mahmud Ghazan and exercised no real authority. History does not record his ultimate fate. He was the last of the Seljuks.
Dissolution of the Seljuk Sultanate into Turkish Beyliks and other states around Anatolia, c. 1300.
Masud II was the eldest son of Kaykaus II. He spent part of his youth as an exile in the Crimea and lived for a time in Constantinople, then the capital of the Byzantine Empire. He appears first in Anatolia in 1280 as a pretender to the throne. In 1284 the new Ilkhan Sultan Ahmed deposed and executed the Seljuq sultan Kaykhusraw III and installed Masud in his place.[2] Ahmad's successor, Arghun, divided the Seljuq lands and granted Konya and the western half of the kingdom to the deposed sultan's two young sons. Masud invaded with a small force, had the two boys killed, and established himself in the city in 1286.[3]
He led several campaigns against the emerging Turkmen principalities, the Beyliks, always on behalf of the Mongols and usually with Mongol troops. Notable among these is the expedition beginning late in 1286 against the Germiyanids. The Germiyanids were a warlike band of Turkmen ancestry, settled by the Seljuqs a generation before in southwestern Anatolia to keep the more unruly Turkmen nomads in check. Masud conducted the campaign under the tutelage of the vizier and elder statesman, Fakhr al-Din Ali. Though there were a few successes on the battlefield, the highly mobile Germiyanids remained a significant force in the region. Masud and his Mongol allies conducted similarly futile expeditions against the Karamanids, Eshrefids and Ottomans.[4]
In 1297 in an atmosphere characterized by intrigue and near constant revolt against the distant Ilkhan authority, both on the part of Mongol officers and local Turkmen potentates, the hapless Masud was implicated in a plot against the Ilkhanate. He was pardoned but deprived of his throne and confined in Tabriz.[5] He was replaced with Kayqubad III who soon became involved in a similar plot and was executed by Mahmud Ghazan. The impoverished Masud returned to the throne in 1303.[6]
From about 1306 Masud, and the Seljuq Sultanate with him, disappears from the historical record.[6] Although, latest findings in 2015 propose his grave has been identified in Samsun.[7]
According to Rustam Shukurov, Masud II "had dual Christian and Muslim identity, an identity which was further complicated by dual Turkic/Persian and Greek ethnic identity".[8]
^Claude Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey: a general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history, trans. J. Jones-Williams (New York: Taplinger, 1968), p. 294
Peacock, A.C.S.; Yildiz, Sara Nur, eds. (2013). The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East. I.B.Tauris. ISBN978-0857733467.
Kesık, Muharrem (2004). "MESUD II - An article published in Turkish Encyclopedia of Islam". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (in Turkish). Vol. 29 (Mekteb - Misir Mevlevihanesi). Ankara. pp. 342–344. ISBN978-9753894159.
External links
Prof. Dr. Mehmet Eti. . Archived from the original on 2008-02-01.
mesud, ghiyath, dīn, kaykaus, anatolian, turkish, سعود, دوم, ghiyāth, dīn, kaykāwūs, persian, غياث, الدين, مسعود, بن, كيكاوس, bore, title, sultan, rûm, various, times, between, 1284, 1308, vassal, mongols, under, mahmud, ghazan, exercised, real, authority, his. Ghiyath al Din Me sud ibn Kaykaus or Mesud II Old Anatolian Turkish م سعود دوم Ghiyath ad Din Mas ud bin Kaykawus Persian غياث الدين مسعود بن كيكاوس bore the title of Sultan of Rum at various times between 1284 and 1308 He was a vassal of the Mongols under Mahmud Ghazan and exercised no real authority History does not record his ultimate fate He was the last of the Seljuks Mesud IISultan of RumReign1284 1296PredecessorKaykhusraw IIISuccessorKayqubad IIISultan of Rum Second reign Reign1303 1308 1 PredecessorKayqubad IIISuccessorOffice abolished Mahmut as bey of Karaman Died1308IssueGhiyath ad Din Mesud IIINamesGhiyath ad Din Mas ud bin KaykawusDynastySeljuqFatherKaykaus IIReligionIslam Contents 1 Reign 2 References 3 Sources 4 External linksReign Edit Dissolution of the Seljuk Sultanate into Turkish Beyliks and other states around Anatolia c 1300 Masud II was the eldest son of Kaykaus II He spent part of his youth as an exile in the Crimea and lived for a time in Constantinople then the capital of the Byzantine Empire He appears first in Anatolia in 1280 as a pretender to the throne In 1284 the new Ilkhan Sultan Ahmed deposed and executed the Seljuq sultan Kaykhusraw III and installed Masud in his place 2 Ahmad s successor Arghun divided the Seljuq lands and granted Konya and the western half of the kingdom to the deposed sultan s two young sons Masud invaded with a small force had the two boys killed and established himself in the city in 1286 3 He led several campaigns against the emerging Turkmen principalities the Beyliks always on behalf of the Mongols and usually with Mongol troops Notable among these is the expedition beginning late in 1286 against the Germiyanids The Germiyanids were a warlike band of Turkmen ancestry settled by the Seljuqs a generation before in southwestern Anatolia to keep the more unruly Turkmen nomads in check Masud conducted the campaign under the tutelage of the vizier and elder statesman Fakhr al Din Ali Though there were a few successes on the battlefield the highly mobile Germiyanids remained a significant force in the region Masud and his Mongol allies conducted similarly futile expeditions against the Karamanids Eshrefids and Ottomans 4 In 1297 in an atmosphere characterized by intrigue and near constant revolt against the distant Ilkhan authority both on the part of Mongol officers and local Turkmen potentates the hapless Masud was implicated in a plot against the Ilkhanate He was pardoned but deprived of his throne and confined in Tabriz 5 He was replaced with Kayqubad III who soon became involved in a similar plot and was executed by Mahmud Ghazan The impoverished Masud returned to the throne in 1303 6 From about 1306 Masud and the Seljuq Sultanate with him disappears from the historical record 6 Although latest findings in 2015 propose his grave has been identified in Samsun 7 According to Rustam Shukurov Masud II had dual Christian and Muslim identity an identity which was further complicated by dual Turkic Persian and Greek ethnic identity 8 References Edit Sumer Faruk 2009 ANADOLU SELCUKLULARI PDF Vol 36 Istanbul TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi pp 380 384 ISBN 978 9 7538 9566 8 Claude Cahen Pre Ottoman Turkey a general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history trans J Jones Williams New York Taplinger 1968 p 294 Cahen Pre Ottoman Turkey p 295 Cahen Pre Ottoman Turkey pp 296f Cahen Pre Ottoman Turkey p 300 a b Cahen Pre Ottoman Turkey p 301 Son Selcuklu Sultani 2 Mesut un Mezari Samsun da Graveyard of the Last Saljuk Sultan Mesud II is in Samsun Ihlas News Agency in Turkish iha com tr 27 May 2015 Archived from the original on 19 October 2015 Retrieved 27 May 2015 Peacock amp Yildiz 2013 p 133 Sources EditPeacock A C S Yildiz Sara Nur eds 2013 The Seljuks of Anatolia Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East I B Tauris ISBN 978 0857733467 Kesik Muharrem 2004 MESUD II An article published in Turkish Encyclopedia of Islam TDV Encyclopedia of Islam in Turkish Vol 29 Mekteb Misir Mevlevihanesi Ankara pp 342 344 ISBN 978 9753894159 External links EditProf Dr Mehmet Eti Examples of coinage in Masud s name Seljuk numismatics Archived from the original on 2008 02 01 Preceded byKaykhusraw III Sultan of Rum1282 1296 Succeeded byKayqubad IIIPreceded byKayqubad III Sultan of Rum1303 1308 Succeeded byOffice abolished Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mesud II amp oldid 1131726211, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
