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Mentalism

May 07, 2023

This article is about the performing art. For other uses, see Mentalism (disambiguation).
"Mentalist" redirects here. For the TV series, see The Mentalist. For other uses, see Mentalist (disambiguation).

Mentalism is a performing art in which its practitioners, known as mentalists, appear to demonstrate highly developed mental or intuitive abilities. Performances may appear to include hypnosis, telepathy, clairvoyance, divination, precognition, psychokinesis, mediumship, mind control, memory feats, deduction, and rapid mathematics. Mentalists perform a theatrical act that includes special effects that may appear to employ psychic or supernatural forces but that are actually achieved by "ordinary conjuring means",[1] natural human abilities (i.e. reading body language, refined intuition, subliminal communication, emotional intelligence), and an in-depth understanding of key principles from human psychology or other behavioral sciences.[2][3][4]

Theatrical poster for a mind-reading performance, 1900

Mentalism is commonly classified as a subcategory of magic and, when performed by a stage magician, may also be referred to as mental magic. However, many professional mentalists today may generally distinguish themselves from magicians, insisting that their art form leverages a distinct skillset.[5] Instead of doing "magic tricks", mentalists argue that they produce psychological experiences for the mind and imagination, and expand reality with explorations of psychology, suggestion, and influence.[6] Mentalists are also often considered psychic entertainers,[6][7][8] although that category also contains non-mentalist performers such as psychic readers and bizarrists.

Some well-known magicians, such as Penn & Teller, and James Randi, argue that a key differentiation between a mentalist and someone who purports to be an actual psychic is that the former is open about being a skilled artist or entertainer who accomplishes their feats through practice, study, and natural means, while the latter may claim to actually possess genuine supernatural, psychic, or extrasensory powers and, thus, operates unethically.[1][9][10]

Renowned mentalist Joseph Dunninger, who also worked to debunk fraudulent mediums,[11] captured this key sentiment when he explained his impressive abilities in the following way: "Any child of ten could do this – with forty years of experience."[5] Like any performing art, mentalism requires years of dedication, extensive study, practice, and skill to perform well and perfect.

Background

Much of what modern mentalists perform in their acts can be traced back directly to "tests" of supernatural power that were carried out by mediums, spiritualists, and psychics in the 19th century.[12] However, the history of mentalism goes back even further. Accounts of seers and oracles can be found in the Old Testament[13] of the Bible and in works about ancient Greece.[14] The mentalist act generally cited as one of the earliest on record in the modern era was performed by diplomat and pioneering sleight-of-hand magician Girolamo Scotto in 1572.[5] The performance of mentalism may utilize conjuring principles including sleights, feints, misdirection, and other skills of street or stage magic.[15] Nonetheless, modern mentalists also now increasingly incorporate insights from human psychology and behavioral sciences to produce unexplainable experiences and effects for their audiences.

Performance approaches

Styles of mentalist presentation can vary greatly. In this vein, Penn & Teller explain that "[m]entalism is a genre of magic that exists across a spectrum of morality."[9] In the past, at times, some performers such Alexander[16] and Uri Geller[17][18][19] have promoted themselves as genuine psychics. Other famous mentalists, such as Joseph Dunninger and Michael Gutenplan, have claimed that their skills were human, but the result of extensive practice and study.[5] The style of Theodore Annemann has been described as "that of an ordinary person, with extraordinary powers."[20]

Some contemporary performers, such as Derren Brown, attribute their results and effects to natural skills, including the ability to master magic techniques and showmanship, read body language, and influence audiences with psychological principles, such as suggestion.[3] In this vein, Brown explains that he presents and stages "psychological experiments" through his performances.[21] Mentalist and psychic entertainer Banachek also rejects that he possesses any supernatural or actual psychic powers,[22] having worked with the James Randi Educational Foundation for many years to investigate and debunk fake psychics.[23] Thus, he is also clear with the public that the effects and experiences he creates through his stage performance are the result of his highly developed performance skills and magic techniques, combined with psychological principles and tactics.[22][24]

Max Maven often presents his performances as creating interactive mysteries and explorations of the mysterious dimensions of the human mind.[25] He is described as a "mentalist and master magician"[26] as well as a "mystery theorist."[27] In recent years, many other mentalists and allied performers also have begun to promote themselves as "mystery entertainers," as well.[28]

Others, including Maurice Fogel, Kreskin, Chan Canasta, and David Berglas, may make no specific claims about how effects are achieved and may leave it up to the audience to decide, creating what has been described as "a wonderful sense of ambiguity about whether they possess true psychic ability or not."[29]

Contemporary mentalists often take their shows onto the streets and perform tricks to a live, unsuspecting audience. They do this by approaching random members of the public and ask to demonstrate so-called supernatural powers. However, some performers such as Derren Brown who often adopt this method of performance tell their audience before the trick starts that everything they see is an illusion and that they are not really "having their mind read." This has been the cause of a lot of controversy in the sphere of magic as some mentalists want their audience to believe that this type of magic is "real" while others think that it is morally wrong to lie to a spectator.[30]

Mentalist or magician?

Professional mentalists generally do not mix "standard" magic tricks with their mental feats. Doing so associates mentalism too closely with the theatrical trickery employed by stage magicians. Many mentalists claim not to be magicians at all, arguing that it is a different art form altogether.[6][5] The argument is that mentalism invokes belief and imagination that, when presented properly, may allow the audience to interpret a given effect as "real" or may at least provide enough ambiguity that it is unclear whether it is actually possible to somehow achieve.[31][2][32] This lack of certainty about the limits of what is real may lead individuals in an audience to reach different conclusions and beliefs about mentalist performers' claims – be they about their various so-called psychic abilities, photographic memory, being a "human calculator", power of suggestion, NLP, or other skills. In this way, mentalism may play on the senses and a spectator's perception or understanding of reality in a different way than conjuring techniques utilized in stage magic.[33][2]

Magicians often ask the audience to suspend their disbelief, ignore natural laws, and allow their imagination to play with the various tricks they present. They admit that they are tricksters from the outset, and they know that the audience understands that everything is an illusion.[34][2] Everyone knows that the magician cannot really achieve the impossible feats shown, such as sawing a person in half and putting them back together without injury, but that level of certainty does not generally exist among the mentalist's audience.

However, some magicians do still mix mentally-themed performance with magic illusions. For example, a mind-reading stunt might also involve the magical transposition of two different objects. Such hybrid feats of magic are often called mental magic by performers. Magicians who routinely mix magic with mental magic include David Copperfield, David Blaine, The Amazing Kreskin, and Dynamo.[35] Notable mentalists who mix magic with mentalism include The Amazing Kreskin, Richard Osterlind, David Berglas, Derren Brown, and Joseph Dunninger.

Notable mentalists

Historical figures

Mentalism techniques have, on occasion, been allegedly used outside the entertainment industry to influence the actions of prominent people for personal and/or political gain. Famous examples of accused practitioners include:

In Albert Einstein's preface to Upton Sinclair's 1930 book on telepathy, Mental Radio, he supported his friend's endeavor to test the abilities of purported psychics and skeptically suggested: "So if somehow the facts here set forth rest not upon telepathy, but upon some unconscious hypnotic influence from person to person, this also would be of high psychological interest."[39] As such, Einstein here alluded to techniques of modern mentalism.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Mentalism – Encyclopedia of Claims". JREF. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  2. ^ a b c d "What's the difference between magic and mentalism?". CW Magic. 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  3. ^ a b Brown, Derren (2007). Tricks of the Mind. United Kingdom: Transworld Publishers.
  4. ^ "What is Mentalism?". Brut. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
  5. ^ a b c d e Brennan, John T. (2007). Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundres, Legends and Lore. History Press.
  6. ^ a b c Vanishing, Inc. (2021). What is Mentalism?.
  7. ^ "Psychic Entertainers Association : Application". www.p-e-a.org. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
  8. ^ "Bio". Banachek. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
  9. ^ a b Penn & Teller (2021). Arts and Entertainment: Mentalist or Crook?. MasterClass.
  10. ^ Roeper, Richard (2015-03-19). "'An Honest Liar': How the Amazing Randi debunked psychic frauds". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  11. ^ Green, Adam (26 September 2019). "How Derren Brown Remade Mind Reading for Skeptics". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  12. ^ Cassidy, Bob: "Fundamentals of Professional Mentalism". Lybrary, 2007. pp. 7–9.
  13. ^ Grant, Elihu (1923). "Oracle in the Old Testament". The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures. 39 (4): 257–281. doi:10.1086/369998. ISSN 1062-0516. JSTOR 528285. S2CID 170460547.
  14. ^ Flower, Michael Attyah (2008). The Seer in Ancient Greece (PDF). Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
  15. ^ Randi, James (1995). "An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural". St. Martin's Press. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  16. ^ "Alexander – The man who knows". ForzoniMagic. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  17. ^ . Los Angeles Times. 2020-07-27. Archived from the original on 2020-07-27. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  18. ^ AFP. "Uri Geller offers UK his 'psychic powers' in job bid". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  19. ^ Larimer, Sarah. "That time the CIA was convinced a self-proclaimed psychic had paranormal abilities". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  20. ^ "Theodore Annemenn". ForzoniMagic. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  21. ^ Derren Brown. "Mentalism, mind reading and the art of getting inside your head". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 2021-01-11 – via YouTube.
  22. ^ a b "Project Alpha". Banachek. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  23. ^ Cerrado, Derrick (2009-11-13). "Banachek – Mentalism and Skepticism | Point of Inquiry". Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  24. ^ Measom, Tyler; Weinstein, Justin (2014-11-02), An Honest Liar (Documentary, Biography, Comedy, History), James Randi, José Alvarez, Penn Jillette, Teller, Left Turn Films, Pure Mutt Productions, BBC Storyville, retrieved 2021-01-10
  25. ^ "All About Max ~ MaxMaven.com". www.maxmaven.com. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  26. ^ "Magician Max Maven's Thinking in Person Set for Off-Broadway Run | TheaterMania". www.theatermania.com. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  27. ^ "Max Maven, Mystery Theorist & Magician (EG8)". EG Conference. 2019-10-30. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  28. ^ "PSYCRETS British Society of Mystery Entertainers". PSYCRETS British Society of Mystery Entertainers. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
  29. ^ Landman, Todd. "Magic professor: magicians tap into what it means to be human". The Conversation. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  30. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-04-26. Retrieved 2015-04-12.
  31. ^ Mio (2016-03-22). "Key Differences Between Mentalism and Magic". Magic by Mio. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  32. ^ "What Is Mentalism? Telepathy or Trickery – Jon Finch". Magic for Extraordinary Events | Jon Finch. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
  33. ^ Mio (2016-03-22). "Key Differences Between Mentalism and Magic". Magic by Mio. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  34. ^ Mio (2016-03-22). "Key Differences Between Mentalism and Magic". Magic by Mio. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  35. ^ Finch, Jon (2017-03-15). "How A Mentalist Reads Minds". Magician Jon Finch. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  36. ^ Gordon, Mel: "Hanussen: Hitler's Jewish Clairvoyant". Feral House, 2001
  37. ^ George King, The Last Empress: The Life and Times of Alexandra Feodorovna, Tsarina of Russia. Replica Books, 2001. ISBN 978-0735101043
  38. ^ Hamilton-Parker, Craig (December 1, 1996). "Medium with a message". Scotland on Sunday. p. 5.
  39. ^ Halpern, Paul (2020-08-30). "Einstein and the Mentalists". Medium. Retrieved 2021-01-11.

Further reading

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mentalists.
  • H. J. Burlingame. (1891). Mind-Readers and Their Tricks. In Leaves from Conjurers' Scrap books: Or, Modern Magicians and Their Works. Chicago: Donohue, Henneberry & Co. pp. 108–127
  • Derren Brown (2007). Tricks of the Mind. Transworld Press. United Kingdom.
  • Steve Drury (2016). Beyond Knowledge. Drury. ISBN 978-1326544867
  • Max Maven (1992). Max Maven's Book of Fortunetelling. Prentice Hall General; 1st edition. ISBN 0135641217
  • William V. Rauscher. (2002). Mind Readers: Masters of Deception. Mystic Light Press.
  • Barry H. Wiley. (2012). The Thought Reader Craze: Victorian Science at the Enchanted Boundary. McFarland. ISBN 978-0786464708

May 07, 2023
mentalism, this, article, about, performing, other, uses, disambiguation, mentalist, redirects, here, series, mentalist, other, uses, mentalist, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, ad. This article is about the performing art For other uses see Mentalism disambiguation Mentalist redirects here For the TV series see The Mentalist For other uses see Mentalist disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Mentalism news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message Mentalism is a performing art in which its practitioners known as mentalists appear to demonstrate highly developed mental or intuitive abilities Performances may appear to include hypnosis telepathy clairvoyance divination precognition psychokinesis mediumship mind control memory feats deduction and rapid mathematics Mentalists perform a theatrical act that includes special effects that may appear to employ psychic or supernatural forces but that are actually achieved by ordinary conjuring means 1 natural human abilities i e reading body language refined intuition subliminal communication emotional intelligence and an in depth understanding of key principles from human psychology or other behavioral sciences 2 3 4 Theatrical poster for a mind reading performance 1900 Mentalism is commonly classified as a subcategory of magic and when performed by a stage magician may also be referred to as mental magic However many professional mentalists today may generally distinguish themselves from magicians insisting that their art form leverages a distinct skillset 5 Instead of doing magic tricks mentalists argue that they produce psychological experiences for the mind and imagination and expand reality with explorations of psychology suggestion and influence 6 Mentalists are also often considered psychic entertainers 6 7 8 although that category also contains non mentalist performers such as psychic readers and bizarrists Some well known magicians such as Penn amp Teller and James Randi argue that a key differentiation between a mentalist and someone who purports to be an actual psychic is that the former is open about being a skilled artist or entertainer who accomplishes their feats through practice study and natural means while the latter may claim to actually possess genuine supernatural psychic or extrasensory powers and thus operates unethically 1 9 10 Renowned mentalist Joseph Dunninger who also worked to debunk fraudulent mediums 11 captured this key sentiment when he explained his impressive abilities in the following way Any child of ten could do this with forty years of experience 5 Like any performing art mentalism requires years of dedication extensive study practice and skill to perform well and perfect Contents 1 Background 2 Performance approaches 3 Mentalist or magician 4 Notable mentalists 5 Historical figures 6 See also 7 References 8 Further readingBackground EditMuch of what modern mentalists perform in their acts can be traced back directly to tests of supernatural power that were carried out by mediums spiritualists and psychics in the 19th century 12 However the history of mentalism goes back even further Accounts of seers and oracles can be found in the Old Testament 13 of the Bible and in works about ancient Greece 14 The mentalist act generally cited as one of the earliest on record in the modern era was performed by diplomat and pioneering sleight of hand magician Girolamo Scotto in 1572 5 The performance of mentalism may utilize conjuring principles including sleights feints misdirection and other skills of street or stage magic 15 Nonetheless modern mentalists also now increasingly incorporate insights from human psychology and behavioral sciences to produce unexplainable experiences and effects for their audiences Performance approaches EditStyles of mentalist presentation can vary greatly In this vein Penn amp Teller explain that m entalism is a genre of magic that exists across a spectrum of morality 9 In the past at times some performers such Alexander 16 and Uri Geller 17 18 19 have promoted themselves as genuine psychics Other famous mentalists such as Joseph Dunninger and Michael Gutenplan have claimed that their skills were human but the result of extensive practice and study 5 The style of Theodore Annemann has been described as that of an ordinary person with extraordinary powers 20 Some contemporary performers such as Derren Brown attribute their results and effects to natural skills including the ability to master magic techniques and showmanship read body language and influence audiences with psychological principles such as suggestion 3 In this vein Brown explains that he presents and stages psychological experiments through his performances 21 Mentalist and psychic entertainer Banachek also rejects that he possesses any supernatural or actual psychic powers 22 having worked with the James Randi Educational Foundation for many years to investigate and debunk fake psychics 23 Thus he is also clear with the public that the effects and experiences he creates through his stage performance are the result of his highly developed performance skills and magic techniques combined with psychological principles and tactics 22 24 Max Maven often presents his performances as creating interactive mysteries and explorations of the mysterious dimensions of the human mind 25 He is described as a mentalist and master magician 26 as well as a mystery theorist 27 In recent years many other mentalists and allied performers also have begun to promote themselves as mystery entertainers as well 28 Others including Maurice Fogel Kreskin Chan Canasta and David Berglas may make no specific claims about how effects are achieved and may leave it up to the audience to decide creating what has been described as a wonderful sense of ambiguity about whether they possess true psychic ability or not 29 Contemporary mentalists often take their shows onto the streets and perform tricks to a live unsuspecting audience They do this by approaching random members of the public and ask to demonstrate so called supernatural powers However some performers such as Derren Brown who often adopt this method of performance tell their audience before the trick starts that everything they see is an illusion and that they are not really having their mind read This has been the cause of a lot of controversy in the sphere of magic as some mentalists want their audience to believe that this type of magic is real while others think that it is morally wrong to lie to a spectator 30 Mentalist or magician EditProfessional mentalists generally do not mix standard magic tricks with their mental feats Doing so associates mentalism too closely with the theatrical trickery employed by stage magicians Many mentalists claim not to be magicians at all arguing that it is a different art form altogether 6 5 The argument is that mentalism invokes belief and imagination that when presented properly may allow the audience to interpret a given effect as real or may at least provide enough ambiguity that it is unclear whether it is actually possible to somehow achieve 31 2 32 This lack of certainty about the limits of what is real may lead individuals in an audience to reach different conclusions and beliefs about mentalist performers claims be they about their various so called psychic abilities photographic memory being a human calculator power of suggestion NLP or other skills In this way mentalism may play on the senses and a spectator s perception or understanding of reality in a different way than conjuring techniques utilized in stage magic 33 2 Magicians often ask the audience to suspend their disbelief ignore natural laws and allow their imagination to play with the various tricks they present They admit that they are tricksters from the outset and they know that the audience understands that everything is an illusion 34 2 Everyone knows that the magician cannot really achieve the impossible feats shown such as sawing a person in half and putting them back together without injury but that level of certainty does not generally exist among the mentalist s audience However some magicians do still mix mentally themed performance with magic illusions For example a mind reading stunt might also involve the magical transposition of two different objects Such hybrid feats of magic are often called mental magic by performers Magicians who routinely mix magic with mental magic include David Copperfield David Blaine The Amazing Kreskin and Dynamo 35 Notable mentalists who mix magic with mentalism include The Amazing Kreskin Richard Osterlind David Berglas Derren Brown and Joseph Dunninger Notable mentalists EditAlexander Theodore Annemann Banachek Keith Barry Guy Bavli David Berglas Paul Brook Derren Brown Akshay Laxman Chan Canasta Bob Cassidy The Clairvoyants Colin Cloud Corinda Joseph Dunninger Anna Eva Fay Glenn Falkenstein Maurice Fogel Uri Geller Haim Goldenberg Michael Gutenplan Wayne Hoffman Burling Hull Al Koran The Amazing Kreskin Nina Kulagina Max Maven Gerry McCambridge Alexander J McIvor Tyndall Wolf Messing Alain Nu Marc Paul Richard Osterlind The Piddingtons Oz Pearlman Princess Mysteria Marc Salem Joshua Seth Nakul Shenoy Lior Suchard George Tait Neil Tobin Rob Zabrecky The ZancigsHistorical figures EditMentalism techniques have on occasion been allegedly used outside the entertainment industry to influence the actions of prominent people for personal and or political gain Famous examples of accused practitioners include Erik Jan Hanussen alleged to have influenced Adolf Hitler 36 Grigori Rasputin alleged to have influenced Tsaritsa Alexandra 37 Wolf Messing alleged to have influenced Joseph Stalin 38 Count Alessandro di Cagliostro accused of influencing members of the French aristocracy in the Affair of the Diamond NecklaceIn Albert Einstein s preface to Upton Sinclair s 1930 book on telepathy Mental Radio he supported his friend s endeavor to test the abilities of purported psychics and skeptically suggested So if somehow the facts here set forth rest not upon telepathy but upon some unconscious hypnotic influence from person to person this also would be of high psychological interest 39 As such Einstein here alluded to techniques of modern mentalism See also EditCold reading Memory sport Mnemonist Scientific skepticism Thirteen Steps To Mentalism The MentalistReferences Edit a b Mentalism Encyclopedia of Claims JREF Retrieved 2021 01 10 a b c d What s the difference between magic and mentalism CW Magic 2021 Retrieved January 10 2021 a b Brown Derren 2007 Tricks of the Mind United Kingdom Transworld Publishers What is Mentalism Brut Retrieved 2021 01 11 a b c d e Brennan John T 2007 Ghosts of Newport Spirits Scoundres Legends and Lore History Press a b c Vanishing Inc 2021 What is Mentalism Psychic Entertainers Association Application www p e a org Retrieved 2021 01 11 Bio Banachek Retrieved 2021 01 11 a b Penn amp Teller 2021 Arts and Entertainment Mentalist or Crook MasterClass Roeper Richard 2015 03 19 An Honest Liar How the Amazing Randi debunked psychic frauds Chicago Sun Times Retrieved 2021 01 10 Green Adam 26 September 2019 How Derren Brown Remade Mind Reading for Skeptics The New Yorker Retrieved 2021 01 10 Cassidy Bob Fundamentals of Professional Mentalism Lybrary 2007 pp 7 9 Grant Elihu 1923 Oracle in the Old Testament The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 39 4 257 281 doi 10 1086 369998 ISSN 1062 0516 JSTOR 528285 S2CID 170460547 Flower Michael Attyah 2008 The Seer in Ancient Greece PDF Berkeley and Los Angeles California University of California Press Randi James 1995 An Encyclopedia of Claims Frauds and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural St Martin s Press Retrieved 2008 03 28 Alexander The man who knows ForzoniMagic Retrieved 2021 01 10 The Psychic and the Skeptic Uri Geller and James Randi have fought each other for nearly 20 years Now they re at it again Los Angeles Times 2020 07 27 Archived from the original on 2020 07 27 Retrieved 2021 01 10 AFP Uri Geller offers UK his psychic powers in job bid www timesofisrael com Retrieved 2021 01 10 Larimer Sarah That time the CIA was convinced a self proclaimed psychic had paranormal abilities Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved 2021 01 10 Theodore Annemenn ForzoniMagic Retrieved 2021 01 10 Derren Brown Mentalism mind reading and the art of getting inside your head www youtube com Retrieved 2021 01 11 via YouTube a b Project Alpha Banachek Retrieved 2021 01 10 Cerrado Derrick 2009 11 13 Banachek Mentalism and Skepticism Point of Inquiry Retrieved 2021 01 10 Measom Tyler Weinstein Justin 2014 11 02 An Honest Liar Documentary Biography Comedy History James Randi Jose Alvarez Penn Jillette Teller Left Turn Films Pure Mutt Productions BBC Storyville retrieved 2021 01 10 All About Max MaxMaven com www maxmaven com Retrieved 2021 01 10 Magician Max Maven s Thinking in Person Set for Off Broadway Run TheaterMania www theatermania com Retrieved 2021 01 10 Max Maven Mystery Theorist amp Magician EG8 EG Conference 2019 10 30 Retrieved 2021 01 10 PSYCRETS British Society of Mystery Entertainers PSYCRETS British Society of Mystery Entertainers Retrieved 2021 01 11 Landman Todd Magic professor magicians tap into what it means to be human The Conversation Retrieved 2021 01 10 Is it wrong to work Magic Archived from the original on 2015 04 26 Retrieved 2015 04 12 Mio 2016 03 22 Key Differences Between Mentalism and Magic Magic by Mio Retrieved 2021 01 10 What Is Mentalism Telepathy or Trickery Jon Finch Magic for Extraordinary Events Jon Finch Retrieved 2021 01 11 Mio 2016 03 22 Key Differences Between Mentalism and Magic Magic by Mio Retrieved 2021 01 10 Mio 2016 03 22 Key Differences Between Mentalism and Magic Magic by Mio Retrieved 2021 01 10 Finch Jon 2017 03 15 How A Mentalist Reads Minds Magician Jon Finch Retrieved 2020 02 02 Gordon Mel Hanussen Hitler s Jewish Clairvoyant Feral House 2001 George King The Last Empress The Life and Times of Alexandra Feodorovna Tsarina of Russia Replica Books 2001 ISBN 978 0735101043 Hamilton Parker Craig December 1 1996 Medium with a message Scotland on Sunday p 5 Halpern Paul 2020 08 30 Einstein and the Mentalists Medium Retrieved 2021 01 11 Further reading Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mentalists H J Burlingame 1891 Mind Readers and Their Tricks In Leaves from Conjurers Scrap books Or Modern Magicians and Their Works Chicago Donohue Henneberry amp Co pp 108 127 Derren Brown 2007 Tricks of the Mind Transworld Press United Kingdom Steve Drury 2016 Beyond Knowledge Drury ISBN 978 1326544867 Max Maven 1992 Max Maven s Book of Fortunetelling Prentice Hall General 1st edition ISBN 0135641217 William V Rauscher 2002 Mind Readers Masters of Deception Mystic Light Press Barry H Wiley 2012 The Thought Reader Craze Victorian Science at the Enchanted Boundary McFarland ISBN 978 0786464708 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mentalism amp oldid 1151524111, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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