Melvyn Douglas
Melvyn Douglas (born Melvyn Edouard Hesselberg, April 5, 1901 – August 4, 1981) was an American actor. Douglas came to prominence in the 1930s as a suave leading man, perhaps best typified by his performance in the romantic comedy Ninotchka (1939) with Greta Garbo. Douglas later played mature and fatherly characters, as in his Academy Award-winning performances in Hud (1963) and Being There (1979) and his Academy Award–nominated performance in I Never Sang for My Father (1970). Douglas was one of 24 performers to win the Triple Crown of Acting. In the last few years of his life Douglas appeared in films with supernatural stories involving ghosts, including The Changeling in 1980 and Ghost Story in 1981, his last completed film role.
Melvyn Douglas | |
|---|---|
MGM publicity photo of Douglas, c. 1939 | |
| Born | Melvyn Edouard Hesselberg April 5, 1901 Macon, Georgia, U.S. |
| Died | August 4, 1981 (aged 80) New York City, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1927–1981 |
| Spouses | |
| Children | 3 |
| Relatives | Illeana Douglas (granddaughter) |
| Military career | |
| Service/ | United States Army |
| Rank | Major |
Early life Edit
Douglas was born in Macon, Georgia, the son of Lena Priscilla (née Shackelford) and Edouard Gregory Hesselberg, a concert pianist and composer. His father was a Jewish emigrant from Riga, Latvia, then part of the Russian Empire. His mother, a native of Tennessee, was Protestant and a Mayflower descendant.[1][2]
Douglas, in his autobiography, See You at the Movies (1987), wrote that he was unaware of his Jewish background until later in his youth: "I did not learn about the non-Christian part of my heritage until my early teens," as his parents preferred to hide his Jewish heritage. It was his aunts, on his father's side, who told him "the truth" when he was 14. He writes that he "admired them unstintingly"; and they in turn treated him like a son.[1]
Though his father, a prominent concert pianist, taught music at a succession of colleges in the U.S. and Canada, Douglas never graduated from high school. He took the surname of his maternal grandmother and became known as Melvyn Douglas.
Career Edit
Douglas developed his acting skills in Shakespearean repertory while in his teens and with stock companies in Sioux City, Iowa, Evansville, Indiana, Madison, Wisconsin and Detroit, Michigan. He served in the United States Army in World War I. He established an outdoor theatre in Chicago. He had a long theatre, film and television career as a lead player, stretching from his 1930 Broadway role in Tonight or Never (opposite his future wife, Helen Gahagan) until just before his death. Douglas shared top billing with Boris Karloff and Charles Laughton in James Whale's sardonic horror classic The Old Dark House in 1932.
He was the hero in the 1932 horror film The Vampire Bat and the sophisticated leading man in 1935's She Married Her Boss. He played opposite Joan Crawford in several films, most notably A Woman's Face (1941), and appeared opposite Greta Garbo in three films: As You Desire Me (1932), Ninotchka (1939) and Garbo's final film Two-Faced Woman (1941). One of his most sympathetic roles was as the belatedly attentive father in Captains Courageous (1937).
During World War II, Douglas served first as a director of the Arts Council in the Office of Civilian Defense, and he then again served in the United States Army rising to the rank of major in the Special Services Entertainment Production Unit.[3] According to his granddaughter Illeana Douglas, it was in Burma when he first met his future Being There co-star Peter Sellers, who was in the Royal Air Force during the war.[4] He returned to play more mature roles in The Sea of Grass and Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House. In 1959 he made his musical debut playing Captain Boyle in the ill-fated Marc Blitzstein musical Juno, based on Seán O'Casey's Juno and the Paycock.
From November 1952 to January 1953, Douglas starred in the DuMont detective show Steve Randall (Hollywood Off Beat) which then moved to CBS. In the summer of 1953, he briefly hosted the DuMont game show Blind Date. In the summer of 1959, Douglas hosted eleven original episodes of a CBS Western anthology television series called Frontier Justice, a production of Dick Powell's Four Star Television.
As he aged, Douglas took on older-man and fatherly roles, in such movies as Hud (1963), for which he won his first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, The Americanization of Emily (1964), an episode of The Fugitive (1966), I Never Sang for My Father (1970), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, and The Candidate (1972). He won his second Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the comedy-drama Being There (1979). However, Douglas confirmed in one of his final interviews that he refused to attend the 52nd Academy Awards because he could not bear competing against child actor Justin Henry for Kramer vs. Kramer.[5]
In addition to his Academy Awards, Douglas won a Tony Award for his Broadway lead role in the 1960 The Best Man by Gore Vidal, and an Emmy for his 1967 role in Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night.
Douglas' final completed screen appearance was in Ghost Story (1981). He did not finish shooting all of his scenes for the film The Hot Touch (1982) before his death; the film had to be edited to compensate for Douglas' incomplete role.
Douglas has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for movies at 6423 Hollywood Blvd. and one for television at 6601 Hollywood Blvd.
Personal life Edit
Douglas was married briefly to artist Rosalind Hightower, and they had one child, (Melvyn) Gregory Hesselberg, in 1926. Hesselberg, an artist, is the father of actress Illeana Douglas.
In 1931, Douglas married actress-turned-politician Helen Gahagan. They traveled to Europe that same year, and "were horrified by French and German anti-Semitism". As a result, they became outspoken anti-fascists.
Gahagan, as a three-term Congresswoman, was later Richard Nixon's opponent for the United States Senate seat from California in 1950.[1] Nixon accused Gahagan of being soft on Communism because of her opposition to the House Un-American Activities Committee. Nixon went so far as to infamously call her "pink right down to her underwear". It was Gahagan who popularized Nixon's epithet "Tricky Dick".[6]
The couple hired architect Roland Coate to design a home for them in 1938 on a three-acre lot they owned in Outpost Estates, Los Angeles. The result was a one-story, 6,748-square-foot home.[7]
Douglas and Gahagan had two children: Peter Gahagan Douglas (1933) and Mary Helen Douglas (1938). The couple remained married until Helen Gahagan Douglas' death in 1980 from cancer. Melvyn Douglas died a year later, in 1981, aged 80, from pneumonia and cardiac complications in New York City.
Broadway roles Edit
- A Free Soul (1928) as Ace Wilfong
- Back Here (1928) as Sergeant "Terry" O'Brien
- Now-a-Days (1929) as Boyd Butler
- Recapture (1930) as Henry C. Martin
- Tonight or Never (1931) as the Unknown Gentleman
- No More Ladies (1934) as Sheridan Warren
- Mother Lode (1934) as Carey Ried (also staged)
- De Luxe (1935) as Pat Dantry
- Tapestry In Gray (1935) as Erik Nordgren
- Two Blind Mice (1949) as Tommy Thurston
- The Bird Cage (1950) as Wally Williams
- The Little Blue Light (1951) as Frank
- Glad Tidings (1951) as Steve Whitney
- Time Out for Ginger (1952) as Howard Carol
- Inherit the Wind (1955) as Henry Drummond (replacement)
- The Waltz of the Toreadors (1958) as General St. Pé
- Juno (1959) as "Captain" Jack Boyle
- The Gang's All Here (1959) as Griffith P. Hastings
- The Best Man (1960) as William Russell
- Spofford (1967) as Spofford
Douglas also staged Moor Born (1934), Mother Lode (1934) and Within the Gates (1934-1935) and produced Call Me Mister (1946-1948).
Sources: Internet Broadway Database[8] and Playbill[9]
Filmography Edit
Source: Internet Movie Database[10]
Partial television credits Edit
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse | Richard Gordon | episodes "The Five Lives of Richard Gordon" "The Strange Christmas Dinner" |
| 1950 | Lux Video Theatre | James Strickland | episode "To Thine Own Self" |
| Pulitzer Prize Playhouse | Eugene Morgan Martin Luther Cooper | episode "The Magnificent Ambersons" "Mrs. January and Mr. Ex" | |
| 1952 | Celanese Theatre | Archduke Rudolph von Habsburg | episode "Reunion in Vienna" |
| Steve Randall | Steve Randall | 12 episodes | |
| 1955 | The Ford Television Theatre | George Manners | episode "Letters Marked Personal" |
| 1955–1956 | The Alcoa Hour | Charles Turner Jim Conway | episodes "Man on a Tiger" "Thunder in Washington" |
| 1957–1958 | The United States Steel Hour | Census Taker Dr. Victor Payson/Narrator | episodes "Second Chance" "The Hill Wife" |
| 1957–1959 | Playhouse 90 | General Parker Ansel Gibbs Stalin Howard Hoagland | episodes "Judgment at Nuremberg" "The Return of Ansel Gibbs" "The Plot to Kill Stalin" (as Stalin) "The Greer Case" |
| 1959 | Frontier Justice | Host | 11 episodes |
| 1960 | Sunday Showcase | Mark Twain | episode "Our American Heritage: Shadow of a Soldier" |
| 1963 | Ben Casey | Burton Strang | episode "Rage Against the Dying Light" |
| Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre | Pat Konke | episode "A Killing at Sundial" | |
| 1964 | A Very Close Family | Father | TV movie |
| 1965 | Inherit the Wind | Henry Drummond | TV movie Nominated - Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie |
| 1966 | The Fugitive | Mark Ryder | episode "The 2130" |
| Lamp at Midnight | Galileo Galilei | TV movie | |
| 1967 | CBS Playhouse | Peter Schermann | episode "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night" Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie |
| The Crucible | Governor Danforth | TV movie | |
| 1968 | Companions in Nightmare | Dr. Lawrence Strelson | TV movie |
| 1970 | The Choice | TV movie | |
| Hunters Are for Killing | Keller Floran | TV movie | |
| 1971 | Death Takes a Holiday | Judge Earl Chapman | TV movie |
| 1972 | Circle of Fear | Grandpa | episode "House of Evil" |
| 1973 | The Going Up of David Lev | Grandfather | TV movie |
| 1974 | The Death Squad | Police Captain Earl Kreski | TV movie |
| Murder or Mercy | Dr. Paul Harelson | TV movie | |
| 1975 | Benjamin Franklin | Benjamin Franklin | Miniseries |
| 1977 | ABC Weekend Special | Grandpa Doc | episode "Portrait of Grandpa Doc" |
Source: Internet Movie Database[10]
Radio appearances Edit
| Year | Program | Episode/source |
|---|---|---|
| 1942 | Philip Morris Playhouse | No Time for Comedy[11] |
| 1942 | Philip Morris Playhouse | Take a Letter, Darling[12] |
References Edit
- ^ a b c Nissenson, Hugh (January 18, 1987). "He Almost Made Garbo Laugh". The New York Times. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ^ . ancestry.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- ^ p.58 Zimmers, Tighe E.Lyrical Satirical Harold Rome: A Biography of the Broadway Composer-Lyricist McFarland; Illustrated edition November 1, 2013
- ^ Vigil, Delfin (15 February 2009). "Illeana Douglas inspired by Melvyn's 'Being There'". San Francisco Gate. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Burstein, Patricia (14 April 1980). "Oscar Nominee Melvyn Douglas Recalls 49 Years in Hollywood—and Reagan as a Democrat". People. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ Mitchell, Gregory (1998-01-01). "Tricky Dick and the Pink Lady: Richard Nixon vs. Helen Gahagan Douglas--Sexual Politics and the Red Scare, 1950". The New York Times. On the web. Retrieved 2019-09-04.
- ^ Appleton, Marc (2018). Master Architects of Southern California 1920-1940: Roland E. Coate. Santa Barbara, California: Tailwater Press. pp. 194–197. ISBN 9780999666418.
- ^ Melvyn Douglas at the Internet Broadway Database
- ^ "Roles List: Melvyn Douglas". Playbill.com. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- ^ a b Melvyn Douglas at IMDb
- ^ "Philip Morris Playhouse". Harrisburg Telegraph. Harrisburg Telegraph. June 12, 1942. p. 13. Retrieved August 2, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Johnny Presents". Harrisburg Telegraph. Harrisburg Telegraph. June 19, 1942. p. 21. Retrieved August 2, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
Sources Edit
- Douglas, Melvyn; Tom Arthur (1986). See You at the Movies: The Autobiography of Melvyn Douglas. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. ISBN 0-8191-5390-7.
External links Edit
- Melvyn Douglas at IMDb
- "Melvyn Douglas (1901–1981)" 2013-05-17 at the Wayback Machine at the New Georgia Encyclopedia
- at the TCM Movie Database
- Melvyn Douglas at the Internet Broadway Database
- Melvyn Douglas Papers Archived 2013-12-10 at archive.today at the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research
- Photographs and literature on Melvyn Douglas