Matthias Jakob Schleiden was born in Hamburg. on 5 April 1804. His father was the municipal physician of Hamburg. Schleiden pursued legal studies graduating in 1827. He then established a legal practice but after a period of emotional depression and attempted suicide, he changed professions. The suicide attempt left a prominent scar across his forehead.[4]
He soon developed his love for botany and cats into a full-time pursuit. Schleiden preferred to study plant structure under the microscope. As a professor of botany at the University of Jena, he wrote Contributions to our Knowledge of Phytogenesis (1838), in which he stated that all plants are composed of cells. Thus, Schleiden and Schwann became the first to formulate what was then an informal belief as a principle of biology equal in importance to the atomic theory of chemistry. He also recognized the importance of the cell nucleus, discovered in 1831 by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown,[6] and sensed its connection with cell division. In 1838, the two scientists M. J. Schleiden and Theodore Schwann formulated a theory about cellular structure which stated, 'All the living organisms are made up of cells and the cell is the fundamental component of living organismus”. In 1885 Rudolf Virchow stated that all cells are formed from pre-existing cells.
He became a professor of botany at the University of Dorpat in 1863. He concluded that all plant parts are made of cells and that an embryonic plant organism arises from one cell.
Die Entwickelung der Meduse ("The Development of the Medusæ"), in Schleiden's Das Meer
Evolutionedit
Schleiden was an early advocate of evolution. In a lecture on the "History of the Vegetable World" published in his book Die Pflanze und ihr Leben ("The Plant: A Biography") (1848) was a passage that embraced the transmutation of species.[8] He was one of the first German biologists to accept Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. He has been described as a leading proponent of Darwinism in Germany.[9]
With Die Pflanze und ihr Leben, reprinted six times by 1864, and his Studien: Populäre Vorträge ("Studies: Popular Lectures"), both written in a way that was accessible to lay readers, Schleiden contributed to creating a momentum for popularizing science in Germany.[10]
Schleiden’s popular writings included two volumes of poetry which appeared under the pseudonym “Ernst” in 1858 and 1873.[3] American composer Harriet P. Sawyer set one of his poems to music with her song “Die ersten Tropfen fallen.”[11]
Selected publicationsedit
Alter des Menschengeschlechts, die Entstehung der Arten und die Stellung des Menschen in der Natur, 1863
Encyclopädie der gesammten theoretischen Naturwissenschaften in ihrer Anwendung auf die Landwirthschaft (in German). Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn. 1850.
Grundzüge der wissenschaftlichen Botanik nebst einer methodologischen Einleitung als Anleitung zum Studium der Pflanze (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1861.
Alter des Menschengeschlechts, die Entstehung der Arten und die Stellung des Menschen in der Natur (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1863.
Referencesedit
^Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf (2015) [First published 1962]. Das Aussprachewörterbuch [The Pronunciation Dictionary] (in German) (7th ed.). Berlin: Dudenverlag. pp. 481, 587, 764. ISBN978-3-411-04067-4.
^Krech, Eva-Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz-Christian (2009-12-23). Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch (in German). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN9783110215564. from the original on 2023-07-22. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
^ abCharpa, Ulrich (2003). "Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804-1881): The History of Jewish Interest in Science and the Methodology of Microscopic Botany". Aleph. 3 (3): 213–245. doi:10.2979/ALE.2003.-.3.213. ISSN 1565-1525. JSTOR 40385773. S2CID 170356329. from the original on 2023-05-13. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
^Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2022). The Song of the Cell: An Exploration of Medicine and the New Human (1 ed.). USA: Scribner. ISBN9781982117351. from the original on 2023-01-30. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
^"Matthias Jacob Schleiden (1804–1881) | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia". embryo.asu.edu. from the original on 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2018-10-16.
^Trisha Creekmore. . Discovery Communications. Archived from the original on 2006-10-24. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
^Mathias Jacob Schleiden 2014-02-03 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopædia Britannica
^"Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804-1881)" 2018-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University.
^Glick, Thomas F. (1988). The Comparative Reception of Darwinism. University of Chicago Press. p. 83. ISBN0-226-29977-5
^Andreas W. Daum, Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19. Jahrhundert: Bürgerliche Kultur, naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Öffentlichkeit, 1848–1914. Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998, pp. 252, 256, 262, 288, 509.
^"Harriet Priscilla Sawyer Song Texts | LiederNet". www.lieder.net. from the original on 2022-09-28. Retrieved 2023-05-30.
Schwann, Theodor and Schleyden, M. J., Microscopical researches into the accordance in the structure and growth of animals and plants. London: Printed for the Sydenham Society, 1847.
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February 15, 2024
matthias, jakob, schleiden, schleid, redirects, here, municipality, germany, schleid, german, maˈtiːas, ˈjaːkɔp, ˈʃlaɪdn, april, 1804, june, 1881, german, botanist, founder, cell, theory, along, with, theodor, schwann, rudolf, virchow, published, some, poems, . Schleid redirects here For the municipality in Germany see Schleid Matthias Jakob Schleiden German maˈtiːas ˈjaːkɔp ˈʃlaɪdn 1 2 5 April 1804 23 June 1881 was a German botanist and co founder of cell theory along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow He published some poems and non scientific work under the pseudonym Ernst 3 Matthias Jakob SchleidenMatthias JakobBorn 1804 04 05 5 April 1804Hamburg Holy Roman EmpireDied23 June 1881 1881 06 23 aged 77 Frankfurt am Main German EmpireNationalityGermanAlma materHeidelbergKnown forCell theoryCoining the term cytoblast Scientific careerInstitutionsUniversity of Jena University of DorpatAuthor abbrev botany Schleid Contents 1 Career 2 Evolution 3 Selected publications 4 References 5 External linksCareer editMatthias Jakob Schleiden was born in Hamburg on 5 April 1804 His father was the municipal physician of Hamburg Schleiden pursued legal studies graduating in 1827 He then established a legal practice but after a period of emotional depression and attempted suicide he changed professions The suicide attempt left a prominent scar across his forehead 4 He studied natural science at the University of Gottingen in Gottingen Germany but transferred to the University of Berlin in 1835 to study plants Johann Horkel Schleiden s uncle encouraged him to study plant embryology 5 He soon developed his love for botany and cats into a full time pursuit Schleiden preferred to study plant structure under the microscope As a professor of botany at the University of Jena he wrote Contributions to our Knowledge of Phytogenesis 1838 in which he stated that all plants are composed of cells Thus Schleiden and Schwann became the first to formulate what was then an informal belief as a principle of biology equal in importance to the atomic theory of chemistry He also recognized the importance of the cell nucleus discovered in 1831 by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown 6 and sensed its connection with cell division In 1838 the two scientists M J Schleiden and Theodore Schwann formulated a theory about cellular structure which stated All the living organisms are made up of cells and the cell is the fundamental component of living organismus In 1885 Rudolf Virchow stated that all cells are formed from pre existing cells He became a professor of botany at the University of Dorpat in 1863 He concluded that all plant parts are made of cells and that an embryonic plant organism arises from one cell He died in Frankfurt am Main on 23 June 1881 7 nbsp Die Entwickelung der Meduse The Development of the Medusae in Schleiden s Das MeerEvolution editSchleiden was an early advocate of evolution In a lecture on the History of the Vegetable World published in his book Die Pflanze und ihr Leben The Plant A Biography 1848 was a passage that embraced the transmutation of species 8 He was one of the first German biologists to accept Charles Darwin s theory of evolution He has been described as a leading proponent of Darwinism in Germany 9 With Die Pflanze und ihr Leben reprinted six times by 1864 and his Studien Populare Vortrage Studies Popular Lectures both written in a way that was accessible to lay readers Schleiden contributed to creating a momentum for popularizing science in Germany 10 Schleiden s popular writings included two volumes of poetry which appeared under the pseudonym Ernst in 1858 and 1873 3 American composer Harriet P Sawyer set one of his poems to music with her song Die ersten Tropfen fallen 11 Selected publications edit nbsp Alter des Menschengeschlechts die Entstehung der Arten und die Stellung des Menschen in der Natur 1863On the Development of the Organization in Phaenogamous Plants 1838 The Plant a Biography 1848 translated by Arthur Henfrey The standard author abbreviation Schleid is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name 12 Encyclopadie der gesammten theoretischen Naturwissenschaften in ihrer Anwendung auf die Landwirthschaft in German Braunschweig Vieweg und Sohn 1850 Grundzuge der wissenschaftlichen Botanik nebst einer methodologischen Einleitung als Anleitung zum Studium der Pflanze in German Leipzig Wilhelm Engelmann 1861 Alter des Menschengeschlechts die Entstehung der Arten und die Stellung des Menschen in der Natur in German Leipzig Wilhelm Engelmann 1863 References edit Dudenredaktion Kleiner Stefan Knobl Ralf 2015 First published 1962 Das Ausspracheworterbuch The Pronunciation Dictionary in German 7th ed Berlin Dudenverlag pp 481 587 764 ISBN 978 3 411 04067 4 Krech Eva Maria Stock Eberhard Hirschfeld Ursula Anders Lutz Christian 2009 12 23 Deutsches Ausspracheworterbuch in German Walter de Gruyter ISBN 9783110215564 Archived from the original on 2023 07 22 Retrieved 2020 10 20 a b Charpa Ulrich 2003 Matthias Jakob Schleiden 1804 1881 The History of Jewish Interest in Science and the Methodology of Microscopic Botany Aleph 3 3 213 245 doi 10 2979 ALE 2003 3 213 ISSN 1565 1525 JSTOR 40385773 S2CID 170356329 Archived from the original on 2023 05 13 Retrieved 2023 05 13 Mukherjee Siddhartha 2022 The Song of the Cell An Exploration of Medicine and the New Human 1 ed USA Scribner ISBN 9781982117351 Archived from the original on 2023 01 30 Retrieved 2023 01 25 Matthias Jacob Schleiden 1804 1881 The Embryo Project Encyclopedia embryo asu edu Archived from the original on 2018 10 17 Retrieved 2018 10 16 Trisha Creekmore The Science Channel 100 Greatest Discoveries Biology Discovery Communications Archived from the original on 2006 10 24 Retrieved 2006 10 17 Mathias Jacob Schleiden Archived 2014 02 03 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopaedia Britannica Matthias Jakob Schleiden 1804 1881 Archived 2018 09 29 at the Wayback Machine The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Glick Thomas F 1988 The Comparative Reception of Darwinism University of Chicago Press p 83 ISBN 0 226 29977 5 Andreas W Daum Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19 Jahrhundert Burgerliche Kultur naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Offentlichkeit 1848 1914 Munich Oldenbourg 1998 pp 252 256 262 288 509 Harriet Priscilla Sawyer Song Texts LiederNet www lieder net Archived from the original on 2022 09 28 Retrieved 2023 05 30 International Plant Names Index Schleid External links editShort biography and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of ScienceSchwann Theodor and Schleyden M J Microscopical researches into the accordance in the structure and growth of animals and plants London Printed for the Sydenham Society 1847 Schleiden Matthias Jakob Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 24 11th ed 1911 p 330 Schleiden Matthias Jakob Encyclopedia Americana 1920 Ernst Wunschmann 1890 Schleiden Matthias Jacob Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie in German vol 31 Leipzig Duncker amp Humblot pp 417 421 Matthias Jakob Schleiden International Plant Names Index IPNI Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Harvard University Herbaria amp Libraries Australian National Botanic Gardens Retrieved February 18 2009 nbsp 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