Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region
The Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, or M-Map, is the latest version in a series of Thai government plans for the development of an urban rail transit network serving the Greater Bangkok area. It was drafted under the care of the Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning (OTP) of the Ministry of Transport.
| Mass Rapid Transit in Bangkok | |
|---|---|
Map as of 2023 | |
| Overview | |
| Owner | BMA, MRTA, and SRT |
| Locale | Bangkok Metropolitan Region |
| Transit type | Rapid transit consisting of Heavy rail (metro & commuter rail) lines & light rail (monorail & people mover) lines |
| Number of lines | Current: 9 lines (Total planned: 15 lines) |
| Number of stations | 162 out of planned 310 |
| Daily ridership | 1.68 million[1] |
| Operation | |
| Began operation | 5 December 1999 |
| Operator(s) | BTS, BEM, and SRT |
| Technical | |
| System length | 2023 Current service: 242.34 km (150.58 mi) 2021 Under construction: 96.8 km (60.1 mi) 2029 Planned total: 540 km (340 mi) |
| Track gauge | MRT, BTS and Airport Rail Link: 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge SRT Red Lines: 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge |
| Electrification | MRT and BTS: 750 V DC third rail ARL and SRT: 25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead catenary |
| Top speed | MRT and BTS: 80 km/h (50 mph) ARL and SRT: 160 km/h (99 mph) |
Early versions (Old plans) Edit
Mass Rapid Transit Systems Master Plan (MTMP) Edit
The first version of the plan, endorsed by the cabinet on 27 September 1994 and to be implemented from 1995 to 2011, consisted of an extension of 135 kilometres (84 mi) to the three systems already in progress (the MRT Blue Line, the Sukhumvit and Silom lines of the BTS Skytrain and the Bangkok Elevated Road and Train System (BERTS)), which would have had a combined length of 103 kilometres (64 mi).[2]
Urban Rail Transportation Master Plan in Bangkok and Surrounding Areas (URMAP) Edit
Following the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis and the cancellation of the BERTS, a system totalling 375 kilometres (233 mi) to begin in 2001 was proposed, to be developed in three stages: 141.9 kilometres (88.2 mi) during 2001–11, 158.2 kilometres (98.3 mi) during 2012–21 and 75.3 kilometres (46.8 mi) from 2022 onwards.[2]
Bangkok Mass Transit Master Plan (BMT) Edit
Due to the slow progress of development following URMAP, a new plan was drafted consisting of 475.05 kilometres (295.18 mi) of rail in addition to the then-completed MRT Blue Line, the Sukhumvit and Silom BTS lines, the MRT purple line, and the Airport Rail Link to undergo rapid development during 2010–29. The plan was approved by the cabinet in 2016, and consisted of the following extensions:
- Light Green Line: North–south extension of the BTS to Khu Khot and Kheha Samut Prakan
- Dark Green Line: West extension of the BTS to Yot Se
- Blue Line: Extension of the MRT Blue Line to complete a quasi circle line with a branch to Lak Song
- Purple Line: South extension to Rat Burana is under construction
- Orange Line: Running east–west Min Buri to Bang Khun Non
- SRT Dark Red Line: Running north–southwest from Rangsit to Krung Thep Aphiwat to Maha Chai
- SRT Light Red Line: running east–west from Hua Mak to Sala Ya
- Airport Rail Link: North extension to Don Mueang
M-Map development Edit
Original M-Map (2010) Edit
The first M-Map plan was endorsed by the Commission for the Management of Land Traffic in 2010.[3] It designated eight primary routes, consisting of two commuter rail lines, an airport rail link, and five rapid transit lines, as well as five feeder lines. The routes, totaling 555.74 kilometres (345.32 mi), were to be constructed within a development period of twenty years (2010–29). They were:[4]
| Primary lines | ||
|---|---|---|
| Rapid transit type | Line | Route |
| Heavy rail: Commuter | SRT Dark Red Line | Thammasat University – Rangsit – Krung Thep Aphiwat – Hua Lamphong – Bang Bon – Maha Chai |
| SRT Light Red Line | Sala Ya – Taling Chan – Hua Mak | |
| Heavy rail: Metro | SRT Airport Rail Link | Suvarnabhumi – Phaya Thai – Krung Thep Aphiwat – Don Mueang |
| Heavy rail: Metro | BTS Light Green Line and extension of BTS | East Outer Ring Road – Khu Khot – Saphan Mai – Mo Chit – On Nut – Bearing – Kheha Samut Prakan – Bang Pu |
| BTS Dark Green Line and extension of BTS | Yot Se – Saphan Taksin – Bang Wa – Taling Chan | |
| MRT Blue Line and extension of MRT | Tha Phra – Bang Sue – Hua Lamphong – Tha Phra – Lak Song – Phutthamonthon Sai 4 | |
| MRT Purple Line | Khlong Bang Phai – Tao Poon – Khru Nai | |
| MRT Orange Line | Bang Khun Non – Thailand Cultural Centre – Yaek Rom Klao | |
| Feeder lines | ||
| Rapid transit type | Line | Route |
| Monorail | MRT Yellow Line | Lat Phrao – Samrong |
| MRT Pink Line | Nonthaburi Civic Center – Min Buri | |
| Grey Line | Watcharaphon – Rama IX Bridge | |
| Light Blue Line | Pracha Songkhro – Chong Nonsi | |
Development would be divided into three stages, in addition to those lines already open or under construction.[5]
M-Map 2 (2017) Edit
The 2010 M-Map did not reflect more recent changes to the priority of constructing new rapid transit lines in Bangkok. While the Orange, Yellow and Pink lines received approval in the years that followed, the Grey and Light Blue lines remained unapproved at the time of the next M-Map. In March 2017, the Minister of Transport announced the development of the Second Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (M-Map 2).[6] The Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning (OTP) was the main agency responsible for this master plan's development, with technical assistance from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).[7]
The initial project materials listed the following lines as part of the plan:[8]
| Primary lines | ||
|---|---|---|
| Rapid transit type | Line | Route |
| Heavy rail: Commuter | SRT Dark Red Line | Thammasat University – Rangsit – Krung Thep Aphiwat – Hua Lamphong – Bang Bon – Maha Chai |
| SRT Light Red Line | Sala Ya – Taling Chan – Hua Mak | |
| Heavy rail: Commuter | SRT Airport Rail Link and extension | Suvarnabhumi – Phaya Thai – Krung Thep Aphiwat – Don Mueang |
| Heavy rail: Metro | BTS Light Green Line | East Outer Ring Road – Khu Khot – Saphan Mai – Mo Chit – On Nut – Bearing – Kheha Samut Prakan – Bang Pu |
| BTS Dark Green Line | Yot Se – Saphan Taksin – Bang Wa – Taling Chan | |
| MRT Blue Line | Tha Phra – Bang Sue – Hua Lamphong – Tha Phra – Lak Song – Phutthamonthon Sai 4 | |
| MRT Purple Line | Khlong Bang Phai – Tao Poon – Khru Nai | |
| MRT Orange Line | Bang Khun Non – Thailand Cultural Centre – Yaek Rom Klao | |
| Feeder lines | ||
| Rapid transit type | Line | Route |
| Monorail | MRT Yellow Line | Phaholyothin 24 – Lat Phrao – Samrong |
| MRT Pink Line and Impact Link Spur Line | Nonthaburi Civic Center – (Si Rat – Mueang Thong Lake) – Min Buri | |
In 2019, JICA released a Proposed M-MAP2 Blueprint study, outlining "key policy directions and measures based on which the M-MAP2 will be developed by the Thai Government".[9] The Department of Rail Transport, OTP's successor agency for rail transport planning, is in the process of completing M-Map 2.[10] [11]
Lines outside of M-Map 2 Edit
As of 2022[update], the Grey and Light Blue line projects remain unapproved; however, the MRT Brown Line project, which will link Nonthaburi Civic Center with the Lam Sali intersection between Ramkhamhaeng and Srinagarindra roads, has gained cabinet approval. Additionally, a Gold Line along Charoen Nakhon road that starts at Krung Thonburi, partially funded by property developer Siam Piwat, has been operational outside of the M-Map framework since 2020 and is planned to be further extended towards the Memorial Bridge, linking it with the Purple Line extension that runs through the bridge's surrounding area.
| Rapid transit type | Line | Route |
|---|---|---|
| Monorail | BMA Grey Line | Watcharaphon – Rama IX Bridge |
| Light Blue Line | Pracha Songkhro – Chong Nonsi | |
| MRT Brown Line | Nonthaburi Civic Center – Yaek Lam Sali | |
| Automated guideway transit | BMA Gold Line | Krung Thonburi – Memorial Bridge |
| Light rail | BMA Silver Line | Bang Na – Suvarnabhumi |
Overview Edit
| Overview as of December 2022 | Distance (km) | Metro lines |
|---|---|---|
| Current operations | 242.34 km | Silom Line, Sukhumvit Line, Blue Line, Yellow Line, Airport Rail Link, Purple Line, Gold Line, SRT Dark Red Line, SRT Light Red Line |
| Under construction | 96.8 km | Pink Line (2023), Orange Line eastern section (2025), Purple Line southern ext (2027) |
| Future planning | 233.9 km | SRT Light Red Line exts, SRT Dark Red Line exts, Airport Rail Link ext, Orange Line western ext, Brown Line, BTS exts, BMA Grey Line |
| Total Planned | 540 km |
Current operations Edit
| Line | Operator | Route | Length km. | No. of stations | Year opened | Last extension |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Silom Line | BTS | National Stadium – Bang Wa | 14.0 | 14 | 1999 | 2021 |
| Sukhumvit Line | BTS | Khu Khot – Kheha | 54.25 | 47 | 1999 | 2020 |
| Blue Line | BEM | Tha Phra – Bang Sue – Lak Song | 48.0 | 38 | 2004 | 2020 |
| Yellow Line | EBM | Lat Phrao – Samrong | 30.4 | 23 | 2023 | NA |
| Airport Rail Link | SRT | Phaya Thai – Suvarnabhumi | 28.6 | 8 | 2010 | 2010 |
| Purple Line | BEM | Tao Poon – Khlong Bang Phai | 23.0 | 16 | 2016 | 2016 |
| Gold Line | BTS | Krung Thonburi – Khlong San | 1.8 | 3 | 2020 | 2020 |
| SRT Dark Red Line | SRT | Krung Thep Aphiwat – Rangsit | 21.6 | 10 | 2021 | 2021 |
| SRT Light Red Line | SRT | Krung Thep Aphiwat – Taling Chan | 15 | 4 | 2021 | 2021 |
| Total | 242.34 | 160 | ||||
Under construction Edit
| Line | Rapid transit type | Owner: operator (if awarded) | Stations | Length (km) | Route | Under construction since | Scheduled operation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orange Line Eastern section | Heavy rail: Metro | MRTA: BEM | 17 | 22.5 | Thailand Cultural Centre ↔ Yaek Romklao | June 2017 | 2025[12] |
| Purple Line Southern section | MRTA | 17 | 23.6 | Tao Poon ↔ Kru Nai | 2022 | 2027[13][14] | |
| Pink Line | Monorail | MRTA: NBM | 30 | 34.5 | Nonthaburi Civic Center ↔ Min Buri | July 2018 | 18 December 2023[15] |
| Airport Rail Link (phase II) | Heavy rail: Commuter | SRT | 5 | 171.9 | U-Tapao Airport ↔ Suvarnabhumi | October 2023[16] | 2029 |
| Airport Rail Link (phase III) | 1 | 7.8 | Don Mueang ↔ Krung Thep Aphiwat ↔ Phaya Thai | ||||
| Total (as of October 2023) | 87 | 123 | |||||
Future planning Edit
| Line | Rapid transit type | Owner | Stations to be added | Projected operation | Length km | Length mile | Terminus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sukhumvit Line | Heavy rail: Metro | BMA | 4 | n/a | 6.5 | 4.0 | Khu Khot ↔ Eastern Outer Ring |
| 7 | 4.3 | Kheha ↔ Bang Pu | |||||
| Silom Line | 6 | 7.50 | 4.66 | Bang Wa ↔ Taling Chan | |||
| 1 | 1.0 | 0.62 | National Stadium ↔ Yot Se | ||||
| Blue Line western extension | MRTA | 4 | 8.0 | 5.0 | Lak Song ↔ Phutthamonthon Sai 4 | ||
| Orange Line western extension | 12 | est. 2028[12] | 17.5 | 10.9 | Thailand Cultural Centre ↔ Bang Khun Non | ||
| SRT Dark Red Line (phase II) | Heavy rail: Commuter | SRT | 5 | est. 2028[17] | 6.05 | 3.76 | Krung Thep Aphiwat ↔ Hua Lamphong |
| SRT Dark Red Line (phase III) | 4 | est. 2026[17] | 8.75 | 5.44 | Thammasat ↔ Rangsit | ||
| SRT Dark Red Line (phase IV) | 8 | n/a | 13.18 | 8.19 | Hua Lamphong ↔ Bang Bon | ||
| SRT Dark Red Line (phase V) | 12 | 21.00 | 13.05 | Bang Bon ↔ Maha Chai | |||
| SRT Light Red Line (phase II) | 6 | est. 2028[17] | 18.80 | 11.68 | Krung Thep Aphiwat ↔ Hua Mak | ||
| SRT Light Red Line (phase III) | 6[a] | est. 2026[17] | 12.98 | 8.07 | Taling Chan ↔ Sala Ya Station | ||
| SRT Light Red Line (phase III) | 3 | 5.38 | 3.34 | Taling Chan ↔ Thonburi-Siriraj | |||
| Grey Line | Monorail | BMA | 21 | n/a | 26.0 | 16.2 | Vatcharapol ↔ Rama 9 Bridge |
| Silver Line | Light Rail | 14 | 24.0 | 14.9 | Bang Na ↔ Suvarnabhumi | ||
| Brown Line | Monorail | MRTA | 21 | 22.0 | 13.7 | Nonthaburi Civic Center↔Lam Sali | |
| Total | 133 | ||||||
Notes Edit
- ^ Including Rama VI and Bang Kruai-EGAT infill stations.[17]
References Edit
- ^ https://www.dailynews.co.th/news/2659728/
- ^ a b . Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region website (in Thai). Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning. Archived from the original on 2 January 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ^ Hoonsara, Samatcha; Jeerawan Prasomsap (9 February 2010). . The Nation. Archived from the original on 2011-02-21. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ^ แผนแม่บทระบบขนส่งมวลชนทางรางในเขตกรุงเทพฯและปริมณฑล พ.ศ.2553-2572 [Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region] (PDF) (in Thai). Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ^ . Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region website (in Thai). Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ^ ไทย-ญี่ปุ่น เร่งศึกษาแผนแม่บทรถไฟฟ้า. banmuang.co.th (in Thai). Retrieved 2017-08-12.
- ^ "Outline of the Project: Project for enhancing capacity of formulation of the Second Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (M-MAP2)". Japan International Cooperation Agency. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Data Collection Survey on the Development of Blueprint for the Second Mass Rapid Transit. Master Plan. (M-Map2) in The Kingdom of Thailand" (PDF). Japan International Cooperation Agency. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ "กรมรางฯลุยศึกษา 'M-MAP' ระยะที่ 2 เติมโครงข่ายรถไฟฟ้าครอบคลุมกรุงเทพฯ-ปริมณฑล". Thai Post.
- ^ "แนะนำโครงการ-M-MAP" (PDF). Department of Rail Transport.
- ^ a b . Daily News Online. Archived from the original on 2022-09-14. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
- ^ . Daily News Online. Archived from the original on 2022-08-02. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
- ^ . ฐานเศรษฐกิจ. Archived from the original on 2022-10-08. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ^ https://www.dailynews.co.th/news/2684718
- ^ "มั่นใจเริ่มสร้างไฮสปีดเชื่อม 3 สนามบินได้แน่ปีนี้". Daily News Online. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "เปิดไทม์ไลน์(ใหม่) "ส่วนต่อขยายรถไฟฟ้าสายสีแดง"". Facebook (in Thai). Retrieved 2021-12-27.
External links Edit
- Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region at the Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning website
- M-MAP2 Project website, Department of Rail Transport
- Bangkok MRT Map - Bangkok BTS & MRT Map 2023