Mary Antona Ebo
Mary Antona Ebo, FSM, (born Elizabeth Louise "Betty Lou" Ebo; April 10, 1924 – November 11, 2017) was an American nun, hospital administrator, and civil rights activist. She was the first African-American woman to head a Catholic hospital, and is known for marching with Martin Luther King Jr. in Selma in 1965, famously saying "I'm here because I'm a Negro, a nun, a Catholic, and because I want to bear witness."[1]
Mary Antona Ebo | |
|---|---|
Mary Antona Ebo at Selma, from a 1965 newspaper photograph. | |
| Born | Elizabeth Louise Ebo April 10, 1924 Bloomington, Illinois, USA |
| Died | November 11, 2017 St. Louis, Missouri, USA |
| Other names | Sister Antona |
| Occupation(s) | Religious sister, civil rights activist |
| Known for | Marched with Martin Luther King Jr. at Selma in 1965 |
Early life and education edit
Ebo was born in Bloomington, Illinois,[2] the daughter of Daniel Ebo and Louise Teal Ebo. She lived at the McLean County Home for Colored Children with her two older siblings from 1930 to 1942, after her mother's death and her father's unemployment during the Great Depression.[3] She was hospitalized for long periods of her childhood, once for an infected thumb requiring amputation,[3] and later with tuberculosis.[4][5]
In 1944, she was the first black student to graduate from Holy Trinity High School. She converted to Catholicism in 1942, and trained as a nurse the St. Mary's (Colored) Infirmary School of Nursing in St. Louis.[1][6]
As a Catholic nun, she pursued further education, earning a bachelor's degree in medical record library science from Saint Louis University in 1962,[7] and two master's degrees, one in hospital executive development (1970) from Saint Louis University, and one in theology of health care (1978) from Aquinas Institute of Theology. From 1979, she held a chaplain's certificate from the National Association of Catholic Chaplains.[8]
Career edit
Medical and pastoral work edit
Ebo was one of the first three black women to join the Sisters of St. Mary in 1946, and became Sister Mary Antona when she took her final vows in 1954. She worked in medical records at Firmin Desloge Hospital from 1955 to 1961,[9] and was director of medical records at St. Mary's Infirmary from 1962 to 1967.[8] In 1967, she was named executive director of St. Clare's Hospital in Baraboo, Wisconsin,[10] the first African-American woman to be head of a Catholic hospital.[4] In 1974 she was named executive director of the Wisconsin Conference of Catholic Hospitals.[11] She worked at Catholic hospitals in Madison, Wisconsin, and at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.[12] From 1992 to 2008, she was a pastoral associate at St. Nicholas Church in St. Louis.[8]
Civil rights activism edit
With encouragement from her mother superior,[13][14] Ebo and five other nuns joined the Martin Luther King's march in Selma in 1965,[15] wearing their orders' full habits.[9][16][17] During the march, she famously told reporters, "I'm here because I'm a Negro, a nun, a Catholic, and because I want to bear witness."
Ebo's story was included in the documentary Sisters of Selma: Bearing Witness for Change (2007).[18] In 1968, Ebo was a founder of the National Black Sisters' Conference, and president of the conference from 1980 to 1982. In 1989, she received the conference's Harriet Tubman Award for service and leadership. She served on the Human Rights Commission of the Archdiocese of St. Louis, and was a member of the Missouri Catholic Conference on Social Concerns.[8]
In 1999, she received the Eucharist from Pope John Paul II, in a group of congregants including Rosa Parks, when the pontiff visited St. Louis. In 2013 she attended a commemoration of the 1965 march and cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge with Congressman John Lewis.[9] In 2014, in her nineties, Ebo gave a message at a prayer service in Ferguson following the death of Michael Brown Jr.[1]
Death edit
Sister Mary Antona Ebo died in 2017, aged 93, at the Sarah Community,[19] a retirement home in Bridgeton, Missouri,[1] after 71 years in religious life.
Legacy edit
A seminar room at the Cardinal Rigali Center in St. Louis is named for Ebo.[8]
Two events in St. Louis will mark the centennial of her birth. The Archdiocese of St. Louis' Office of Black Catholic Ministries remembered her at a Mass on April 10, 2024 at St. Josephine Bakhita Catholic Church. The Sister Mary Antona Ebo, FSM Centennial Committee has scheduled a celebration on April 13, 2024 at St. Alphonsus Liguori “Rock” Catholic Church, where her funeral was held.[20]
References edit
- ^ a b c d "Franciscan Sr. Mary Antona Ebo, civil rights leader, dies at 93". Global Sisters Report. 2017-11-17. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ^ Holliday, Bob (2006-09-07). "Nun Proud to Call Bloomington Home". The Pantagraph. p. 4. Retrieved 2021-01-20 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "PFOP: Sister Mary Antona Ebo a 'witness' for civil rights, justice". The Pantagraph. September 6, 2020. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ^ a b Williams, Shannen Dee (2017-11-22). "Sister Antona Ebo's lifelong struggle against white supremacy, inside and outside the Catholic Church". America Magazine. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ^ Graybill, Elaine (1990-02-15). "From Orphanage to the History Books: Bloomington's Betty Ebo Has Made Her Place". The Pantagraph. p. 19. Retrieved 2021-01-20 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Salter, Kwame (1973-08-04). "Black Catholics: On a Special Mission". The Capital Times. p. 24. Retrieved 2021-01-20 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Antona Ebo, F.S.M.: 1924-2017". Saint Louis University. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ^ a b c d e "Obituary | Sister Mary Antona Ebo, FSM". Archdiocese of St. Louis. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ^ a b c Ross, Gloria S. (14 November 2017). "Obituary: Sister Mary Antona Ebo, one of the 'sisters of Selma'". WGLT. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ^ "Former Bloomingtonian Named Hospital Chief". The Pantagraph. 1967-07-16. p. 5. Retrieved 2021-01-20 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Catholic Hospitals Name New Director". Wisconsin State Journal. 1974-01-24. p. 3. Retrieved 2021-01-20 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Freimuth, Bob (1981-09-18). "Madison's Losing Sister Antona". The Capital Times. p. 23. Retrieved 2021-01-20 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Sexauer, Cornelia F. (2004). "A Weil-Behaved Woman Who Made History: Sister Mary Antona's Journey to Selma". American Catholic Studies. 115 (4): 37–57. ISSN 2161-8542. JSTOR 44195508.
- ^ Culbreth, Michael (1985-04-20). "Sister Ebo Recalls Days of Selma March". Clarion-Ledger. p. 17. Retrieved 2021-01-20 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Nuns, Clergy Blocked in New Selma March" Miami Herald (March 11, 1965): 1 (Air Express Edition). via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Jones, Kevin (January 22, 2018). "The nuns who witnessed the life, death of Martin Luther King". The Catholic Voice. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ^ "Six Catholic Nuns Join rights March in Selma". The Post-Star. 1965-03-11. p. 1. Retrieved 2021-01-20 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Feister, John (May 19, 2020). "Antona Ebo, FSM: Brave Sister of Selma". Franciscan Media. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ^ Hollinshed, Denise (November 11, 2017). "Sister Antona Ebo, civil rights leader and nun for 71 years, dies at 93". STLtoday.com. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ^ "St. Louis to fete 100th birthday of Sr Mary Antona Ebo, 'Sister of Selma'". Black Catholic Messenger. 2024-04-09. Retrieved 2024-04-11.
External links edit
- A 2017 segment of Living St. Louis about Ebo, from Nine PBS, on YouTube.
- A Celebration of Sister Antona Ebo, a video of a memorial program for Ebo at the Missouri History Museum, on YouTube.