As a young man in 1568, he arrived in Peru at the side of the new viceroyFrancisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa, as captain of the guard. In 1572, during the military expedition against Túpac Amaru — the last descendant of the Incas resisting foreign domination — Óñez de Loyola led a brilliant action of an advance column which fell upon the camp of the Inca and captured him.
For this great feat, he gained the rank of corregidor in a number of Peruvian towns, entitling him to their goods and labor. He also married to Beatriz Clara Coya, daughter of Inca ruler Sayri Túpac and niece of Túpac Amaru.
Alonso de Ovalle's 1646 engraving of Quiñónez, Óñez de Loyola and Viscarra
Óñez de Loyola arrived in Chile on September 23, 1592. He was determined to pacify the Arauco. To further this end he immediately set out for Concepción at the head of 110 troops which he had met at the capital. However, he realized that with such scarce resources he would not be able to achieve his objective and he requested reinforcements from Peru.
However, the appearance of the British pirate Richard Hawkins alarmed the authorities in Peru and their reinforcements were recalled for the defense of Peru itself. Hawkins also attacked Chile during his campaigns, assaulting Valparaiso, for example where he captured a ship. Because of the limited capacity of his ship, he only took things he needed and let the captured sailors go free.
The governor did not receive the requested soldiers, but members of the Jesuit and Augustinian orders did arrive. The first would have great importance for later events in the colonization of Chile, until they were eventually expelled.
The governor decided that he could not wait any longer and in 1594 he began a campaign to the south with the small contingent that he had assembled. He founded a fort at Santa Cruz de Óñez in May 1594, near the confluence of the Bio-Bio and Laja Rivers in Catiray, where gold mines were located on the Rele River. The fort was elevated to the rank of city in 1595 giving it the name of Santa Cruz de Coya.
Three years later a group of 140 reinforcements arrived, but they were not enough. The lack of reinforcements was not the fault of the viceroy — who offered generous inducements to join the army — but rather the name of Chile, which had become so stained by the interminable conflict that no one wanted to risk their lives going to such a hell.
The governor was in La Imperial when news arrived that the Mapuches had renewed their attacks against Angol. In order to reinforce this point, he set out with 50 men on December 21, 1598. On the second day of the march they arrived at a place called Curallaba or Curalava (the broken rock), on the banks of the Lumaco River, where they rested without taking any precautions against attack. On the nights of the 23rd and 24th the natives approached the camp, and with shouts and the sounds of horns they attacked the Spanish.
Óñez de Loyola and a pair of soldiers at his side fought very valiantly, but finally succumbed to the spears of the natives. In the melee almost all the Spaniards died, save a cleric named Bartolomé Pérez, who was taken prisoner, and a soldier named Bernardo de Pereda, who received 23 wounds on his body and was left for dead but improbably survived.
The Mapuches then initiated a general uprising which destroyed all the cities in their homeland south of the Biobío River. They kept the head of Óñez de Loyola, giving it back years later to the governor Alonso García de Ramón.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Martín García Óñez de Loyola.
^Ana María Lorandi (2014). Spanish King of the Incas: The Epic Life of Pedro Bohorques. University of Pittsburgh. p. 62. ISBN0822970899.
^Barros Arana, Diego (2000) [1884]. Historia General de Chile (in Spanish). Vol. III (2 ed.). Santiago, Chile: Editorial Universitaria. p. 177. ISBN956-11-1535-2.
Carvallo y Goyeneche, Vicente (1875). Miguel Luis Amunategui (ed.). Descripción Histórica y Geografía del Reino de Chile Vol. I (1542 - 1626). Coleccion de historiadores de Chile y documentos relativos a la historia nacional (in Spanish). Vol. VIII (Instituto Chileno de Cultura Hispánica, Academia Chilena de la Historia ed.). Santiago, Chile: Imprenta de La Estrella de Chile. p. 483.
Crow, John A (1992). The Epic of Latin America (4th ed.). New York, NY: University of California Press. pp. 331–333.
Cruz Farias, Eduardo (2002). . Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
martín, garcía, Óñez, loyola, this, spanish, name, first, paternal, surname, Óñez, loyola, 1549, azpeitia, gipuzkoa, december, 1598, curalaba, spanish, basque, soldier, royal, governor, captaincy, general, chile, very, likely, ignatius, loyola, founder, societ. In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is onez de Loyola Don Martin Garcia onez de Loyola 1549 in Azpeitia Gipuzkoa December 24 1598 at Curalaba was a Spanish Basque soldier and Royal Governor of the Captaincy General of Chile Very likely Ignatius of Loyola the founder of the Society of Jesus was his uncle 1 2 Martin Garcia onez de LoyolaRoyal Governor of ChileIn office 1592 1598MonarchPhilip IIPreceded byPedro de Viscarra de la BarreraSucceeded byPedro de Viscarra de la BarreraPersonal detailsBornc 1549Azpeitia Gipuzkoa SpainDiedDecember 24 1598Curalaba ChileSpouseBeatriz Clara CoyaMilitary serviceAllegiance SpainYears of service1530s 1563Battles warsArauco War Battle of Curalaba Contents 1 Early life 2 Governor of Chile 3 Death 4 See also 5 References 5 1 SourcesEarly life EditAs a young man in 1568 he arrived in Peru at the side of the new viceroy Francisco de Toledo Count of Oropesa as captain of the guard In 1572 during the military expedition against Tupac Amaru the last descendant of the Incas resisting foreign domination onez de Loyola led a brilliant action of an advance column which fell upon the camp of the Inca and captured him For this great feat he gained the rank of corregidor in a number of Peruvian towns entitling him to their goods and labor He also married to Beatriz Clara Coya daughter of Inca ruler Sayri Tupac and niece of Tupac Amaru With these recommendations the king named him governor of the Rio de la Plata and Paraguay in 1592 However just before he assumed the position Philip II designated him Royal Governor of Chile as he was considered the officer most apt to finish the Arauco War Governor of Chile Edit Alonso de Ovalle s 1646 engraving of Quinonez onez de Loyola and Viscarra onez de Loyola arrived in Chile on September 23 1592 He was determined to pacify the Arauco To further this end he immediately set out for Concepcion at the head of 110 troops which he had met at the capital However he realized that with such scarce resources he would not be able to achieve his objective and he requested reinforcements from Peru However the appearance of the British pirate Richard Hawkins alarmed the authorities in Peru and their reinforcements were recalled for the defense of Peru itself Hawkins also attacked Chile during his campaigns assaulting Valparaiso for example where he captured a ship Because of the limited capacity of his ship he only took things he needed and let the captured sailors go free The governor did not receive the requested soldiers but members of the Jesuit and Augustinian orders did arrive The first would have great importance for later events in the colonization of Chile until they were eventually expelled The governor decided that he could not wait any longer and in 1594 he began a campaign to the south with the small contingent that he had assembled He founded a fort at Santa Cruz de onez in May 1594 near the confluence of the Bio Bio and Laja Rivers in Catiray where gold mines were located on the Rele River The fort was elevated to the rank of city in 1595 giving it the name of Santa Cruz de Coya Three years later a group of 140 reinforcements arrived but they were not enough The lack of reinforcements was not the fault of the viceroy who offered generous inducements to join the army but rather the name of Chile which had become so stained by the interminable conflict that no one wanted to risk their lives going to such a hell Death EditMain article Battle of Curalaba The governor was in La Imperial when news arrived that the Mapuches had renewed their attacks against Angol In order to reinforce this point he set out with 50 men on December 21 1598 On the second day of the march they arrived at a place called Curallaba or Curalava the broken rock on the banks of the Lumaco River where they rested without taking any precautions against attack On the nights of the 23rd and 24th the natives approached the camp and with shouts and the sounds of horns they attacked the Spanish onez de Loyola and a pair of soldiers at his side fought very valiantly but finally succumbed to the spears of the natives In the melee almost all the Spaniards died save a cleric named Bartolome Perez who was taken prisoner and a soldier named Bernardo de Pereda who received 23 wounds on his body and was left for dead but improbably survived The Mapuches then initiated a general uprising which destroyed all the cities in their homeland south of the Biobio River They kept the head of onez de Loyola giving it back years later to the governor Alonso Garcia de Ramon Wikimedia Commons has media related to Martin Garcia onez de Loyola See also EditArauco War Mapuche people Disaster of Curalaba Destruction of Seven CitiesReferences Edit Ana Maria Lorandi 2014 Spanish King of the Incas The Epic Life of Pedro Bohorques University of Pittsburgh p 62 ISBN 0822970899 Barros Arana Diego 2000 1884 Historia General de Chile in Spanish Vol III 2 ed Santiago Chile Editorial Universitaria p 177 ISBN 956 11 1535 2 Sources Edit Barros Arana Diego 1886 Historia Jeneral de Chile in Spanish Vol VI Santiago Chile Rafael Jover ISBN 9780598482334 Carvallo y Goyeneche Vicente 1875 Miguel Luis Amunategui ed Descripcion Historica y Geografia del Reino de Chile Vol I 1542 1626 Coleccion de historiadores de Chile y documentos relativos a la historia nacional in Spanish Vol VIII Instituto Chileno de Cultura Hispanica Academia Chilena de la Historia ed Santiago Chile Imprenta de La Estrella de Chile p 483 Crow John A 1992 The Epic of Latin America 4th ed New York NY University of California Press pp 331 333 Cruz Farias Eduardo 2002 An overview of the Mapuche and Aztec military response to the Spanish Conquest Archived from the original on 30 September 2008 Retrieved 15 October 2008 Government officesPreceded byPedro de Viscarra Royal Governor of Chile1592 1598 Succeeded byPedro de Viscarra Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Martin Garcia onez de Loyola amp oldid 1121582406, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
