fbpx
Wikipedia

Marine botany

Marine botany is the study of flowering vascular plant species and marine algae that live in shallow seawater of the open ocean and the littoral zone, along shorelines of the intertidal zone and coastal wetlands, even in low-salinity brackish water of estuaries.

Marine Botany and Sea-side Objects

It is a branch of marine biology and botany.

Marine Plant Classifications edit

There are five kingdoms that present-day classifications group organisms into: the Monera, Protist, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.

The Monera edit

Less than 2,000 species of bacteria occur in the marine environment out of the 100,000 species. Although this group of species is small, they play a tremendous role in energy transfer, mineral cycles, and organic turnover.[1] The monera differs from the four other kingdoms as "members of the Monera have a prokaryotic cytology in which the cells lack membrane-bound organelles such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, nuclei, and complex flagella."[1]

The bacteria can be divided into two major subkingdoms: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.

Eubacteria edit

Eubacteria include the only bacteria that contain chlorophyll a. Not only that, but Eubacteria are placed in the divisions of Cyanobacteria and Prochlorophyta.[1]

Characteristics of Eubacteria:

  1. They do not have any membrane-bound organelles.
  2. Most are enclosed by a cellular wall.[2]

Archaebacteria edit

Archaebacteria are a type of single-cell organism and have a number of characteristics not seen in more "modern" cell types.[3] These characteristics include:

  1. Unique cell membrane chemistry
  2. Unique gene transcription
  3. Capable of methanogenesis
  4. Differences in ribosomal RNA[3]

Types of Archaebacteria:

  1. Thermoproteota: Extremely heat-tolerant
  2. "Euryarchaeota": Able to survive in very salty habitats
  3. "Korarchaeota": The oldest lineage of archaebacteria[3]

Archaebacteria vs. Eubacteria edit

While both are prokaryotic, these organisms exist in different biological domains because of how genetically different they are. Some believe archaebacteria are some of the oldest forms of life on Earth while eubacteria arose later in evolutionary history. As eubacteria are found in almost all environments, archaebacteria have been pushed to only the most extreme environments. These extreme environments include: high salinity lakes, thermal hot springs, and deep within the Earth's crust.[2] Other differences include:

  1. While most eubacteria are susceptible to antibiotics, archaebacteria are not.
  2. Archaebacteria typically do not infect humans.
  3. While eubacteria have the ability to form spores to survive adverse conditions, archaebacteria do not have this ability.[2]

Kingdom Protist edit

The Protist kingdom contains species that have been categorized due to the simplicity of their structure and being unicellular. These include protozoa, algae and slime molds. In marine ecosystems, macroalgae and microalgae make up a large portion of the photosynthetic organisms found. The algae can be then further categorized based on these characteristics:

  • Storage products
  • Photosynthetic pigments
  • Chloroplast structure
  • Inclusions of the cell
  • Cell wall structure
  • Flagella structure
  • Cell division
  • Life history[1]

The algae in the Protist kingdom can be placed into three different categories of macroalgae/seaweeds—phaeophyta, rhodophyta or chlorophyta. The microalgae in these marine environments can be categorized into four varieties—pyrrhophyta, chrysophyta, euglenophyta or cryptophyta.[1]

Examples of the types of organisms found in the Protist Kingdom are red, green and brown algae.

Kingdom Plantae edit

The Plantae Kingdoms consists of angiosperms-plants that produce seeds or flower as a part of their reproductive system.[4] About 0.085% of the 300,000 Angiosperms believed to exist can be found in marine like environments.[1]

Some examples of what plants in this kingdom exist are mosses, ferns, seagrasses, mangroves, and salt marsh plants—the last three being the three major communities of angiosperms in marine waters.

Seagrasses are recognized as some of the most important member to marine communities. It is the only true submerged angiosperm and can help determine the state of an ecosystem.[1] Seagrass helps identify the conditions of an ecosystem, as the presence of this plant aids the environment by: Stabilizing the water's bottom, providing shelter and food for animals, and maintaining water quality.[5]

Marine ecology edit

Marine ecology and marine botany include:

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Dawes, Clinton J. (1998-02-27). Marine Botany. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-19208-4.
  2. ^ a b c Editors, B. D. (2016-11-25). "Eubacteria". Biology Dictionary. Retrieved 2020-11-23. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  3. ^ a b c Editors, B. D. (2016-11-05). "Archaebacteria". Biology Dictionary. Retrieved 2020-11-23. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  4. ^ Editors, B. D. (2016-10-30). "Angiosperm". Biology Dictionary. Retrieved 2020-11-23. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  5. ^ "Importance of Seagrass". Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission. Retrieved 2020-12-08.

marine, botany, study, flowering, vascular, plant, species, marine, algae, that, live, shallow, seawater, open, ocean, littoral, zone, along, shorelines, intertidal, zone, coastal, wetlands, even, salinity, brackish, water, estuaries, marine, botany, side, obj. Marine botany is the study of flowering vascular plant species and marine algae that live in shallow seawater of the open ocean and the littoral zone along shorelines of the intertidal zone and coastal wetlands even in low salinity brackish water of estuaries Marine Botany and Sea side Objects It is a branch of marine biology and botany Contents 1 Marine Plant Classifications 1 1 The Monera 1 1 1 Eubacteria 1 1 2 Archaebacteria 1 1 3 Archaebacteria vs Eubacteria 1 2 Kingdom Protist 1 3 Kingdom Plantae 2 Marine ecology 3 See also 4 ReferencesMarine Plant Classifications editThere are five kingdoms that present day classifications group organisms into the Monera Protist Plantae Fungi and Animalia The Monera edit Less than 2 000 species of bacteria occur in the marine environment out of the 100 000 species Although this group of species is small they play a tremendous role in energy transfer mineral cycles and organic turnover 1 The monera differs from the four other kingdoms as members of the Monera have a prokaryotic cytology in which the cells lack membrane bound organelles such as chloroplasts mitochondria nuclei and complex flagella 1 The bacteria can be divided into two major subkingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Eubacteria edit Eubacteria include the only bacteria that contain chlorophyll a Not only that but Eubacteria are placed in the divisions of Cyanobacteria and Prochlorophyta 1 Characteristics of Eubacteria They do not have any membrane bound organelles Most are enclosed by a cellular wall 2 Archaebacteria edit Archaebacteria are a type of single cell organism and have a number of characteristics not seen in more modern cell types 3 These characteristics include Unique cell membrane chemistry Unique gene transcription Capable of methanogenesis Differences in ribosomal RNA 3 Types of Archaebacteria Thermoproteota Extremely heat tolerant Euryarchaeota Able to survive in very salty habitats Korarchaeota The oldest lineage of archaebacteria 3 Archaebacteria vs Eubacteria edit While both are prokaryotic these organisms exist in different biological domains because of how genetically different they are Some believe archaebacteria are some of the oldest forms of life on Earth while eubacteria arose later in evolutionary history As eubacteria are found in almost all environments archaebacteria have been pushed to only the most extreme environments These extreme environments include high salinity lakes thermal hot springs and deep within the Earth s crust 2 Other differences include While most eubacteria are susceptible to antibiotics archaebacteria are not Archaebacteria typically do not infect humans While eubacteria have the ability to form spores to survive adverse conditions archaebacteria do not have this ability 2 Kingdom Protist edit The Protist kingdom contains species that have been categorized due to the simplicity of their structure and being unicellular These include protozoa algae and slime molds In marine ecosystems macroalgae and microalgae make up a large portion of the photosynthetic organisms found The algae can be then further categorized based on these characteristics Storage products Photosynthetic pigments Chloroplast structure Inclusions of the cell Cell wall structure Flagella structure Cell division Life history 1 The algae in the Protist kingdom can be placed into three different categories of macroalgae seaweeds phaeophyta rhodophyta or chlorophyta The microalgae in these marine environments can be categorized into four varieties pyrrhophyta chrysophyta euglenophyta or cryptophyta 1 Examples of the types of organisms found in the Protist Kingdom are red green and brown algae Kingdom Plantae edit The Plantae Kingdoms consists of angiosperms plants that produce seeds or flower as a part of their reproductive system 4 About 0 085 of the 300 000 Angiosperms believed to exist can be found in marine like environments 1 Some examples of what plants in this kingdom exist are mosses ferns seagrasses mangroves and salt marsh plants the last three being the three major communities of angiosperms in marine waters Seagrasses are recognized as some of the most important member to marine communities It is the only true submerged angiosperm and can help determine the state of an ecosystem 1 Seagrass helps identify the conditions of an ecosystem as the presence of this plant aids the environment by Stabilizing the water s bottom providing shelter and food for animals and maintaining water quality 5 Marine ecology editMarine ecology and marine botany include Benthic zone Coral reef Kelp forests Mangroves Phytoplankton Salt marsh Sea grass SeaweedSee also edit nbsp Marine life portal nbsp Oceans portalAquatic plants Aquatic ecology Aquatic Botany scientific journal Phycology study of algae Index Marine botany Marine primary productionReferences edit a b c d e f g Dawes Clinton J 1998 02 27 Marine Botany John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 0 471 19208 4 a b c Editors B D 2016 11 25 Eubacteria Biology Dictionary Retrieved 2020 11 23 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a last has generic name help a b c Editors B D 2016 11 05 Archaebacteria Biology Dictionary Retrieved 2020 11 23 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a last has generic name help Editors B D 2016 10 30 Angiosperm Biology Dictionary Retrieved 2020 11 23 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a last has generic name help Importance of Seagrass Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission Retrieved 2020 12 08 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marine plants Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marine botany amp oldid 1094105532, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.