Euryarchaeota (from Ancient Greekεὐρύς eurús, "broad, wide") is a phylum of archaea.[7] Euryarchaeota are highly diverse and include methanogens, which produce methane and are often found in intestines, halobacteria, which survive extreme concentrations of salt, and some extremely thermophilic aerobes and anaerobes, which generally live at temperatures between 41 and 122 °C. They are separated from the other archaeans based mainly on rRNA sequences and their unique DNA polymerase.[8]
Euryarchaeota
Halobacterium sp. strain NRC-1, each cell about 5 µm in length.
The Euryarchaeota are diverse in appearance and metabolic properties. The phylum contains organisms of a variety of shapes, including both rods and cocci. Euryarchaeota may appear either gram-positive or gram-negative depending on whether pseudomurein is present in the cell wall.[9]Euryarchaeota also demonstrate diverse lifestyles, including methanogens, halophiles, sulfate-reducers, and extreme thermophiles in each.[9] Others live in the ocean, suspended with plankton and bacteria. Although these marine euryarchaeota are difficult to culture and study in a lab, genomic sequencing suggests that they are motile heterotrophs.[10]
Though it was previously thought that euryarchaeota only lived in extreme environments (in terms of temperature, salt content and/or pH), a paper by Korzhenkov et al published in January 2019 showed that euryarchaeota also live in moderate environments, such as low-temperature acidic environments. In some cases, euryarchaeota outnumbered the bacteria present.[11] Euryarchaeota have also been found in other moderate environments such as water springs, marshlands, soil and rhizospheres.[12] Some euryarchaeota are highly adaptable; an order called Halobacteriales are usually found in extremely salty and sulfur-rich environments but can also grow in salt concentrations as low as that of seawater 2.5%.[12] In rhizospheres, the presence of euryarchaeota seems to be dependent on that of mycorrhizalfungi; a higher fungal population was correlated with higher euryarchaeotal frequency and diversity, while absence of mycorrihizal fungi was correlated with absence of euryarchaeota.[12]
Other phylogenetic analyzes have suggested that the archaea of the clade DPANN may also belong to Euryarchaeota and that they may even be a polyphyletic group occupying different phylogenetic positions within Euryarchaeota. It is also debated whether the phylum Altiarchaeota should be classified in DPANN or Euryarchaeota.[18] A cladogram summarizing this proposal is graphed below.[19][5] The groups marked in quotes are lineages assigned to DPANN, but phylogenetically separated from the rest.
^Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML (June 1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (12): 4576–9. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMC54159. PMID 2112744.
^Anja Spang, Eva F. Caceres, Thijs J. G. Ettema: Genomic exploration of the diversity, ecology, and evolution of the archaeal domain of life. In: Science Volume 357 Issue 6351, eaaf3883, 11 Aug 2017, doi:10.1126/science.aaf3883
^Sometines misspelled as Theinoarchaea: Catherine Badel, Gaël Erauso, Annika L. Gomez, Ryan Catchpole, Mathieu Gonnet, Jacques Oberto, Patrick Forterre, Violette Da Cunha: The global distribution and evolutionary history of the pT26‐2 archaeal plasmid family. In: environmental microbiology. sfam 10 Sep 2019. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.14800
^Petitjean, C.; Deschamps, P.; López-García, P.; Moreira, D. (2014). "Rooting the domain Archaea by phylogenomic analysis supports the foundation of the new kingdom Proteoarchaeota". Genome Biol. Evol. 7 (1): 191–204. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu274. PMC4316627. PMID 25527841.
^ abcCavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E-Yung (2020). "Multidomain ribosomal protein trees and the planctobacterial origin of neomura (Eukaryotes, archaebacteria)". Protoplasma. 257 (3): 621–753. doi:10.1007/s00709-019-01442-7. PMC7203096. PMID 31900730.
^Castelle CJ, Banfield JF. (2018). "Major New Microbial Groups Expand Diversity and Alter our Understanding of the Tree of Life". Cell. 172 (6): 1181–1197. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.016. PMID 29522741.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^Hogan CM (2010). E. Monosson, C. Cleveland (eds.). "Archaea". Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
^Lincoln SA, Wai B, Eppley JM, Church MJ, Summons RE, DeLong EF (July 2014). "Planktonic Euryarchaeota are a significant source of archaeal tetraether lipids in the ocean". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 111 (27): 9858–63. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.9858L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1409439111. PMC4103328. PMID 24946804.
^ abGarrity GM, Holt JG (2015). "Euryarchaeota phy. nov.". In Whitman WB (ed.). Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9781118960608. ISBN9781118960608.
^Iverson V, Morris RM, Frazar CD, Berthiaume CT, Morales RL, Armbrust EV (February 2012). "Untangling genomes from metagenomes: revealing an uncultured class of marine Euryarchaeota". Science. 335 (6068): 587–90. Bibcode:2012Sci...335..587I. doi:10.1126/science.1212665. PMID 22301318. S2CID 31381073.
^Korzhenkov AA, Toshchakov SV, Bargiela R, Gibbard H, Ferrer M, Teplyuk AV, Jones DL, Kublanov IV, Golyshin PN, Golyshina OV (January 2019). "Archaea dominate the microbial community in an ecosystem with low-to-moderate temperature and extreme acidity". Microbiome. 7 (1): 11. doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0623-8. PMC6350386. PMID 30691532.
^ abcBomberg M, Timonen S (October 2007). "Distribution of cren- and euryarchaeota in scots pine mycorrhizospheres and boreal forest humus". Microbial Ecology. 54 (3): 406–16. doi:10.1007/s00248-007-9232-3. PMID 17334967. S2CID 19425171.
^"LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 23 February 2021.
^"LTP_12_2021 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2021.
^ abNina Dombrowski, Jun-Hoe Lee, Tom A Williams, Pierre Offre, Anja Spang (2019). Genomic diversity, lifestyles and evolutionary origins of DPANN archaea. Nature.
^ abJordan T. Bird, Brett J. Baker, Alexander J. Probst, Mircea Podar, Karen G. Lloyd (2017). Culture Independent Genomic Comparisons Reveal Environmental Adaptations for Altiarchaeales. Frontiers.
Cavalier-Smith T (January 2002). "The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52 (Pt 1): 7–76. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7. PMID 11837318.
Woese CR, Gupta R, Hahn CM, Zillig W, Tu J (1984). "The phylogenetic relationships of three sulfur dependent archaebacteria". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 5: 97–105. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(84)80054-5. PMID 11541975.
Garrity GM, Holt JG (2001). "Phylum AII. Euryarchaeota phy. nov.". In DR Boone, RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 169. ISBN978-0-387-98771-2.
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January 31, 2023
euryarchaeota, from, ancient, greek, εὐρύς, eurús, broad, wide, phylum, archaea, highly, diverse, include, methanogens, which, produce, methane, often, found, intestines, halobacteria, which, survive, extreme, concentrations, salt, some, extremely, thermophili. Euryarchaeota from Ancient Greek eὐrys eurus broad wide is a phylum of archaea 7 Euryarchaeota are highly diverse and include methanogens which produce methane and are often found in intestines halobacteria which survive extreme concentrations of salt and some extremely thermophilic aerobes and anaerobes which generally live at temperatures between 41 and 122 C They are separated from the other archaeans based mainly on rRNA sequences and their unique DNA polymerase 8 EuryarchaeotaHalobacterium sp strain NRC 1 each cell about 5 µm in length Scientific classificationDomain ArchaeaKingdom EuryarchaeotaWoese Kandler amp Wheelis 1990 1 Phyla 6 Hydrothermarchaeota Hadarchaeota Methanobacteriota Thermoplasmatota Halobacteriota Theionarchaea 2 3 DPANN 4 5 Synonymsnon Euryarchaeota s s Garrity and Holt 2002 Euryarchaeida Luketa 2012 Methaneocreatrices Margulis amp Schwartz 1982 Contents 1 Description 2 Phylogeny 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksDescription EditThe Euryarchaeota are diverse in appearance and metabolic properties The phylum contains organisms of a variety of shapes including both rods and cocci Euryarchaeota may appear either gram positive or gram negative depending on whether pseudomurein is present in the cell wall 9 Euryarchaeota also demonstrate diverse lifestyles including methanogens halophiles sulfate reducers and extreme thermophiles in each 9 Others live in the ocean suspended with plankton and bacteria Although these marine euryarchaeota are difficult to culture and study in a lab genomic sequencing suggests that they are motile heterotrophs 10 Though it was previously thought that euryarchaeota only lived in extreme environments in terms of temperature salt content and or pH a paper by Korzhenkov et al published in January 2019 showed that euryarchaeota also live in moderate environments such as low temperature acidic environments In some cases euryarchaeota outnumbered the bacteria present 11 Euryarchaeota have also been found in other moderate environments such as water springs marshlands soil and rhizospheres 12 Some euryarchaeota are highly adaptable an order called Halobacteriales are usually found in extremely salty and sulfur rich environments but can also grow in salt concentrations as low as that of seawater 2 5 12 In rhizospheres the presence of euryarchaeota seems to be dependent on that of mycorrhizal fungi a higher fungal population was correlated with higher euryarchaeotal frequency and diversity while absence of mycorrihizal fungi was correlated with absence of euryarchaeota 12 Phylogeny EditThe currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature LPSN 13 and National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI 14 16S rRNA based LTP 12 2021 15 16 17 Dombrowski et al 2019 18 Jordan et al 2017 19 and Cavalier Smith2020 5 Archaea MethanopyriTACK NitrososphaerotaThermoproteotaEuryarchaeota MethanococciThermoplasmataArchaeoglobiThermococciMethanobacteriaMethanonatronarchaeiaMethanomicrobiaHalobacteria Other phylogenetic analyzes have suggested that the archaea of the clade DPANN may also belong to Euryarchaeota and that they may even be a polyphyletic group occupying different phylogenetic positions within Euryarchaeota It is also debated whether the phylum Altiarchaeota should be classified in DPANN or Euryarchaeota 18 A cladogram summarizing this proposal is graphed below 19 5 The groups marked in quotes are lineages assigned to DPANN but phylogenetically separated from the rest Archaea Euryarchaeota ThermococciHadesarchaeaMethanobacteriaMethanopyriMethanococciThermoplasmataArchaeoglobiMethanomicrobia Nanohaloarchaeota Haloarchaea Altiarchaeota DPANN DiapherotritesMicrarchaeotaUndinarchaeotaAenigmarchaeotaNanoarchaeotaParvarchaeotaMamarchaeotaPacearchaeotaWoesearchaeotaProteoarchaeota TACKAsgard LokiarchaeotaOdinarchaeotaThorarchaeotaHeimdallarchaeota a Proteobacteria EukaryotaA third phylogeny 53 marker proteins based GTDB 07 RS207 20 21 22 Archaea DPANN Proteoarchaeota TACK Asgardaeota Euryarchaeida Hadarchaeota Hadarchaeia SAGMEG Acherontia Thermococci Methanomada Methanobacteriota A MethanopyriMethanococciHydrothermarchaeota Hydrothermarchaeia MBG E Methanobacteriota Methanobacteria Class I Methanogens Neoeuryarchaeota Thermoplasmatota Izemarchaea Pontarchaea MGIII Poseidoniia MGII 23 Thermoplasmata Halobacteriota Methanoliparia Archaeoglobi Syntropharchaeia ANME 1 ANME 2 Methanocellia Methanosarcinia Methanomicrobia Methanonatronarchaeia SA1 Halobacteria Class II Methanogens Euryarchaeota s s See also EditArchaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms ARMAN MoneraReferences Edit Woese CR Kandler O Wheelis ML June 1990 Towards a natural system of organisms proposal for the domains Archaea Bacteria and Eucarya Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 12 4576 9 Bibcode 1990PNAS 87 4576W doi 10 1073 pnas 87 12 4576 PMC 54159 PMID 2112744 Anja Spang Eva F Caceres Thijs J G Ettema Genomic exploration of the diversity ecology and evolution of the archaeal domain of life In Science Volume 357 Issue 6351 eaaf3883 11 Aug 2017 doi 10 1126 science aaf3883 Sometines misspelled as Theinoarchaea Catherine Badel Gael Erauso Annika L Gomez Ryan Catchpole Mathieu Gonnet Jacques Oberto Patrick Forterre Violette Da Cunha The global distribution and evolutionary history of the pT26 2 archaeal plasmid family In environmental microbiology sfam 10 Sep 2019 doi 10 1111 1462 2920 14800 Petitjean C Deschamps P Lopez Garcia P Moreira D 2014 Rooting the domain Archaea by phylogenomic analysis supports the foundation of the new kingdom Proteoarchaeota Genome Biol Evol 7 1 191 204 doi 10 1093 gbe evu274 PMC 4316627 PMID 25527841 a b c Cavalier Smith Thomas Chao Ema E Yung 2020 Multidomain ribosomal protein trees and the planctobacterial origin of neomura Eukaryotes archaebacteria Protoplasma 257 3 621 753 doi 10 1007 s00709 019 01442 7 PMC 7203096 PMID 31900730 Castelle CJ Banfield JF 2018 Major New Microbial Groups Expand Diversity and Alter our Understanding of the Tree of Life Cell 172 6 1181 1197 doi 10 1016 j cell 2018 02 016 PMID 29522741 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Hogan CM 2010 E Monosson C Cleveland eds Archaea Encyclopedia of Earth National Council for Science and the Environment Retrieved 18 August 2017 Lincoln SA Wai B Eppley JM Church MJ Summons RE DeLong EF July 2014 Planktonic Euryarchaeota are a significant source of archaeal tetraether lipids in the ocean Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111 27 9858 63 Bibcode 2014PNAS 111 9858L doi 10 1073 pnas 1409439111 PMC 4103328 PMID 24946804 a b Garrity GM Holt JG 2015 Euryarchaeota phy nov In Whitman WB ed Bergey s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria John Wiley amp Sons doi 10 1002 9781118960608 ISBN 9781118960608 Iverson V Morris RM Frazar CD Berthiaume CT Morales RL Armbrust EV February 2012 Untangling genomes from metagenomes revealing an uncultured class of marine Euryarchaeota Science 335 6068 587 90 Bibcode 2012Sci 335 587I doi 10 1126 science 1212665 PMID 22301318 S2CID 31381073 Korzhenkov AA Toshchakov SV Bargiela R Gibbard H Ferrer M Teplyuk AV Jones DL Kublanov IV Golyshin PN Golyshina OV January 2019 Archaea dominate the microbial community in an ecosystem with low to moderate temperature and extreme acidity Microbiome 7 1 11 doi 10 1186 s40168 019 0623 8 PMC 6350386 PMID 30691532 a b c Bomberg M Timonen S October 2007 Distribution of cren and euryarchaeota in scots pine mycorrhizospheres and boreal forest humus Microbial Ecology 54 3 406 16 doi 10 1007 s00248 007 9232 3 PMID 17334967 S2CID 19425171 Euzeby JP Euryarchaeota List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature LPSN Archived from the original on 2017 08 09 Retrieved 2017 08 09 Sayers et al Euryarchaeota Taxonomy Browser National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI taxonomy database Retrieved 2017 08 09 The LTP Retrieved 23 February 2021 LTP all tree in newick format Retrieved 23 February 2021 LTP 12 2021 Release Notes PDF Retrieved 23 February 2021 a b Nina Dombrowski Jun Hoe Lee Tom A Williams Pierre Offre Anja Spang 2019 Genomic diversity lifestyles and evolutionary origins of DPANN archaea Nature a b Jordan T Bird Brett J Baker Alexander J Probst Mircea Podar Karen G Lloyd 2017 Culture Independent Genomic Comparisons Reveal Environmental Adaptations for Altiarchaeales Frontiers GTDB release 07 RS207 Genome Taxonomy Database Retrieved 20 June 2022 ar53 r207 sp label Genome Taxonomy Database Retrieved 20 June 2022 Taxon History Genome Taxonomy Database Retrieved 20 June 2022 NCBI Candidatus Poseidoniia class Further reading EditCavalier Smith T January 2002 The neomuran origin of archaebacteria the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52 Pt 1 7 76 doi 10 1099 00207713 52 1 7 PMID 11837318 Woese CR Gupta R Hahn CM Zillig W Tu J 1984 The phylogenetic relationships of three sulfur dependent archaebacteria Systematic and Applied Microbiology 5 97 105 doi 10 1016 S0723 2020 84 80054 5 PMID 11541975 Garrity GM Holt JG 2001 Phylum AII Euryarchaeota phy nov In DR Boone RW Castenholz eds Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1 The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria 2nd ed New York Springer Verlag pp 169 ISBN 978 0 387 98771 2 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euryarchaeota PubMed references for Euryarchaeota PubMed Central references for Euryarchaeota Google Scholar references for Euryarchaeota Comparative Analysis of Euryarchaeota Genomes at DOE s IMG system 1NCBI taxonomy page for Euryarchaeota Search Tree of Life taxonomy pages for Euryarchaeota Search Species2000 page for Euryarchaeota MicrobeWiki page for Euryarchaeota Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Euryarchaeota amp oldid 1127331310, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
