Manuchihr III of Shirvan
Manuchihr III (also spelled Minuchihr; Persian: منوچهر, romanized: Manuchehr) was the Shirvanshah from 1120 to sometime after 1160. He was the son and successor of Afridun I (r. 1106–1120).
| Manuchihr III | |
|---|---|
| Shirvanshah Khaqan-e Kabir | |
Coin of Manuchihr III, minted at Shamakhi between 1120–1160 | |
| Shirvanshah | |
| Reign | 1120 – after 1160 |
| Predecessor | Afridun I |
| Successor | Akhsitan I |
| Born | 1091–1097 |
| Died | after 1160 |
| Spouse | Tamar |
| Issue | Akhsitan I Farrukhzad I Shahanshah Afridun II Two unnamed daughters |
| Dynasty | Kasranids |
| Father | Afridun I |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
He was born between 1091 and 1097. Between 1110 and 1117, he was married to the Georgian princess Tamar of the Bagrationi dynasty.[1] Together they had four sons (Akhsitan I, Afridun II, Shahanshah and Farrukhzad I) and two unnamed daughters.[2] Following Manuchihr III's death, Tamar went back to Georgia, where she became a nun.[3]
During this period in Shirvanshah historiography, the names and family ties of the Shirvanshahs become exceedingly convoluted and uncertain, with the 17th-century Ottoman historian Munejjim-bashi (died 1702) only providing an incomplete of them, starting with Manuchihr, whom he calls "Shah Manuchihr ibn Kasran". Sources now start referring to the ruling Yazidi family as the "Kasranids" or "Khaqanids". Besides using the title of Shirvanshah, Manuchihr III also used the title of Khaqan-e Kabir ("Great Khan"), which was the inspiration behind the takhallus (pen name) of his eulogist, Khaqani.[4]
It has been proposed that Manuchihr III may have divided his kingdom amongst his sons upon his death,[5] due to coin mints demonstrating the coinciding reign of Akhsitan I, Shahanshah, Afridun II and his son Fariburz II.[6] Afridun II and Fariburz II may have ruled in the western part of the kingdom,[7] while coin mints of Shahanshah demonstrate that he was based in Shamakhi. However, the latter has also been suggested to have been the successor of Akhsitan I.[5]
References
- ^ Hasan 1929, p. 13.
- ^ Gould 2022, pp. 165–166.
- ^ Minorsky 1958, p. 136.
- ^ Bosworth 2011.
- ^ a b Kouymjian 1969, p. 188.
- ^ Kouymjian 1969, pp. 184–194.
- ^ Kouymjian 1969, p. 193.
Sources
- Beelaert, Anna Livia (2010). "Ḵāqāni Šervāni". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XV/5: Ḵamsa of Jamāli–Karim Devona. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 522–523. ISBN 978-1-934283-28-8.
- Bosworth, C. E. (2011). "Šervānšāhs". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- de Blois, Francois (2004). Persian Literature - A Bio-Bibliographical Survey: Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period (Volume V). Routledge. ISBN 978-0947593476.
- Gould, Rebecca Ruth (2016). "Wearing the Belt of Oppression: Khāqāni's Christian Qasida and the Prison Poetry of Medieval Shirvān". Journal of Persianate Studies. 9 (1): 19–44. doi:10.1163/18747167-12341296.
- Gould, Rebecca Ruth (2022). The Persian Prison Poem. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1474484015.
- Hasan, Hadi (1929). Falaki-i-Shirwani: His Times, Life, and Works. University of London.
- Hasan, Hadi (1965). "Falakī S̲h̲irwānī". In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume II: C–G (2nd ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 764. OCLC 495469475.
- Kouymjian, Dickran (1969). A Numismatic History of Southeastern Caucasia and Adharbayjan based on the Islamic Coinage of the 5th/11th to the 7th/13th Centuries. Columbia University.
- Minorsky, V. (1945). "Khāqānī and Andronicus Comnenus". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 11 (3): 550–578. doi:10.1017/S0041977X0007227X. JSTOR 609336.
- Minorsky, Vladimir (1958). A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd.
- Sajjadi, Z. (1984). "Aḵestān". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume I/7: Ahriman–Alafrank. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 718–719. ISBN 978-0-71009-096-6.