Manara, Israel
Menara (official name, Hebrew: מְנָרָה, pronounced Menará), popularly known as Manara, is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located on the Ramim Ridge of the Naftali Mountains, Upper Galilee, adjacent to the Lebanese border and overlooking the Hula Valley, it falls under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 284.[1]
Menara מְנָרָה | |
|---|---|
Menara | |
| Coordinates: 33°11′45″N 35°32′40″E / 33.19583°N 35.54444°E | |
| Country | Israel |
| District | Northern |
| Council | Upper Galilee |
| Affiliation | Kibbutz Movement |
| Founded | 1943 |
| Founded by | German and Polish Jews and HaNoar HaOved members |
| Population (2022)[1] | 284 |
| Website | www |
History edit
The village was formerly inhabited by Arabs, when it was known as Kh el Menarah.[2] In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as "ruins of a modern Arab village, several rock-cut cisterns, and one wine-press"[3]
In the 1940s, 2538 dunams of land were purchased by the Jewish National Fund from Asa'ad Bey Khuri of Beirut.[4]
The kibbutz was established in 1943 by members of the HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed youth group and young immigrants from Germany and Poland. Leon Uris used an incident from the history of the kibbutz in his novel, Exodus. The scene of the night hike with the children from Gan Dafna as the kibbutz faced attack was based on the war-time transport of the children of Kibbutz Manara from the mountaintop to what was presumed to be a safer place on the valley floor.[5]
In June 1948 the kibbutz requested land from the newly depopulated Palestinian village of Qadas, as it was "suitable for winter crops."[6]
Former Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin's sister Rachel Ya'akov was a founding member.[7]
As Manara lies less than 100 metres from the Lebanese border, problems have arisen during fighting between the two countries. The Menara bypass project was completed in 2005 to provide safe access to the kibbutz.
Manara is boasted to be 888 metres above sea level and is a rare style for a kibbutz, with apartments providing the accommodation, due to the limited space.[citation needed]
2023 Israel–Hamas war edit
In the 2023 conflict between Hamas and Israel, Hezbollah targeted northern Israeli border communities, forcing evacuations, including in Bar'am. [8]
On October 19, at least two anti-tank missiles were fired from Lebanese territory, hitting Manara without causing any casualties.[9]
- Manara under construction 1944
- Manara barracks 1944
- Manara 1944
- Manara 1944
- Manara 1947
- Yiftach Brigade bringing supplies to Kibbutz Manara. 1948
- Bulgarian Company of Yiftach Brigade with a convoy to Manara. 1948
Economy edit
Manara's main industries are agriculture (primarily cotton fields, apples and chickens), tourism to the scenic cliffs via its cable cars descending from the Upper Manara Cliff down to Kiryat Shmona in the valley below,[10] and a technical glass manufacturing plant.
Notable people edit
- Rachel Rabin-Yaakov, sister of Yitzhak Rabin[11]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ meaning: "the ruin of the lighthouse", according to Palmer, 1881, p. 27
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 120
- ^ Avneri, 1984, p. 203
- ^ Leon Uris: Life of a Best Seller, Ira B. Nadel
- ^ Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. p. 363, note #130, p. 402. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- ^ Veteran kibbutz goes private Israel HaYom, 12 August 2011
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel. "IDF to evacuate civilians from 28 communities along Lebanese border amid attacks". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
- ^ "Israel says border village Manara shelled from Lebanon". France 24. 2023-10-19. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
- ^ "Manara Cliff", at the Amirim website
- ^ Sister of Yitzhak Rabin, Rachel Rabin, to be awarded Rothberg Prize. Hebrew University (7 June 2009). Accessed 21 June 2022.
Bibliography edit
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
External links edit
- Official website (in Hebrew)
- Manara cable car website 2009-01-29 at the Wayback Machine
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 2: IAA, Wikimedia commons