This article's lead sectionmay be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article.(July 2023)
Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic storage made of a thin, magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. It was developed in Germany in 1928, based on the earlier magnetic wire recording from Denmark. Devices that use magnetic tape could with relative ease record and playback audio, visual, and binary computer data.
7-inch reel of ¼-inch-wide audio recording tape, typical of consumer use in the 1950s–70s.
Magnetic tape revolutionized sound recording and reproduction and broadcasting. It allowed radio, which had always been broadcast live, to be recorded for later or repeated airing. Since the early 1950s, magnetic tape has been used with computers to store large quantities of data and is still used for backup purposes.
Magnetic tape begins to degrade after 10–20 years and therefore is not an ideal medium for long-term archival storage.[1]
While good for short-term use, magnetic tape is highly prone to disintegration. Depending on the environment, this process may begin after 10–20 years.[1]
Over time, magnetic tape made in the 1970s and 1980s can suffer from a type of deterioration called sticky-shed syndrome. It is caused by hydrolysis of the binder in the tape and can render the tape unusable.[2]
Successorsedit
Since the introduction of magnetic tape, other technologies have been developed that can perform the same functions, and therefore, replace it. Despite this, technological innovation continues. As of 2014[update]Sony and IBM continue to advance tape capacity.[3]
Magnetic tape was invented for recording sound by Fritz Pfleumer in 1928 in Germany.[4]
Because of escalating political tensions and the outbreak of World War II, these developments in Germany were largely kept secret. Although the Allies knew from their monitoring of Nazi radio broadcasts that the Germans had some new form of recording technology, its nature was not discovered until the Allies acquired German recording equipment as they invaded Europe at the end of the war.[5] It was only after the war that Americans, particularly Jack Mullin, John Herbert Orr, and Richard H. Ranger, were able to bring this technology out of Germany and develop it into commercially viable formats. Bing Crosby, an early adopter of the technology, made a large investment in the tape hardware manufacturer Ampex.[6]
A wide variety of audiotape recorders and formats have been developed since. Some magnetic tape-based formats include:
A VHS helical scan head drum. Helical and transverse scans made it possible to increase the data bandwidth to the necessary point for recording video on tapes, and not just audio.
Magnetic tape was first used to record computer data in 1951 on the Eckert-Mauchly UNIVAC I. The system's UNISERVO I tape drive used a thin strip of one-half-inch (12.65 mm) wide metal, consisting of nickel-plated bronze (called Vicalloy). The recording density was 100 characters per inch (39.37 characters/cm) on eight tracks.[7]
In 2014, Sony and IBM announced that they had been able to record 148 gigabits per square inch with magnetic-tape media developed using a new vacuum thin-film forming technology able to form extremely fine crystal particles, allowing true tape capacity of 185 TB.[3][9]
Print-through – Transfer of content between magnetic tape layers
Notesedit
Referencesedit
^ abPogue, David (1 September 2016). "Digitize Those Memory-Filled Cassettes before They Disintegrate". Scientific American. from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
^"Magnetic Materials" (PDF). Memory of the World: Safeguarding the Documentary Heritage. A guide to Standards, Recommended Practices and Reference Literature Related to the Preservation of Documents of All Kinds. UNESCO. 1998. CII.98/WS/4. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
^ ab. Sony Global. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
^Eric D. Daniel; C. Denis Mee; Mark H. Clark (1998). Magnetic Recording: The First 100 Years. Wiley-IEEE. ISBN0-7803-4709-9.
^"BBC World Service - The Documentary Podcast, A History of Music and Technology: Sound Recording". BBC. 18 June 2019. from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
^Fenster, J.M. (Fall 1994). . Invention & Technology. Archived from the original on 4 April 2011.
^Welsh, H. F. & Lukoff, H (1952). (PDF). American Federation of Information Processing Societies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
^(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
^Fingas, Jon (4 May 2014). "Sony's 185TB data tape puts your hard drive to shame". Engadget. from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
magnetic, tape, this, article, lead, section, short, adequately, summarize, points, please, consider, expanding, lead, provide, accessible, overview, important, aspects, article, july, 2023, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, he. This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article July 2023 This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Magnetic tape news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic storage made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long narrow strip of plastic film It was developed in Germany in 1928 based on the earlier magnetic wire recording from Denmark Devices that use magnetic tape could with relative ease record and playback audio visual and binary computer data 7 inch reel of inch wide audio recording tape typical of consumer use in the 1950s 70s Magnetic tape revolutionized sound recording and reproduction and broadcasting It allowed radio which had always been broadcast live to be recorded for later or repeated airing Since the early 1950s magnetic tape has been used with computers to store large quantities of data and is still used for backup purposes Magnetic tape begins to degrade after 10 20 years and therefore is not an ideal medium for long term archival storage 1 Contents 1 Durability 2 Successors 3 Uses 3 1 Audio 3 2 Video 3 3 Computer data 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksDurability editSee also Preservation of magnetic audiotape While good for short term use magnetic tape is highly prone to disintegration Depending on the environment this process may begin after 10 20 years 1 Over time magnetic tape made in the 1970s and 1980s can suffer from a type of deterioration called sticky shed syndrome It is caused by hydrolysis of the binder in the tape and can render the tape unusable 2 Successors editSince the introduction of magnetic tape other technologies have been developed that can perform the same functions and therefore replace it Despite this technological innovation continues As of 2014 update Sony and IBM continue to advance tape capacity 3 Uses editAudio edit nbsp Compact CassetteMain article audio tape recorder Magnetic tape was invented for recording sound by Fritz Pfleumer in 1928 in Germany 4 Because of escalating political tensions and the outbreak of World War II these developments in Germany were largely kept secret Although the Allies knew from their monitoring of Nazi radio broadcasts that the Germans had some new form of recording technology its nature was not discovered until the Allies acquired German recording equipment as they invaded Europe at the end of the war 5 It was only after the war that Americans particularly Jack Mullin John Herbert Orr and Richard H Ranger were able to bring this technology out of Germany and develop it into commercially viable formats Bing Crosby an early adopter of the technology made a large investment in the tape hardware manufacturer Ampex 6 A wide variety of audiotape recorders and formats have been developed since Some magnetic tape based formats include Reel to reel Fidelipac Stereo Pak Muntz Stereo Pak commonly known as the 4 track cartridge Perforated sprocketed film audio magnetic tape sepmag perfotape sound follower tape magnetic film 8 track tape Compact Cassette Elcaset RCA tape cartridge Mini Cassette Microcassette Picocassette NT cassette ProDigi Digital Audio Stationary Head Digital Audio Tape Digital Compact CassetteVideo edit nbsp A VHS helical scan head drum Helical and transverse scans made it possible to increase the data bandwidth to the necessary point for recording video on tapes and not just audio Main article Videotape Some magnetic tape based formats include Quadruplex videotape Ampex 2 inch helical VTR Type A videotape IVC videotape format Type B videotape Type C videotape EIAJ 1 U matic UniHi Video Cassette Recording Cartrivision VHS VHS C S VHS Digital S W VHS D VHS Video 2000 V Cord VX videocassette format Betamax Compact Video Cassette Betacam Betacam SP Digital Betacam Betacam SX MPEG IMX HDCAM HDCAM SR M videocassette format MII videocassette format D 1 Sony DCT videocassette format D 2 video D 3 video D5 HD D6 HDTV VTR Video8 Hi8 Digital8 DV MiniDV DVCAM DVCPRO DVCPRO50 DVCPRO Progressive DVCPRO HD HDV MicroMV Computer data edit nbsp Small open reel of 9 track tapeMain article Magnetic tape data storage nbsp On scale comparison of an LTO Ultrium Exatape DSS 3 and D CAS cartridgesMagnetic tape was first used to record computer data in 1951 on the Eckert Mauchly UNIVAC I The system s UNISERVO I tape drive used a thin strip of one half inch 12 65 mm wide metal consisting of nickel plated bronze called Vicalloy The recording density was 100 characters per inch 39 37 characters cm on eight tracks 7 In 2002 Imation received a US 11 9 million grant from the U S National Institute of Standards and Technology for research into increasing the data capacity of magnetic tape 8 In 2014 Sony and IBM announced that they had been able to record 148 gigabits per square inch with magnetic tape media developed using a new vacuum thin film forming technology able to form extremely fine crystal particles allowing true tape capacity of 185 TB 3 9 See also editAnalog recording Magnetic developer Print through Transfer of content between magnetic tape layersNotes editReferences edit a b Pogue David 1 September 2016 Digitize Those Memory Filled Cassettes before They Disintegrate Scientific American Archived from the original on 19 August 2016 Retrieved 26 July 2022 Magnetic Materials PDF Memory of the World Safeguarding the Documentary Heritage A guide to Standards Recommended Practices and Reference Literature Related to the Preservation of Documents of All Kinds UNESCO 1998 CII 98 WS 4 Retrieved 12 December 2017 a b Sony develops magnetic tape technology with the world s highest 1 areal recording density of 148 Gb in2 Sony Global Archived from the original on 5 May 2014 Retrieved 4 May 2014 Eric D Daniel C Denis Mee Mark H Clark 1998 Magnetic Recording The First 100 Years Wiley IEEE ISBN 0 7803 4709 9 BBC World Service The Documentary Podcast A History of Music and Technology Sound Recording BBC 18 June 2019 Archived from the original on 1 July 2019 Retrieved 1 July 2019 Fenster J M Fall 1994 How Bing Crosby Brought You Audiotape Invention amp Technology Archived from the original on 4 April 2011 Welsh H F amp Lukoff H 1952 The Uniservo Tape Reader and Recorder PDF American Federation of Information Processing Societies Archived from the original PDF on 25 February 2015 Retrieved 21 January 2019 The Future of Tape Containing the Information Explosion PDF Archived from the original PDF on 13 December 2017 Retrieved 12 December 2017 Fingas Jon 4 May 2014 Sony s 185TB data tape puts your hard drive to shame Engadget Archived from the original on 3 May 2014 Retrieved 4 May 2014 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tape category History of Tape Recording Technology The Museum of Obsolete Media Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Magnetic tape amp oldid 1189740126, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
