Magnesium stearate is the chemical compound with the formula Mg(C 18H 35O 2) 2. It is a soap, consisting of salt containing two equivalents of stearate (the anion of stearic acid) and one magnesium cation (Mg2+). Magnesium stearate is a white, water-insoluble powder. Its applications exploit its softness, insolubility in many solvents, and low toxicity. It is used as a release agent and as a component or lubricant in the production of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.[1]
Magnesium stearate is produced by the reaction of sodium stearate with magnesium salts or by treating magnesium oxide with stearic acid.[1][2]
Uses
Magnesium stearate is often used as an anti-adherent[3] in the manufacture of medical tablets, capsules and powders.[4] In this regard, the substance is also useful because it has lubricating properties, preventing ingredients from sticking to manufacturing equipment during the compression of chemical powders into solid tablets; magnesium stearate is the most commonly used lubricant for tablets.[5] However, it might cause lower wettability and slower disintegration of the tablets and slower and even lower dissolution of the drug.[6]
Magnesium stearate can also be used efficiently in dry coating processes.[7][8][9]
In the production of pressed candies, magnesium stearate serves as a release agent. It is also used to bind sugar in hard candies such as mints.[10]
Magnesium stearate is a common ingredient in baby formulas.[11]
In the EU and EFTA it is listed as food additive E470b.
Occurrence
Magnesium stearate is a major component of bathtub rings[citation needed]. When produced by soap and hard water, magnesium stearate and calcium stearate both form a white solid insoluble in water, and are collectively known as soap scum.
Safety
Magnesium stearate is generally considered safe for human consumption at levels below 2500 mg per kg of body weight per day[12] and is classified in the United States as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). In 1979, the FDA's Subcommittee on GRAS Substances (SCOGS) reported, "There is no evidence in the available information on ... magnesium stearate ... that demonstrates, or suggests reasonable grounds to suspect, a hazard to the public when they are used at levels that are now current and in the manner now practiced, or which might reasonably be expected in the future."[13]
References
^ abAngelo Nora, Alfred Szczepanek, Gunther Koenen, "Metallic Soaps" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_361
^A. G. Dobson and H. H. Hatt (1953). "Stearone". Organic Syntheses. 33: 84. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.033.0084.
^Ritter, Steve (2008). "What's That Stuff? Excipients: Inactive ingredients in medicines serve multiple functions in drug delivery". Chemical & Engineering News. 86 (1): 25. doi:10.1021/cen-v086n001.p025.
^Sworbrick, James; Boylan, James C. (1990). Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical technology. p. 2274. ISBN9780824728243.
^Weiner, Myra L.; Kotkoskie, Lois A. (1999). Excipient Toxicity and Safety. p. 10. ISBN9780824782108.
^Demuth; et al. (2017). "Investigation of Deteriorated Dissolution of Amorphous Itraconazole: Description of Incompatibility with Magnesium Stearate and Possible Solutions". Molecular Pharmaceutics. 14 (11): 3927–3934. doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00629. PMID 28972782.
^Ouabbas Y, Dodds J., Galet L., Chamayou A. , Baron M. (2009). "Particle-particle coating in a cyclomix impact mixer" (PDF). Powder Technol. 189 (2): 245–252. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2008.04.031.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Thomas G., Ouabbas Y., Grosseau P., Baron M., Chamayou A., Galet L. (2009). "Modeling the main interaction forces between powder particles. Application to silica gel-magnesium stearate mixtures". Applied Surface Science. 255 (17): 7500–7507. Bibcode:2009ApSS..255.7500T. CiteSeerX10.1.1.591.1899. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.03.099.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Sato A., Serris E., Grosseau P., Thomas G., Galet L., Chamayou A. , Baron M. (2013). "Experiment and simulation of dry particle coating" (PDF). Chem. Eng. Science. 86: 164–172. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2012.07.037.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Erich Lück and Gert-Wolfhard von Rymon Lipinski (2002). "Foods, 3. Food Additives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_561. ISBN978-3527306732.
^Søndergaarda, D.; Meyera, O.; Würtzena, G. (1980). "Magnesium stearate given peroprally to rats. A short term study". Toxicology. 17 (1): 51–55. doi:10.1016/0300-483X(80)90026-8. PMID 7434368.
magnesium, stearate, chemical, compound, with, formula, soap, consisting, salt, containing, equivalents, stearate, anion, stearic, acid, magnesium, cation, white, water, insoluble, powder, applications, exploit, softness, insolubility, many, solvents, toxicity. Magnesium stearate is the chemical compound with the formula Mg C18 H35 O2 2 It is a soap consisting of salt containing two equivalents of stearate the anion of stearic acid and one magnesium cation Mg2 Magnesium stearate is a white water insoluble powder Its applications exploit its softness insolubility in many solvents and low toxicity It is used as a release agent and as a component or lubricant in the production of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics 1 Magnesium stearate NamesIUPAC name Magnesium octadecanoateIdentifiersCAS Number 557 04 0 Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChEBI CHEBI 9254 YChemSpider 10704 Y CH ECHA InfoCard 100 008 320E number E572 acidity regulators PubChem CID 11177UNII 70097M6I30 YCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID2027208InChI InChI 1S 2C18H36O2 Mg c2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 h2 2 17H2 1H3 H 19 20 q 2 p 2 YKey HQKMJHAJHXVSDF UHFFFAOYSA L YInChI 1 2C18H36O2 Mg c2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 h2 2 17H2 1H3 H 19 20 q 2 p 2Key HQKMJHAJHXVSDF NUQVWONBAMSMILES Mg 2 O C O CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC O C O CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCPropertiesChemical formula Mg C18 H35 O2 2Molar mass 591 27 g molAppearance light white powderOdor slightDensity 1 026 g cm3Melting point 88 5 C 191 3 F 361 6 K Solubility in water 0 003 g 100 mL 15 C 0 004 g 100 mL 25 C 0 008 g 100 mL 50 C Solubility negligible in ether and alcohol slightly soluble in benzeneHazardsNFPA 704 fire diamond 110Flash point 250 C 482 F 523 K Lethal dose or concentration LD LC LD50 median dose gt 1000 mg kg oral rat Safety data sheet SDS External MSDSExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Y verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Manufacturing 2 Uses 3 Occurrence 4 Safety 5 ReferencesManufacturing EditMagnesium stearate is produced by the reaction of sodium stearate with magnesium salts or by treating magnesium oxide with stearic acid 1 2 Uses EditMagnesium stearate is often used as an anti adherent 3 in the manufacture of medical tablets capsules and powders 4 In this regard the substance is also useful because it has lubricating properties preventing ingredients from sticking to manufacturing equipment during the compression of chemical powders into solid tablets magnesium stearate is the most commonly used lubricant for tablets 5 However it might cause lower wettability and slower disintegration of the tablets and slower and even lower dissolution of the drug 6 Magnesium stearate can also be used efficiently in dry coating processes 7 8 9 In the production of pressed candies magnesium stearate serves as a release agent It is also used to bind sugar in hard candies such as mints 10 Magnesium stearate is a common ingredient in baby formulas 11 In the EU and EFTA it is listed as food additive E470b Occurrence EditMagnesium stearate is a major component of bathtub rings citation needed When produced by soap and hard water magnesium stearate and calcium stearate both form a white solid insoluble in water and are collectively known as soap scum Safety EditMagnesium stearate is generally considered safe for human consumption at levels below 2500 mg per kg of body weight per day 12 and is classified in the United States as generally recognized as safe GRAS In 1979 the FDA s Subcommittee on GRAS Substances SCOGS reported There is no evidence in the available information on magnesium stearate that demonstrates or suggests reasonable grounds to suspect a hazard to the public when they are used at levels that are now current and in the manner now practiced or which might reasonably be expected in the future 13 References Edit a b Angelo Nora Alfred Szczepanek Gunther Koenen Metallic Soaps in Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005 Wiley VCH Weinheim doi 10 1002 14356007 a16 361 A G Dobson and H H Hatt 1953 Stearone Organic Syntheses 33 84 doi 10 15227 orgsyn 033 0084 Ritter Steve 2008 What s That Stuff Excipients Inactive ingredients in medicines serve multiple functions in drug delivery Chemical amp Engineering News 86 1 25 doi 10 1021 cen v086n001 p025 Sworbrick James Boylan James C 1990 Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical technology p 2274 ISBN 9780824728243 Weiner Myra L Kotkoskie Lois A 1999 Excipient Toxicity and Safety p 10 ISBN 9780824782108 Demuth et al 2017 Investigation of Deteriorated Dissolution of Amorphous Itraconazole Description of Incompatibility with Magnesium Stearate and Possible Solutions Molecular Pharmaceutics 14 11 3927 3934 doi 10 1021 acs molpharmaceut 7b00629 PMID 28972782 Ouabbas Y Dodds J Galet L Chamayou A Baron M 2009 Particle particle coating in a cyclomix impact mixer PDF Powder Technol 189 2 245 252 doi 10 1016 j powtec 2008 04 031 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Thomas G Ouabbas Y Grosseau P Baron M Chamayou A Galet L 2009 Modeling the main interaction forces between powder particles Application to silica gel magnesium stearate mixtures Applied Surface Science 255 17 7500 7507 Bibcode 2009ApSS 255 7500T CiteSeerX 10 1 1 591 1899 doi 10 1016 j apsusc 2009 03 099 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Sato A Serris E Grosseau P Thomas G Galet L Chamayou A Baron M 2013 Experiment and simulation of dry particle coating PDF Chem Eng Science 86 164 172 doi 10 1016 j ces 2012 07 037 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link https www ctahr hawaii edu oc freepubs pdf FST 9 pdf bare URL PDF Erich Luck and Gert Wolfhard von Rymon Lipinski 2002 Foods 3 Food Additives Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Weinheim Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 14356007 a11 561 ISBN 978 3527306732 Sondergaarda D Meyera O Wurtzena G 1980 Magnesium stearate given peroprally to rats A short term study Toxicology 17 1 51 55 doi 10 1016 0300 483X 80 90026 8 PMID 7434368 FDA s SCOGS Database Report No 60 ID Code 557 04 0 Year 1979 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Magnesium stearate amp oldid 1134804891, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
