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M. S. Bartlett

June 28, 2023

Maurice Stevenson Bartlett FRS[1] (18 June 1910 – 8 January 2002) was an English statistician who made particular contributions to the analysis of data with spatial and temporal patterns. He is also known for his work in the theory of statistical inference and in multivariate analysis.[2][3][4][5]

Biography

Born in London,[6] Bartlett was raised in a poor family but won a scholarship to Latymer Upper School in Hammersmith, where he was inspired to the study of statistics by a chapter in Hall and Knight's Algebra. In 1929, he won a scholarship to Queens' College, Cambridge where he read mathematics, graduating with the rank of wrangler. He attended lectures on statistics by John Wishart, on relativity by Arthur Eddington and on quantum mechanics by Paul Dirac. In one of his lectures Wishart described his geometric derivation of the Wishart distribution. Overnight Bartlett worked out a proof using characteristic functions. Bartlett was Wishart's first post-graduate student and they wrote two papers together. This was the beginning of Bartlett's involvement with multivariate analysis. During his Queens years, he rowed for the college.[7]

In 1933, Bartlett was recruited by Egon Pearson to the new statistics department at University College, London. Pearson was already working with Jerzy Neyman. Also in the college were Ronald A. Fisher and J. B. S. Haldane. Bartlett was stimulated by all of them, most of all by the work of Fisher, criticising some of it (for example, fiducial inference) while developing other parts (for example conditional inference). Relations between the two men fluctuated; sometimes Bartlett was in Fisher's good books, but often not. In 1934, Bartlett became statistician at the Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) agricultural research station at Jealott's Hill. Not only did he deal with practical problems but he worked on statistical theory, as well as on problems in genetics but he became interested in the characterisation of intelligence. He remembered Jealott's Hill as the best working environment of his career. Bartlett left ICI for the University of Cambridge in 1938 but at the outset of World War II was mobilised into the Ministry of Supply, conducting rocket research alongside Frank Anscombe, David Kendall and Pat Moran.

After the war Bartlett's renewed Cambridge work focused on time-series analysis and stochastic process. With Jo Moyal he planned a large book on probability, but the collaboration did not work out and Bartlett went ahead and published his own book on stochastic processes. He made a number of visits to the United States. In 1947 he became professor of mathematical statistics at the School of Mathematics at the University of Manchester where he not only developed his interests in epidemiology but also served as an able and active administrator. In 1960, he took up the chair of statistics at University College, London before serving the last eight years of his academic life as professor of biomathematics at the University of Oxford. He retired in 1975.

After his retirement Bartlett remained active in statistics, visiting the Institute of Advanced Studies at the Australian National University several times. He had married Sheila, daughter of C. E. Chapman, in 1957, the couple parenting a daughter. Bartlett died in Exmouth, Devon.

Bartlett is known for Bartlett's method for estimating power spectra and Bartlett's test for homoscedasticity.

Honours

References

  1. ^ a b Whittle, P. (2004). "Maurice Stevenson Bartlett. 18 June 1910 – 8 January 2002: Elected F.R.S. 1961". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 50: 15. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2004.0002.
  2. ^ Gani, J. (2002). "Professor M. S. Bartlett FRS, 1910–2002". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 51 (3): 399–402. doi:10.1111/1467-9884.00327.
  3. ^ Armitage, P. (2005). "Bartlett, Maurice Stevenson". Encyclopedia of Biostatistics. doi:10.1002/0470011815.b2a17003. ISBN 047084907X.
  4. ^ Gani, J. (2002). "Obituary: Maurice Stevenson Bartlett". Journal of Applied Probability. 39 (3): 664–670. doi:10.1239/jap/1034082138.
  5. ^ M. S. Bartlett at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
  6. ^ Olkin, I. (1989). "A Conversation with Maurice Bartlett". Statistical Science. 4 (2): 151–163. doi:10.1214/ss/1177012600.
  7. ^ Wiiliams, Richard H.; Zimmerman, Donald W.; Ross, Donald C.; Zumbo, Bruno D. (2006). "Chapter 11. Maurice Bartlett: Time Series and Multivariate Statistics". Twelve British Statisticians. Bitingduck Press LLC. pp. 72–76. ISBN 978-1-932482-44-7.

Works

Books

  • An Introduction to Stochastic Processes, (1955) ISBN 0-521-04116-3
    • Darling, Donald A. (1956). "Review of An introduction to stochastic processes with special reference to methods and applications by M. S. Bartlett". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 62: 73–74. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1956-09989-6.
  • Stochastic Population Models in Ecology and Epidemiology, (1960) ISBN 0-416-52330-7
  • Essays in Probability and Statistics, (1962) ISBN 0-416-64880-0
  • Probability, Statistics and Time, (1975) ISBN 0-412-14150-7
  • The Statistical Analysis of Spatial Pattern, (1976) ISBN 0-412-14290-2
  • Selected Papers of M. S. Bartlett 3 vols. edited by R.G. Stanton, E.D. Johnson, D.S. Meek. Winnipeg : Charles Babbage Research Centre (1989).

Selected papers

  • (1933) with John Wishart, The distribution of second order moment statistics in a normal system. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 28, 455–459.
  • (1933) On the theory of statistical regression. Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, 53, 260–283.
  • (1933) Probability and chance in the theory of statistics. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. A 141 518–534.
  • (1934) The vector representation of a sample. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc., 30, 327–340.
  • (1936) Statistical information and properties of sufficiency. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. A 154, 124–137.
  • (1937) Properties of sufficiency and statistical tests. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. A, 160, 268–282. (reprinted with an introduction by D. A. S. Fraser S. Kotz & N. L. Johnson (eds) Breakthroughs in Statistics, volume 1. Springer, New York. 1992.)
  • (1938) Methods of estimating mental factors. Nature, 141, 609–610.
  • (1939) A note on tests of significance in multivariate analysis, in Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
  • (1941) The statistical significance of canonical correlation. Biometrika.
  • (1947) The use of transformations. Biometrics.
  • (1948) Internal and external factor analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry.
  • (1949) Fitting a straight line when both variables are subjects to error. Biometrics.
  • (1949) The statistical significance of "dispersed hits" in card-guessing experiments. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 48, 336–338.
  • (1950) Tests of significance in multivariate analysis. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology.
  • (1950) Tests of significance in factor analysis. British Journal of Psychology, 3, 77–85.

Autobiography

  • Ingram Olkin (1989) A Conversation with Maurice Bartlett, Statistical Science, 4, 151–163.
  • "Chance and Change" in J. Gani (ed) (1982) The Making of Statisticians, New York: Springer-Verlag.

Several statisticians, including Bartlett, give their life stories.

External links

  • ISI Newsletter Note by D. R. Cox
  • at the Wayback Machine (archived 17 May 2005)
  • Royal Society citation

For Bartlett's correspondence with Fisher see

  • Correspondence of Sir R. A. Fisher: Calendar of Correspondence with M.S. Bartlett

There are photographs at

  • Maurice Stevenson Bartlett on the Portraits of Statisticians page.
  • Royal Society[permanent dead link]
Professional and academic associations
Preceded by President of the Manchester Statistical Society
1959–60 		Succeeded by

June 28, 2023
bartlett, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, february, 2013, l. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources M S Bartlett news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Maurice Stevenson Bartlett FRS 1 18 June 1910 8 January 2002 was an English statistician who made particular contributions to the analysis of data with spatial and temporal patterns He is also known for his work in the theory of statistical inference and in multivariate analysis 2 3 4 5 M S BartlettBorn 1910 06 18 18 June 1910London EnglandDied8 January 2002 2002 01 08 aged 91 Exmouth Devon EnglandAlma materUniversity of CambridgeAwardsGuy Medal Silver 1952 Gold 1969 Weldon Memorial Prize 1971 Fellow of the Royal Society 1 Scientific careerInstitutionsUniversity College LondonImperial Chemical IndustriesUniversity of CambridgeUniversity of ManchesterUniversity of OxfordDoctoral advisorJohn WishartDoctoral studentsDavid George Kendall Maurice Priestley Alladi RamakrishnanJulian Besag Contents 1 Biography 2 Honours 3 References 4 Works 4 1 Books 4 2 Selected papers 5 Autobiography 6 External linksBiography EditBorn in London 6 Bartlett was raised in a poor family but won a scholarship to Latymer Upper School in Hammersmith where he was inspired to the study of statistics by a chapter in Hall and Knight s Algebra In 1929 he won a scholarship to Queens College Cambridge where he read mathematics graduating with the rank of wrangler He attended lectures on statistics by John Wishart on relativity by Arthur Eddington and on quantum mechanics by Paul Dirac In one of his lectures Wishart described his geometric derivation of the Wishart distribution Overnight Bartlett worked out a proof using characteristic functions Bartlett was Wishart s first post graduate student and they wrote two papers together This was the beginning of Bartlett s involvement with multivariate analysis During his Queens years he rowed for the college 7 In 1933 Bartlett was recruited by Egon Pearson to the new statistics department at University College London Pearson was already working with Jerzy Neyman Also in the college were Ronald A Fisher and J B S Haldane Bartlett was stimulated by all of them most of all by the work of Fisher criticising some of it for example fiducial inference while developing other parts for example conditional inference Relations between the two men fluctuated sometimes Bartlett was in Fisher s good books but often not In 1934 Bartlett became statistician at the Imperial Chemical Industries ICI agricultural research station at Jealott s Hill Not only did he deal with practical problems but he worked on statistical theory as well as on problems in genetics but he became interested in the characterisation of intelligence He remembered Jealott s Hill as the best working environment of his career Bartlett left ICI for the University of Cambridge in 1938 but at the outset of World War II was mobilised into the Ministry of Supply conducting rocket research alongside Frank Anscombe David Kendall and Pat Moran After the war Bartlett s renewed Cambridge work focused on time series analysis and stochastic process With Jo Moyal he planned a large book on probability but the collaboration did not work out and Bartlett went ahead and published his own book on stochastic processes He made a number of visits to the United States In 1947 he became professor of mathematical statistics at the School of Mathematics at the University of Manchester where he not only developed his interests in epidemiology but also served as an able and active administrator In 1960 he took up the chair of statistics at University College London before serving the last eight years of his academic life as professor of biomathematics at the University of Oxford He retired in 1975 After his retirement Bartlett remained active in statistics visiting the Institute of Advanced Studies at the Australian National University several times He had married Sheila daughter of C E Chapman in 1957 the couple parenting a daughter Bartlett died in Exmouth Devon Bartlett is known for Bartlett s method for estimating power spectra and Bartlett s test for homoscedasticity Honours EditRayleigh Prize 1933 Guy Medals in Silver 1952 and Gold 1969 of the Royal Statistical Society President of the Manchester Statistical Society 1959 1960 Fellow of the Royal Society 1961 President of the Royal Statistical Society 1966 Honorary Member of the International Statistical Institute 1980 Foreign Associate of the U S National Academy of Sciences 1993 D Sc s from the University of Chicago 1966 and the University of Hull 1976 References Edit a b Whittle P 2004 Maurice Stevenson Bartlett 18 June 1910 8 January 2002 Elected F R S 1961 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 50 15 doi 10 1098 rsbm 2004 0002 Gani J 2002 Professor M S Bartlett FRS 1910 2002 Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 51 3 399 402 doi 10 1111 1467 9884 00327 Armitage P 2005 Bartlett Maurice Stevenson Encyclopedia of Biostatistics doi 10 1002 0470011815 b2a17003 ISBN 047084907X Gani J 2002 Obituary Maurice Stevenson Bartlett Journal of Applied Probability 39 3 664 670 doi 10 1239 jap 1034082138 M S Bartlett at the Mathematics Genealogy Project Olkin I 1989 A Conversation with Maurice Bartlett Statistical Science 4 2 151 163 doi 10 1214 ss 1177012600 Wiiliams Richard H Zimmerman Donald W Ross Donald C Zumbo Bruno D 2006 Chapter 11 Maurice Bartlett Time Series and Multivariate Statistics Twelve British Statisticians Bitingduck Press LLC pp 72 76 ISBN 978 1 932482 44 7 Works EditBooks Edit An Introduction to Stochastic Processes 1955 ISBN 0 521 04116 3 Darling Donald A 1956 Review of An introduction to stochastic processes with special reference to methods and applications by M S Bartlett Bull Amer Math Soc 62 73 74 doi 10 1090 S0002 9904 1956 09989 6 Stochastic Population Models in Ecology and Epidemiology 1960 ISBN 0 416 52330 7 Essays in Probability and Statistics 1962 ISBN 0 416 64880 0 Probability Statistics and Time 1975 ISBN 0 412 14150 7 The Statistical Analysis of Spatial Pattern 1976 ISBN 0 412 14290 2 Selected Papers of M S Bartlett 3 vols edited by R G Stanton E D Johnson D S Meek Winnipeg Charles Babbage Research Centre 1989 Selected papers Edit 1933 with John Wishart The distribution of second order moment statistics in a normal system Proc Camb Philos Soc 28 455 459 1933 On the theory of statistical regression Proc Royal Soc Edinburgh 53 260 283 1933 Probability and chance in the theory of statistics Proc Royal Soc Lond A 141 518 534 1934 The vector representation of a sample Proc Camb Philos Soc 30 327 340 1936 Statistical information and properties of sufficiency Proc Royal Soc Lond A 154 124 137 1937 Properties of sufficiency and statistical tests Proc Royal Soc Lond A 160 268 282 reprinted with an introduction by D A S Fraser S Kotz amp N L Johnson eds Breakthroughs in Statistics volume 1 Springer New York 1992 1938 Methods of estimating mental factors Nature 141 609 610 1939 A note on tests of significance in multivariate analysis in Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 1941 The statistical significance of canonical correlation Biometrika 1947 The use of transformations Biometrics 1948 Internal and external factor analysis British Journal of Psychiatry 1949 Fitting a straight line when both variables are subjects to error Biometrics 1949 The statistical significance of dispersed hits in card guessing experiments Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research 48 336 338 1950 Tests of significance in multivariate analysis British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 1950 Tests of significance in factor analysis British Journal of Psychology 3 77 85 Autobiography EditIngram Olkin 1989 A Conversation with Maurice Bartlett Statistical Science 4 151 163 Chance and Change in J Gani ed 1982 The Making of Statisticians New York Springer Verlag Several statisticians including Bartlett give their life stories External links EditISI Newsletter Note by D R Cox IMS Bulletin Obituary by Besag amp Clifford p 14 at the Wayback Machine archived 17 May 2005 Royal Society citationFor Bartlett s correspondence with Fisher see Statistical Inference and Analysis Selected Correspondence of R A Fisher Edited by J H Bennett Correspondence of Sir R A Fisher Calendar of Correspondence with M S BartlettThere are photographs at Maurice Stevenson Bartlett on the Portraits of Statisticians page Royal Society permanent dead link Professional and academic associationsPreceded byE Devons President of the Manchester Statistical Society1959 60 Succeeded byL H C Tippett Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title M S Bartlett amp oldid 1158237524, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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