Lupo II[1] (died 778) is the third-attested historical duke of Gascony (dux Vasconum or princeps[2]), appearing in history for the first time in 769. His ancestry is subject to scholarly debate.[3]
In 769, a final rising of the Aquitanians against Charlemagne and Carloman was put down and the rebel, Hunald II, was forced to flee to the court of Lupo in Gascony. Lupo had thitherto been his ally, lending him Gascon troops.[4] Lupo, however, did not desire to bring down upon himself the wrath of the Frankish kings and handed Hunald, along with his wife, over to Charlemagne. He himself did homage for his province, recognising Charlemagne's suzerainty.[5]
Lupo may have been a Basque, but perhaps a Frank or Roman (Aquitanian). The name Lupo ("wolf", otsoa in Basque) is a well-attested totemic first name and surname widely spread across the whole Basque ethnic area in the early Middle Ages. He may have been a royal appointment of Pepin III (in 768),[6] but he may have been elected duke by the people. The extent of his territory is unknown. He may have ruled all of Aquitaine after 769, but that is not likely. His Gascony did border the Agenais and its northern border seems to have been the Garonne.[7]Bordeaux was not under his control, but that of a separate line of Carolingian-appointed counts.[8] His power may or may not have extended to the Pyrenees, but the trans-Pyrenean Basques were also under Carolingian suzerainty, as seen by Einhard's reference to Basque perfidia (treachery) at Roncesvalles. This region may have been part of Lupo's realm.[9] Lupo has nevertheless been implicated by some historians in the ambush of Roland.[10]
He died probably in 778.[11] His relationship to the previous dukes of Aquitaine-Vasconia and his successors is unclear. If he is to be regarded as related to subsequent Gascon dukes, which seems reasonable on the basis of patronymics, a genealogy can easily be constructed.[12] He was the father of Sancho, Seguin, Centule and García (Garsand). All of his sons ruled Gascony at one time or another, except García, who died in battle with Berengar of Toulouse in 819.[13] He may have had another son named Adalric, who was active in the reign of Chorso of Toulouse.
Notesedit
^His name has many variants in other languages: Basque: Otsoa, French: Loup, Gascony: Lop, Latin: Lupus, Spanish: Lobo or Lope. It is the basis of the patronymic López. It may have been a Latinisation of the Basque word for "wolf", otso. However, it is an acceptable Latin or Frankish name in its own right (see Lupus).
^Lupo is frequently said to be related to dukes Odo the Great and Hunald I of Aquitaine. However, this is based on the spurious Charte d'Alaon. This discredits much of Monlezun's research.
Estornés Lasa, Bernardo. Auñamendi Encyclopedia: Ducado de Vasconia.
Annales Laurissense, in Mon. Gen. Hist. Scriptores, I, 148.
"Astronomus", Vita Hludovici imperatoris, ed. G. Pertz, ch. 2, in Mon. Gen. Hist. Scriptores, II, 608.
Sedycias, João.
Monlezun, Jean Justin. Histoire de la Gascogne. 1864.
January 01, 1970
lupus, gascony, lupo, died, third, attested, historical, duke, gascony, vasconum, princeps, appearing, history, first, time, ancestry, subject, scholarly, debate, final, rising, aquitanians, against, charlemagne, carloman, down, rebel, hunald, forced, flee, co. Lupo II 1 died 778 is the third attested historical duke of Gascony dux Vasconum or princeps 2 appearing in history for the first time in 769 His ancestry is subject to scholarly debate 3 In 769 a final rising of the Aquitanians against Charlemagne and Carloman was put down and the rebel Hunald II was forced to flee to the court of Lupo in Gascony Lupo had thitherto been his ally lending him Gascon troops 4 Lupo however did not desire to bring down upon himself the wrath of the Frankish kings and handed Hunald along with his wife over to Charlemagne He himself did homage for his province recognising Charlemagne s suzerainty 5 Lupo may have been a Basque but perhaps a Frank or Roman Aquitanian The name Lupo wolf otsoa in Basque is a well attested totemic first name and surname widely spread across the whole Basque ethnic area in the early Middle Ages He may have been a royal appointment of Pepin III in 768 6 but he may have been elected duke by the people The extent of his territory is unknown He may have ruled all of Aquitaine after 769 but that is not likely His Gascony did border the Agenais and its northern border seems to have been the Garonne 7 Bordeaux was not under his control but that of a separate line of Carolingian appointed counts 8 His power may or may not have extended to the Pyrenees but the trans Pyrenean Basques were also under Carolingian suzerainty as seen by Einhard s reference to Basque perfidia treachery at Roncesvalles This region may have been part of Lupo s realm 9 Lupo has nevertheless been implicated by some historians in the ambush of Roland 10 He died probably in 778 11 His relationship to the previous dukes of Aquitaine Vasconia and his successors is unclear If he is to be regarded as related to subsequent Gascon dukes which seems reasonable on the basis of patronymics a genealogy can easily be constructed 12 He was the father of Sancho Seguin Centule and Garcia Garsand All of his sons ruled Gascony at one time or another except Garcia who died in battle with Berengar of Toulouse in 819 13 He may have had another son named Adalric who was active in the reign of Chorso of Toulouse Notes edit His name has many variants in other languages Basque Otsoa French Loup Gascony Lop Latin Lupus Spanish Lobo or Lope It is the basis of the patronymic Lopez It may have been a Latinisation of the Basque word for wolf otso However it is an acceptable Latin or Frankish name in its own right see Lupus Astronomus Vita Hludovici Lupo is frequently said to be related to dukes Odo the Great and Hunald I of Aquitaine However this is based on the spurious Charte d Alaon This discredits much of Monlezun s research Lewis p 26 Einhard Collins p 110 Lewis p 28 Lewis p 38 Collins p 121 disagrees As does Lacarra pp 14 20 who separates Aquitaine Gascony the Narbonensis and the Spanish Basque Country Lewis p 38 Collins p 128 Estornes FMG gives 775 Collins p 130 Collins p 129 Sources editCollins Roger The Basques Blackwell Publishing London 1990 Einhard Vita Karoli Magni Translated by Samuel Epes Turner New York Harper and Brothers 1880 Lewis Archibald R The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society 718 1050 University of Texas Press Austin 1965 Lacarra J Vasconia medieval Historia y Filologia Wallace Hadrill J M translator The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar with its Continuations Greenwood Press Connecticut 1960 Estornes Lasa Bernardo Aunamendi Encyclopedia Ducado de Vasconia Annales Laurissense in Mon Gen Hist Scriptores I 148 Astronomus Vita Hludovici imperatoris ed G Pertz ch 2 in Mon Gen Hist Scriptores II 608 Sedycias Joao Historia da Lingua Espanhola Monlezun Jean Justin Histoire de la Gascogne 1864 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lupus II of Gascony amp oldid 1213936544, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
