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Louis E. Brus

January 01, 1970

Louis Edward Brus[1] (born August 10, 1943)[2] is an American chemist, and currently the Samuel Latham Mitchell Professor of Chemistry at Columbia University. He is the co-discoverer of the colloidal semi-conductor nanocrystals known as quantum dots.[3] In 2023, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Louis Brus
Brus in 2008
Born (1943-08-10) August 10, 1943 (age 80)
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
EducationRice University (BS)
Columbia University (PhD)
Known forquantum dots
Brus equation
AwardsIrving Langmuir Prize in Chemical Physics (2001)
National Academy of Sciences (2004)
R. W. Wood Prize (2006)
Kavli Prize (2008)
Willard Gibbs Award (2009)p
NAS Award in Chemical Sciences (2010)
Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science (2012)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2023)
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry
Chemical physics
Nanotechnology
InstitutionsColumbia University
ThesisLifetime Shortening of Na(32p) and T(72S) Quenched by Halogens (1969)
Doctoral advisorRichard Bersohn

Early life and education edit

Louis Eugene Brus was born in 1943 in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. During high school in Roeland Park, Kansas, he developed an interest for chemistry and physics.[4]

He entered Rice University in 1961 with a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) college scholarship, which required him to participate in NROTC activities at sea as a midshipman. In 1965, he graduated at Rice with a B.S. degree in chemistry, physics and mathematics, and then moved to Columbia University for his doctoral research.[4] For his dissertation, he worked on the photodissociation of sodium iodide vapor, under the supervision of Richard Bersohn.[4] After obtaining his Ph.D. degree in chemical physics in 1969, Brus returned to the Navy as a lieutenant and served as a scientific staff officer in collaboration with Lin Ming-chang, at the United States Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C.[4]

Under the recommendation of Bersohn, Brus left the Navy permanently and joined AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1973, where he did the work that led to the discovery of quantum dots.[4] In 1996, Brus left Bell Labs and joined the faculty in the Department of Chemistry at Columbia University.[4]

Work on quantum dots edit

Brus is a foundational figure in the research and development of quantum dots. Quantum dots are tiny semiconducting crystals whose nanoscale size gives them unique optical and electronic properties.[5]

Brus was independently the first to synthesize them in a solution in 1982. At the time, he was studying studying organic photochemistry on cadmium sulfide particle surfaces using pump–probe Raman spectroscopy, looking for possible applications for solar-energy.[6][7] He noticed that the optical properties of the crystals changed after leaving them for 24 hours.[7] He attributed this change in band gap energy to Ostwald ripening when the crystal increased size.[7]

Brus provided the theoretical framework for understanding the behavior of quantum dots in terms of quantum size effects. He identified the connection between the particle size of semiconductors and the wavelength of the light they emit,[8][9][10][11][12] now known as the Brus equation.[6]

Brus tried to contact researchers in the Soviet Union. It was in 1990, that he finally met Alexey Ekimov and Alexander Efros, who had first developed the semiconductor nanocrystals in glass in 1981 under more rudimentary conditions, however their research was not available in the United States.[7]

At Bell Labs, Brus worked with postdoc researchers Paul Alivisatos and Moungi Bawendi in a research project with organometallic synthetic chemist Michael L. Steigerwald on reducing the size of the quantum dots.[4]

Awards and honors edit

Brus was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1998,[13] a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 2004,[14] and is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.[15]

He received the Distinguished Alumni Award from the Association of Rice University Alumni in 2010. He was co-recipient of the 2006 R. W. Wood Prize of the Optical Society of America "for the discovery of nanocrystal quantum dots and pioneering studies of their electronic and optical properties" shared with Alexander Efros and Alexey Ekimov.[16][17] He also received the inaugural Kavli Prize for nanoscience along with Sumio Iijima in 2008 for "for their large impact in the development of the nanoscience field of the zero and one dimensional nanostructures in physics, chemistry and biology".[18] In 2009 he was awarded the Willard Gibbs Award "for his leading role in the creation of chemical quantum dots".[19] Brus was chosen for the 2010 NAS Award in Chemical Sciences. In 2012 he received the Franklin Institute's Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science,[20] and was selected as a Clarivate Citation laureate in Chemistry "for discovery of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots)".[21]

In 2023, Brus was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Ekimov and Moungi Bawendi "for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots".[22] Bawendi had worked as a postdoc with Brus, when they were in Bell Labs.[23]

Selected publications edit

  • Rossetti, R.; Brus, L. (November 1982). "Electron-hole recombination emission as a probe of surface chemistry in aqueous cadmium sulfide colloids". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 86 (23): 4470–4472. doi:10.1021/j100220a003. ISSN 0022-3654.
  • Brus, L. E. (December 1, 1983). "A simple model for the ionization potential, electron affinity, and aqueous redox potentials of small semiconductor crystallites". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 79 (11): 5566–5571. Bibcode:1983JChPh..79.5566B. doi:10.1063/1.445676. ISSN 0021-9606.
  • Brus, L. E. (May 1, 1984). "Electron–electron and electron-hole interactions in small semiconductor crystallites: The size dependence of the lowest excited electronic state". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 80 (9): 4403–4409. Bibcode:1984JChPh..80.4403B. doi:10.1063/1.447218. ISSN 0021-9606.
  • Brus, Louis (June 1986). "Electronic wave functions in semiconductor clusters: experiment and theory". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 90 (12): 2555–2560. doi:10.1021/j100403a003. ISSN 0022-3654.
  • Nirmal, M.; Dabbousi, B. O.; Bawendi, M. G.; Macklin, J. J.; Trautman, J. K.; Harris, T. D.; Brus, L. E. (October 1996). "Fluorescence intermittency in single cadmium selenide nanocrystals". Nature. 383 (6603): 802–804. Bibcode:1996Natur.383..802N. doi:10.1038/383802a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4315737.
  • Bawendi, M G; Steigerwald, M L; Brus, L E (October 1990). "The Quantum Mechanics of Larger Semiconductor Clusters ("Quantum Dots")". Annual Review of Physical Chemistry. 41 (1): 477–496. Bibcode:1990ARPC...41..477B. doi:10.1146/annurev.pc.41.100190.002401. ISSN 0066-426X.
  • Michaels, Amy M.; Nirmal, M.; Brus, L. E. (November 1, 1999). "Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Individual Rhodamine 6G Molecules on Large Ag Nanocrystals". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 121 (43): 9932–9939. doi:10.1021/ja992128q. ISSN 0002-7863.
  • Lee, Changgu; Yan, Hugen; Brus, Louis E.; Heinz, Tony F.; Hone, James; Ryu, Sunmin (May 25, 2010). "Anomalous Lattice Vibrations of Single- and Few-Layer MoS 2". ACS Nano. 4 (5): 2695–2700. arXiv:1005.2509. doi:10.1021/nn1003937. ISSN 1936-0851. PMID 20392077. S2CID 6543876.

References edit

  1. ^ "Louis Eugene Brus". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. September 13, 2023. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
  2. ^ Profile of Louis Eugene Brus
  3. ^ Brus, Louis E. (1984). "Electron–electron and electron-hole interactions in small semiconductor crystallites: The size dependence of the lowest excited electronic state". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 80 (4403): 4403–4409. Bibcode:1984JChPh..80.4403B. doi:10.1063/1.447218. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Davis, Tinsley (February 2005). "Biography of Louis E. Brus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (5): 1277–1279. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409555102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 547879. PMID 15677326.
  5. ^ Singh, Suchita; Dhawan, Aksha; Karhana, Sonali; Bhat, Madhusudan; Dinda, Amit Kumar (November 29, 2020). "Quantum Dots: An Emerging Tool for Point-of-Care Testing". Micromachines. 11 (12): 1058. doi:10.3390/mi11121058. ISSN 2072-666X. PMC 7761335. PMID 33260478.
  6. ^ a b Kafel, A.; Al-Rashid, S. N. Turki (January 1, 2023). "Study Using the Brus Equation to Examine How Quantum Confinement Energy Affects the Optical Characteristics of Cadmium Sulfide and Zinc Selenide". International Journal of Nanoscience. 22 (4): 2350034–120. Bibcode:2023IJN....2250034K. doi:10.1142/S0219581X23500345. ISSN 0219-581X. S2CID 258431435.
  7. ^ a b c d Robinson2023-10-11T17:50:00+01:00, Julia. "The quantum dot story". Chemistry World. Retrieved October 20, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Sanderson, Katharine; Castelvecchi, Davide (October 4, 2023). "Tiny 'quantum dot' particles win chemistry Nobel". Nature. 622 (7982): 227–228. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-03048-9. PMID 37794149. S2CID 263671129.
  9. ^ Efros, Alexander L.; Brus, Louis E. (April 27, 2021). "Nanocrystal Quantum Dots: From Discovery to Modern Development". ACS Nano. 15 (4): 6192–6210. doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c01399. ISSN 1936-0851. PMID 33830732. S2CID 233193323.
  10. ^ Bubola, Emma; Miller, Katrina (October 4, 2023). "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld". The New York Times.
  11. ^ Gramling, Carolyn (October 4, 2023). "The development of quantum dots wins the 2023 Nobel prize in chemistry". Science News.
  12. ^ Clery, Daniel; Kean, Sam (October 4, 2023). "Creators of quantum dots, used in TV displays and cell studies, win chemistry Nobel". Science.
  13. ^ "Curl Elected AAAS Fellow". Rice University. May 28, 1998. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  14. ^ "Louis E. Brus". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  15. ^ (in Norwegian). Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Archived from the original on March 3, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
  16. ^ "R. W. Wood Prize". Optica.
  17. ^ "Twenty attain 2006 top honors from the OSA". Laser Focus World. August 30, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
  18. ^ "Columbia Professors to Receive Kavli Prizes in Norway Ceremony". 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
  19. ^ "Gibbs Award Ceremony 2009". Chicago ACS Archive. Chicago Section of the American Chemical Society. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
  20. ^ "Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science". Franklin Institute. 2012. Archived from the original on December 17, 2012. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  21. ^ "Thomson Reuters Predicts 2012 Nobel Laureates". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Thomson Reuters. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
  22. ^ Devlin, Hannah; correspondent, Hannah Devlin Science (October 4, 2023). "Scientists share Nobel prize in chemistry for quantum dots discovery". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
  23. ^ "Names of purported Nobel chemistry prize winners inadvertently released". Reuters. October 4, 2023. Retrieved October 4, 2023.

January 01, 1970
louis, brus, louis, edward, brus, born, august, 1943, american, chemist, currently, samuel, latham, mitchell, professor, chemistry, columbia, university, discoverer, colloidal, semi, conductor, nanocrystals, known, quantum, dots, 2023, awarded, nobel, prize, c. Louis Edward Brus 1 born August 10 1943 2 is an American chemist and currently the Samuel Latham Mitchell Professor of Chemistry at Columbia University He is the co discoverer of the colloidal semi conductor nanocrystals known as quantum dots 3 In 2023 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry Louis BrusBrus in 2008Born 1943 08 10 August 10 1943 age 80 Cleveland Ohio U S EducationRice University BS Columbia University PhD Known forquantum dotsBrus equationAwardsIrving Langmuir Prize in Chemical Physics 2001 National Academy of Sciences 2004 R W Wood Prize 2006 Kavli Prize 2008 Willard Gibbs Award 2009 pNAS Award in Chemical Sciences 2010 Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023 Scientific careerFieldsChemistryChemical physicsNanotechnologyInstitutionsColumbia UniversityThesisLifetime Shortening of Na 32p and T 72S Quenched by Halogens 1969 Doctoral advisorRichard Bersohn Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Work on quantum dots 3 Awards and honors 4 Selected publications 5 ReferencesEarly life and education editLouis Eugene Brus was born in 1943 in Cleveland Ohio United States During high school in Roeland Park Kansas he developed an interest for chemistry and physics 4 He entered Rice University in 1961 with a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps NROTC college scholarship which required him to participate in NROTC activities at sea as a midshipman In 1965 he graduated at Rice with a B S degree in chemistry physics and mathematics and then moved to Columbia University for his doctoral research 4 For his dissertation he worked on the photodissociation of sodium iodide vapor under the supervision of Richard Bersohn 4 After obtaining his Ph D degree in chemical physics in 1969 Brus returned to the Navy as a lieutenant and served as a scientific staff officer in collaboration with Lin Ming chang at the United States Naval Research Laboratory in Washington D C 4 Under the recommendation of Bersohn Brus left the Navy permanently and joined AT amp T Bell Laboratories in 1973 where he did the work that led to the discovery of quantum dots 4 In 1996 Brus left Bell Labs and joined the faculty in the Department of Chemistry at Columbia University 4 Work on quantum dots editBrus is a foundational figure in the research and development of quantum dots Quantum dots are tiny semiconducting crystals whose nanoscale size gives them unique optical and electronic properties 5 Brus was independently the first to synthesize them in a solution in 1982 At the time he was studying studying organic photochemistry on cadmium sulfide particle surfaces using pump probe Raman spectroscopy looking for possible applications for solar energy 6 7 He noticed that the optical properties of the crystals changed after leaving them for 24 hours 7 He attributed this change in band gap energy to Ostwald ripening when the crystal increased size 7 Brus provided the theoretical framework for understanding the behavior of quantum dots in terms of quantum size effects He identified the connection between the particle size of semiconductors and the wavelength of the light they emit 8 9 10 11 12 now known as the Brus equation 6 Brus tried to contact researchers in the Soviet Union It was in 1990 that he finally met Alexey Ekimov and Alexander Efros who had first developed the semiconductor nanocrystals in glass in 1981 under more rudimentary conditions however their research was not available in the United States 7 At Bell Labs Brus worked with postdoc researchers Paul Alivisatos and Moungi Bawendi in a research project with organometallic synthetic chemist Michael L Steigerwald on reducing the size of the quantum dots 4 Awards and honors editBrus was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1998 13 a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 2004 14 and is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters 15 He received the Distinguished Alumni Award from the Association of Rice University Alumni in 2010 He was co recipient of the 2006 R W Wood Prize of the Optical Society of America for the discovery of nanocrystal quantum dots and pioneering studies of their electronic and optical properties shared with Alexander Efros and Alexey Ekimov 16 17 He also received the inaugural Kavli Prize for nanoscience along with Sumio Iijima in 2008 for for their large impact in the development of the nanoscience field of the zero and one dimensional nanostructures in physics chemistry and biology 18 In 2009 he was awarded the Willard Gibbs Award for his leading role in the creation of chemical quantum dots 19 Brus was chosen for the 2010 NAS Award in Chemical Sciences In 2012 he received the Franklin Institute s Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science 20 and was selected as a Clarivate Citation laureate in Chemistry for discovery of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals quantum dots 21 In 2023 Brus was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Ekimov and Moungi Bawendi for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots 22 Bawendi had worked as a postdoc with Brus when they were in Bell Labs 23 Selected publications editRossetti R Brus L November 1982 Electron hole recombination emission as a probe of surface chemistry in aqueous cadmium sulfide colloids The Journal of Physical Chemistry 86 23 4470 4472 doi 10 1021 j100220a003 ISSN 0022 3654 Brus L E December 1 1983 A simple model for the ionization potential electron affinity and aqueous redox potentials of small semiconductor crystallites The Journal of Chemical Physics 79 11 5566 5571 Bibcode 1983JChPh 79 5566B doi 10 1063 1 445676 ISSN 0021 9606 Brus L E May 1 1984 Electron electron and electron hole interactions in small semiconductor crystallites The size dependence of the lowest excited electronic state The Journal of Chemical Physics 80 9 4403 4409 Bibcode 1984JChPh 80 4403B doi 10 1063 1 447218 ISSN 0021 9606 Brus Louis June 1986 Electronic wave functions in semiconductor clusters experiment and theory The Journal of Physical Chemistry 90 12 2555 2560 doi 10 1021 j100403a003 ISSN 0022 3654 Nirmal M Dabbousi B O Bawendi M G Macklin J J Trautman J K Harris T D Brus L E October 1996 Fluorescence intermittency in single cadmium selenide nanocrystals Nature 383 6603 802 804 Bibcode 1996Natur 383 802N doi 10 1038 383802a0 ISSN 1476 4687 S2CID 4315737 Bawendi M G Steigerwald M L Brus L E October 1990 The Quantum Mechanics of Larger Semiconductor Clusters Quantum Dots Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 41 1 477 496 Bibcode 1990ARPC 41 477B doi 10 1146 annurev pc 41 100190 002401 ISSN 0066 426X Michaels Amy M Nirmal M Brus L E November 1 1999 Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Individual Rhodamine 6G Molecules on Large Ag Nanocrystals Journal of the American Chemical Society 121 43 9932 9939 doi 10 1021 ja992128q ISSN 0002 7863 Lee Changgu Yan Hugen Brus Louis E Heinz Tony F Hone James Ryu Sunmin May 25 2010 Anomalous Lattice Vibrations of Single and Few Layer MoS 2 ACS Nano 4 5 2695 2700 arXiv 1005 2509 doi 10 1021 nn1003937 ISSN 1936 0851 PMID 20392077 S2CID 6543876 References edit Louis Eugene Brus American Academy of Arts amp Sciences September 13 2023 Retrieved October 4 2023 Profile of Louis Eugene Brus Brus Louis E 1984 Electron electron and electron hole interactions in small semiconductor crystallites The size dependence of the lowest excited electronic state The Journal of Chemical Physics 80 4403 4403 4409 Bibcode 1984JChPh 80 4403B doi 10 1063 1 447218 Retrieved January 30 2015 a b c d e f g Davis Tinsley February 2005 Biography of Louis E Brus Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 5 1277 1279 doi 10 1073 pnas 0409555102 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 547879 PMID 15677326 Singh Suchita Dhawan Aksha Karhana Sonali Bhat Madhusudan Dinda Amit Kumar November 29 2020 Quantum Dots An Emerging Tool for Point of Care Testing Micromachines 11 12 1058 doi 10 3390 mi11121058 ISSN 2072 666X PMC 7761335 PMID 33260478 a b Kafel A Al Rashid S N Turki January 1 2023 Study Using the Brus Equation to Examine How Quantum Confinement Energy Affects the Optical Characteristics of Cadmium Sulfide and Zinc Selenide International Journal of Nanoscience 22 4 2350034 120 Bibcode 2023IJN 2250034K doi 10 1142 S0219581X23500345 ISSN 0219 581X S2CID 258431435 a b c d Robinson2023 10 11T17 50 00 01 00 Julia The quantum dot story Chemistry World Retrieved October 20 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Sanderson Katharine Castelvecchi Davide October 4 2023 Tiny quantum dot particles win chemistry Nobel Nature 622 7982 227 228 doi 10 1038 d41586 023 03048 9 PMID 37794149 S2CID 263671129 Efros Alexander L Brus Louis E April 27 2021 Nanocrystal Quantum Dots From Discovery to Modern Development ACS Nano 15 4 6192 6210 doi 10 1021 acsnano 1c01399 ISSN 1936 0851 PMID 33830732 S2CID 233193323 Bubola Emma Miller Katrina October 4 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld The New York Times Gramling Carolyn October 4 2023 The development of quantum dots wins the 2023 Nobel prize in chemistry Science News Clery Daniel Kean Sam October 4 2023 Creators of quantum dots used in TV displays and cell studies win chemistry Nobel Science Curl Elected AAAS Fellow Rice University May 28 1998 Retrieved July 18 2023 Louis E Brus National Academy of Sciences Retrieved July 18 2023 Gruppe 4 Kjemi in Norwegian Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Archived from the original on March 3 2012 Retrieved October 7 2010 R W Wood Prize Optica Twenty attain 2006 top honors from the OSA Laser Focus World August 30 2006 Retrieved October 4 2023 Columbia Professors to Receive Kavli Prizes in Norway Ceremony 2008 Retrieved June 25 2010 Gibbs Award Ceremony 2009 Chicago ACS Archive Chicago Section of the American Chemical Society Retrieved February 10 2016 Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science Franklin Institute 2012 Archived from the original on December 17 2012 Retrieved April 7 2013 Thomson Reuters Predicts 2012 Nobel Laureates www prnewswire com Press release Thomson Reuters Retrieved October 4 2023 Devlin Hannah correspondent Hannah Devlin Science October 4 2023 Scientists share Nobel prize in chemistry for quantum dots discovery The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved October 4 2023 Names of purported Nobel chemistry prize winners inadvertently released Reuters October 4 2023 Retrieved October 4 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Louis E Brus amp oldid 1218891093, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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