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Los Altos de Jalisco

January 06, 2023

Los Altos de Jalisco, or the Jaliscan Highlands, is a geographic and cultural region in the eastern part of the Mexican state of Jalisco, famed as a bastion of Mexican culture, cradling traditions from Tequila production to Charrería equestrianism. Los Altos are part of the greater Bajío (The Lowlands) region of Mexico.

Los Altos de Jalisco
Jaliscan Highlands
Region of Mexico
Coordinates: 21°10′N 104°25′W / 21.17°N 104.41°W / 21.17; -104.41Coordinates: 21°10′N 104°25′W / 21.17°N 104.41°W / 21.17; -104.41
Municipalities21
StateJalisco
Population
 (2010)
 • Total925,648
Demonym(s)Alteño(a)
Spanish for Highlander

Los Altos is primarily a rural or semi-rural region, known for its towns of historic Mexican colonial architecture, deep Catholic conservatism[1][2] and numerous Mexican traditions such as equestrianism, mariachi music, tequila production, and traditional Mexican dances and festivals. A significant portion of the population consists of Mexicans of European descent, primarily descended from the criollos of Castillian, Extremaduran, Galician, Basque, and Andalusian origin, but also from early Portuguese settlers and later French, Irish, and Italian, German, Dutch, Slavic and Greek immigrants, among others.[3][4][5][6][7]

History

 
Templo de San Miguel in Yahualica de González Gallo, built in 1542.

The region's native inhabitants, the Chichimeca people, were conquered in the 16th century by Spanish conquistadors led by Captains Hernando Martel and Pedro de Anda in the Chichimeca War.

The first peoples that inhabited the region were the Chichimeca nations, a name given by the Mexicas to a group of indigenous peoples who lived in the center and north of the country.[8]

The casualties that the Spanish conquerors incurred in the region due to the Chichimeca attacks led them to answer with a warlike genocidal tactic. They took to the Altos de Jalisco, rural Castilian militiamen, who have the great majority of French descent who arrived in Castile, Spain during early of Middle Ages to repopulate the center of Spain. However, there were also Portuguese, Basques, Italians and Flemishs (natives of Flanders), who had previously fought against Turks and Moors during the Reconquista. In this way, among Europeans and Indians, the crucible of races so uncharacteristic of this region was formed.[9]

There is also some evidence of Sephardic Jewish settlement in the region during colonial times.[10][11][12]

After the French intervention in Mexico within the early 1860s, the French forces were expelled from México under the order of General Eulogio Parra in 1866. However, some French communities stayed in the obscured areas of Los Altos and its surroundings, increasing the proportion of European-looking people in the states of Jalisco, Guanajuato and Aguascalientes.[13][14][15][16][17]

Los Altos was one of the main scenarios of the Cristero War during the early 20th century, which confronted Catholic peasants and elites against the anti-clerical government of President Plutarco Calles.[18]

Culture

Tequila

Los Altos is one of the two main tequila producing regions in the state of Jalisco, the other being the municipality of Tequila, Jalisco. The main tequila producing center in the region is Arandas[19] and the second region is Atotonilco El Alto.[20]

Charro

Jalisco's charro tradition is particularly strong in the Los Altos region. In Spain, a charro is a native of the province of Salamanca, especially in the area of Alba de Tormes, Vitigudino, Ciudad Rodrigo and Ledesma.[21] It's likely that the Mexican charro tradition derived from Spanish horsemen who came from Salamanca and settled in Los Altos de Jalisco.

Architecture of Los Altos

Many of Los Altos's older architectural structures, including entire sections of Pre-Hispanic and colonial, have been designated World Heritage sites and Pueblo Mágico for their historical, cultural, artistic significance. Lagos de Moreno is only one city in Los Altos de Jalisco on the lists of Pueblo Magico out of 121. The architecture in Los Altos are heavy influenced by European architects during the Spanish Colonial to early WWI era.

Pilgrimage

Los Altos have many shrines. San Juan de los Lagos is the second most visited pilgrimage shrine in Mexico, after the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City . The numerous shrines are important tourist attractions for the state of Jalisco:

Administration

Since 1996, Los Altos has been organized administratively by the state of Jalisco into two regions, the North Highlands (Altos Norte) and the South Highlands (Altos Sur).

North Highlands

The North Highlands (Altos Norte) region covers 8,882 km², which represents 11% of the state's territory. The municipalities in the region are the following:

Lagos de Moreno is the municipality seat of the North Highlands. In this region, factories develop clothing, furniture, footwear, metal goods, sweets and jams. Some of the municipalities in this region have a very important livestock activity mainly in the production of dairy products.

South Highlands

The South Highlands (Altos Sur) region has 6,667 km², which is 5% of the state's surface. The municipalities of this region are the following:

Tepatitlán de Morelos is the municipality seat of the South Highlands. In this region is the most recent municipality of the State, San Ignacio Cerro Gordo, which was separated from Arandas. Traditionally Atotonilco el Alto, Ayotlán, Tototlán and Degollado belong to this southern zone of Los Altos. In general, the region has the production of tequila and the development of livestock, clothing, and various crafts.

Notable Alteños

Politics

Culture

Athletics

See also

References

  1. ^ "Amy Coney Barrett nomination fight leaves progressive Catholics feeling unseen". Religion News Service. October 12, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  2. ^ Piña, Ulices (February 22, 2017). "The Different Roads to Rebellion: Socialist Education and the Second Cristero Rebellion in Jalisco, 1934-1939". Letras Históricas (in Spanish). 16 (16): 165–192. doi:10.31836/lh.16.6562. ISSN 2448-8372.
  3. ^ "Esos Altos de Jalisco (documented about Asturian, Andalusian, and Galician settlers)". soyjovenjalisco.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  4. ^ "Las Mujeres más Bellas del Mundo Están en Los Altos de Jalisco". LA BRECHA (in European Spanish). July 26, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  5. ^ Judío, Central de Noticias Diario (July 19, 2011). "Presencia judía en Los Altos de Jalisco | Diario Judío México". Diario Judío: Diario de la Vida Judía en México y el Mundo (in European Spanish). Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  6. ^ Complutense University of Madrid - Los Mitos Vivos: Itentidad Regional en Los Altos de Jalisco
  7. ^ Meyer, Jean. "DOCUMENTO: LA FUNDACION DE SAN FRANCISCO DE ASIS, ALTOS DE JALISCO. (documented about poor Spanish, Basque and Galician settlers in Los Altos)" (PDF). www.colmich.edu.mx. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  8. ^ http://www.historia-mexico.info/2011/10/los-chichimecas.html March 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Chichimecas
  9. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 8, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ^ "Francisco MARTIN - Geneanet". gw.geneanet.org. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  11. ^ "Presencia judía en Los Altos de Jalisco | Diario Judío México". Diario Judío: Diario de la Vida Judía en México y el Mundo (in European Spanish). July 19, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  12. ^ Arredondo, Benjamin (June 7, 2018). "El Bable: Del mito judío-sefardí en los Altos de Jalisco". El Bable. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  13. ^ "The History of Jalisco". houstonculture. Retrieved January 28, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ "Presencia judía en Los Altos de Jalisco". July 19, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ "Las Mujeres más Bellas del Mundo Están en Los Altos de Jalisco". Retrieved January 28, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  16. ^ "Los Altos, región mestiza". Retrieved January 28, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ^ "Francisco Primitivo Martín". Retrieved January 28, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  18. ^ López, Damián (January 8, 2018). "La guerra cristera (México, 1926-1929). Una aproximación historiográfica / The Cristero War (Mexico, 1926-1929). A Historiographic Survey". Historiografías: 35–52. doi:10.26754/ojs_historiografias/hrht.201112523. S2CID 187566026.
  19. ^ Gobierno Municipal de Arandas Official website
  20. ^ Gobierno Municipal de Atotonilco El Alto Official website
  21. ^ charro in the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española.

Further reading

  • Jim Tuck, "The Holy War in Los Altos: Regional Analysis of Mexico's Cristero Rebellion." Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, 1982, ISBN 0-8165-0779-1

January 06, 2023
altos, jalisco, jaliscan, highlands, geographic, cultural, region, eastern, part, mexican, state, jalisco, famed, bastion, mexican, culture, cradling, traditions, from, tequila, production, charrería, equestrianism, altos, part, greater, bajío, lowlands, regio. Los Altos de Jalisco or the Jaliscan Highlands is a geographic and cultural region in the eastern part of the Mexican state of Jalisco famed as a bastion of Mexican culture cradling traditions from Tequila production to Charreria equestrianism Los Altos are part of the greater Bajio The Lowlands region of Mexico Los Altos de Jalisco Jaliscan HighlandsRegion of MexicoClockwise Lagos de Moreno San Juan de los Lagos Tepatitlan de Morelos Lagos de Moreno JalostotitlanCoordinates 21 10 N 104 25 W 21 17 N 104 41 W 21 17 104 41 Coordinates 21 10 N 104 25 W 21 17 N 104 41 W 21 17 104 41Municipalities21StateJaliscoPopulation 2010 Total925 648Demonym s Alteno a Spanish for HighlanderLos Altos is primarily a rural or semi rural region known for its towns of historic Mexican colonial architecture deep Catholic conservatism 1 2 and numerous Mexican traditions such as equestrianism mariachi music tequila production and traditional Mexican dances and festivals A significant portion of the population consists of Mexicans of European descent primarily descended from the criollos of Castillian Extremaduran Galician Basque and Andalusian origin but also from early Portuguese settlers and later French Irish and Italian German Dutch Slavic and Greek immigrants among others 3 4 5 6 7 Contents 1 History 2 Culture 2 1 Tequila 2 2 Charro 2 3 Architecture of Los Altos 2 4 Pilgrimage 3 Administration 3 1 North Highlands 3 2 South Highlands 4 Notable Altenos 4 1 Politics 4 2 Culture 4 3 Athletics 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingHistory Edit Templo de San Miguel in Yahualica de Gonzalez Gallo built in 1542 The region s native inhabitants the Chichimeca people were conquered in the 16th century by Spanish conquistadors led by Captains Hernando Martel and Pedro de Anda in the Chichimeca War The first peoples that inhabited the region were the Chichimeca nations a name given by the Mexicas to a group of indigenous peoples who lived in the center and north of the country 8 The casualties that the Spanish conquerors incurred in the region due to the Chichimeca attacks led them to answer with a warlike genocidal tactic They took to the Altos de Jalisco rural Castilian militiamen who have the great majority of French descent who arrived in Castile Spain during early of Middle Ages to repopulate the center of Spain However there were also Portuguese Basques Italians and Flemishs natives of Flanders who had previously fought against Turks and Moors during the Reconquista In this way among Europeans and Indians the crucible of races so uncharacteristic of this region was formed 9 There is also some evidence of Sephardic Jewish settlement in the region during colonial times 10 11 12 After the French intervention in Mexico within the early 1860s the French forces were expelled from Mexico under the order of General Eulogio Parra in 1866 However some French communities stayed in the obscured areas of Los Altos and its surroundings increasing the proportion of European looking people in the states of Jalisco Guanajuato and Aguascalientes 13 14 15 16 17 Los Altos was one of the main scenarios of the Cristero War during the early 20th century which confronted Catholic peasants and elites against the anti clerical government of President Plutarco Calles 18 Culture Edit San Juan de los Lagos Tequila Edit Los Altos is one of the two main tequila producing regions in the state of Jalisco the other being the municipality of Tequila Jalisco The main tequila producing center in the region is Arandas 19 and the second region is Atotonilco El Alto 20 Charro Edit Jalisco s charro tradition is particularly strong in the Los Altos region In Spain a charro is a native of the province of Salamanca especially in the area of Alba de Tormes Vitigudino Ciudad Rodrigo and Ledesma 21 It s likely that the Mexican charro tradition derived from Spanish horsemen who came from Salamanca and settled in Los Altos de Jalisco Architecture of Los Altos Edit Many of Los Altos s older architectural structures including entire sections of Pre Hispanic and colonial have been designated World Heritage sites and Pueblo Magico for their historical cultural artistic significance Lagos de Moreno is only one city in Los Altos de Jalisco on the lists of Pueblo Magico out of 121 The architecture in Los Altos are heavy influenced by European architects during the Spanish Colonial to early WWI era Valle de Guadalupe Arandas Pilgrimage Edit Los Altos have many shrines San Juan de los Lagos is the second most visited pilgrimage shrine in Mexico after the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City The numerous shrines are important tourist attractions for the state of Jalisco Our Lady of San Juan de los Lagos in San Juan de los Lagos Our Lady of the Assumption in Jalostotitlan Martyred Saint Toribio Romo Gonzalez in Santa Ana de Guadalupe municipal of Jalostotitlan Martyred Blessed Anacleto Gonzalez Flores in Tepatitlan de Morelos Martyred Blessed Miguel Gomez Loza in San Francisco de Asis municipal of Atotonilco el Alto Martyred Saint Julio Alvarez Mendoz in San Julian Jalisco Martyred Saint Atilano Cruz Alvarado in Teocaltiche Venerable Mother Maria Luisa Josefa of the Most Blessed Sacrament in Atotonilco El Alto Martyred Saint Pedro Esqueda Ramirez in Teocaltitan municipal of Jalostotitlan Martyred Saint Sabas Reyes Salazar in Tototlan Holy Child of the Little Peanut Santo Nino del Cacahuatito in Mezquitic de la Magdalena in municipal of San Juan de los Lagos Administration Edit Jalostotitlan Teocaltiche San Miguel el Alto Encarnacion de Diaz Since 1996 Los Altos has been organized administratively by the state of Jalisco into two regions the North Highlands Altos Norte and the South Highlands Altos Sur North Highlands Edit The North Highlands Altos Norte region covers 8 882 km which represents 11 of the state s territory The municipalities in the region are the following Encarnacion de Diaz Lagos de Moreno Ojuelos de Jalisco San Diego de Alejandria San Juan de los Lagos Teocaltiche Union de San Antonio Villa Hidalgo Lagos de Moreno is the municipality seat of the North Highlands In this region factories develop clothing furniture footwear metal goods sweets and jams Some of the municipalities in this region have a very important livestock activity mainly in the production of dairy products South Highlands Edit The South Highlands Altos Sur region has 6 667 km which is 5 of the state s surface The municipalities of this region are the following Acatic Arandas Canadas de Obregon Jalostotitlan Jesus Maria Mexticacan San Julian San Miguel el Alto Tepatitlan de Morelos Valle de Guadalupe Yahualica de Gonzalez Gallo San Ignacio Cerro Gordo Capilla de Guadalupe Tepatitlan de Morelos is the municipality seat of the South Highlands In this region is the most recent municipality of the State San Ignacio Cerro Gordo which was separated from Arandas Traditionally Atotonilco el Alto Ayotlan Tototlan and Degollado belong to this southern zone of Los Altos In general the region has the production of tequila and the development of livestock clothing and various crafts Notable Altenos Edit Tepatitlan de Morelos Ojuelos de Jalisco Politics Edit Luis Alfonso de Alba Gongora Mexican under secretary for Latin America in the Secretary of Foreign Relations former Mexican Representative to the United Nations Lagos de Moreno Ramon Munoz Gutierrez Senator of Jalisco in the Mexican Senate of the Republic Lagos de Moreno Emilio Gonzalez Marquez former Governor of Jalisco Lagos de Moreno Pedro Moreno general and father of the Mexican War of Independence Lagos de Moreno Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos 18th century lawyer and politician of colonial New Spain Ojuelos de Jalisco Victoriano Ramirez Mexican general of the Cristero War San Miguel el Alto Jose Gonzalez Gallo Mexican lawyer and politician who served as Governor of Jalisco Yahualica de Gonzalez Gallo Rita Perez de Moreno Mexican insurgent and heroine of the Mexican War of Independence San Juan de los Lagos Culture Edit Lola Alvarez Bravo famed photographer prominent figure of the post Mexican Revolution artistic renaissance Juan Pablo Villalobos author and entrepreneur Jose Rosas Moreno 19th century writer fableist and poet Mariano Azuela Gonzalez 19th 20th century literary critic novelist and essayist Jorge Gonzalez Camarena Mexican painter muralist and sculptor his parents were originally from Arandas Guillermo Gonzalez Camarena Mexican electrical engineer who was the inventor of a color wheel type of color television brother of Jorge Juan Sandoval Iniguez Mexican cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and served as Archbishop of Guadalajara Alan Estrada Mexican actor dancer and singer Athletics Edit Luis Fernando Macias professional cyclist silver medalist at the 2009 Pan American Road and Track Championship Armando Reynoso Gutierrez baseball player for the Mexico national team Mexican Baseball Hall of Fame member Isaac Brizuela Munoz Mexican American footballer for C D Guadalajara Carmelo Reyes Gonzalez former professional wrestler J Paco Gonzalez Mexican born American Thoroughbred horse racing trainer Antonio Martinez Mexican born American professional football player Martin Vasquez Mexican American former professional football player and current coach Miguel Angel Gonzalez Mexican MLB player Baltimore Orioles Chicago White Sox Texas Rangers Martin Barragan Professional Mexican footballer from Tizapan el Alto who currently plays for Necaxa See also EditBajio Nueva Galicia La Gran Chichimeca Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Cristero War Chichimeca WarReferences Edit Amy Coney Barrett nomination fight leaves progressive Catholics feeling unseen Religion News Service October 12 2020 Retrieved May 12 2021 Pina Ulices February 22 2017 The Different Roads to Rebellion Socialist Education and the Second Cristero Rebellion in Jalisco 1934 1939 Letras Historicas in Spanish 16 16 165 192 doi 10 31836 lh 16 6562 ISSN 2448 8372 Esos Altos de Jalisco documented about Asturian Andalusian and Galician settlers soyjovenjalisco mx in Spanish Retrieved December 6 2018 Las Mujeres mas Bellas del Mundo Estan en Los Altos de Jalisco LA BRECHA in European Spanish July 26 2013 Retrieved December 6 2018 Judio Central de Noticias Diario July 19 2011 Presencia judia en Los Altos de Jalisco Diario Judio Mexico Diario Judio Diario de la Vida Judia en Mexico y el Mundo in European Spanish Retrieved December 6 2018 Complutense University of Madrid Los Mitos Vivos Itentidad Regional en Los Altos de Jalisco Meyer Jean DOCUMENTO LA FUNDACION DE SAN FRANCISCO DE ASIS ALTOS DE JALISCO documented about poor Spanish Basque and Galician settlers in Los Altos PDF www colmich edu mx Retrieved December 6 2018 http www historia mexico info 2011 10 los chichimecas html Archived March 6 2016 at the Wayback Machine Chichimecas Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on March 8 2016 Retrieved November 16 2018 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Francisco MARTIN Geneanet gw geneanet org Retrieved November 30 2018 Presencia judia en Los Altos de Jalisco Diario Judio Mexico Diario Judio Diario de la Vida Judia en Mexico y el Mundo in European Spanish July 19 2011 Retrieved November 30 2018 Arredondo Benjamin June 7 2018 El Bable Del mito judio sefardi en los Altos de Jalisco El Bable Retrieved November 30 2018 The History of Jalisco houstonculture Retrieved January 28 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Presencia judia en Los Altos de Jalisco July 19 2011 Retrieved January 28 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Las Mujeres mas Bellas del Mundo Estan en Los Altos de Jalisco Retrieved January 28 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Los Altos region mestiza Retrieved January 28 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Francisco Primitivo Martin Retrieved January 28 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Lopez Damian January 8 2018 La guerra cristera Mexico 1926 1929 Una aproximacion historiografica The Cristero War Mexico 1926 1929 A Historiographic Survey Historiografias 35 52 doi 10 26754 ojs historiografias hrht 201112523 S2CID 187566026 Gobierno Municipal de Arandas Official website Gobierno Municipal de Atotonilco El Alto Official website charro in the Diccionario de la Real Academia Espanola Further reading EditJim Tuck The Holy War in Los Altos Regional Analysis of Mexico s Cristero Rebellion Tucson Arizona University of Arizona Press 1982 ISBN 0 8165 0779 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Los Altos de Jalisco amp oldid 1125725867, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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