This large snail is found only on Lord Howe Island off the east coast of Australia. Its conservation status has declined from common to endangered since rats were accidentally introduced to this World Heritage island in 1918.
Placostylus bivaricosus solidus (Brazier in Etheridge, 1889)[5][3]
Descriptionedit
The genus Placostylus is a group of large ground dwelling gastropods with a disjunct distribution in the South west Pacific from the Solomon Islands, Fiji, and New Caledonia, to Lord Howe Island and the northern extremity of New Zealand. The Lord Howe flax snail has a brown, pointed shell up to 7 cm long and 2 cm in diameter.
Conservationedit
Species declineedit
Historical accounts and fossil evidence indicate that the Lord Howe Island flax snail was formerly widespread and abundant on the island. The decline was first noted in the 1940s and the species is now listed as critically endangered.
The black rat is considered to be the major predator of this species and likely to be a significant threat to its survival. European blackbirds and song thrushes (self-introduced around 1950) are also thought to be predators of the snail.
Habitat clearing and modification and habitat disturbance, possibly herbicides and pesticides also add to the species decline.
Recoveryedit
In 2001, a recovery plan was completed to protect and recover the Lord Howe Island flax snail in the wild. Actions include habitat and population surveys, community awareness raising and a captive-breeding program.
The Lord Howe Island Board, responsible for implementation of the recovery plan, has since constructed a rodent and bird proof enclosure for the project and the first generation of captive bred Lord Howe Island land snails has hatched.
Over a period of two years, schoolchildren will closely monitor the captive snail population and their eggs, and will then measure growth rates and survival rates of the juvenile snails.
Rodent control or eradication on the island is crucial for the long-term survival of this snail in the wild.
Referencesedit
^Ponder, W.F. (1996). "Placostylus bivaricosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T17447A7077965. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T17447A7077965.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
^ abcdPonder W. F., Colgan D. J., Gleeson D. M. & Sherley G. H. (2003). "Relationships of Placostylus from Lord Howe Island: an investigation using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene". Molluscan Research23(2): 159-178. doi:10.1071/MR03001, PDF.
^Ponder, W.F. (1996). "Placostylus bivaricosus ssp. etheridgei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T17448A7078251. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T17448A7078251.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
^Etheridge, R. (31 December 1889). "The general zoology of Lord Howe Island; containing also an account of the collections made by the Australian Museum Collecting Party, Aug.–Sept., 1887" (PDF). Australian Museum Memoir. 2 (1): 1–42. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1967.2.1889.479. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
External linksedit
description in Latin language
Threatened Species Profile Lord Howe Island Land Snail (Australian Government, Department of Environment and Water Resources)
Gaskoin, J. S. (1855). Descriptions of two new species of land shells. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 22: 152
Cox, J.C. (1872). Descriptions of new land-shells from Australia and the South-Sea islands. Poceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1872: 18-23
Hedley, C. (1891). The land and freshwater shells of Lord Howe Island. Records of the Australian Museum. 1: 134-143
Brazier, J. (1889). Mollusca. In: Etheridge, R (ed.) The general zoology of Lord Howe Island; containing also an account of the collections made by the Australian Museum Collecting Party, Aug.–Sept., 1887, pp. 22-30. Memoirs of the Australian Museum. 2: 1-42.
Iredale, T. (1944). The land Mollusca of Lord Howe Island. The Australian Zoologist. 10(3): 299-334
Clench, W. J. (1941). The land Mollusca of the Solomon Islands (Succineidae, Bulimulidae and Partulidae). American Museum Novitates. 1129: 1-21
Solem A. (1959). "Systematics of the land and fresh-water mollusca of the New Hebrides". Fieldiana43(1): page 131
Data related to Placostylus bivaricosus at Wikispecies
November 10, 2023
lord, howe, flax, snail, lord, howe, placostylus, scientific, name, placostylus, bivaricosus, species, large, breathing, land, snail, terrestrial, pulmonate, gastropod, mollusc, family, bothriembryontidae, conservation, statuscritically, endangered, iucn, scie. The Lord Howe flax snail or the Lord Howe placostylus scientific name Placostylus bivaricosus is a species of large air breathing land snail a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Bothriembryontidae 2 Lord Howe flax snailConservation statusCritically Endangered IUCN 2 3 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum MolluscaClass GastropodaSubclass HeterobranchiaOrder StylommatophoraFamily BothriembryontidaeSubfamily PlacostylinaeGenus PlacostylusSpecies P bivaricosusBinomial namePlacostylus bivaricosus Gaskoin 1855 P bivaricosus is endemic to Lord Howe IslandSynonymsBulimus Eurytus etheridgei Brazier 1889 junior synonym Bulimus Placostylus cuniculinsulae Cox 1872 junior synonym Bulimus bivaricosus Gaskoin 1855 original combination Bulimus bivaricosus etheridgei Hedley 1891 junior synonym Placostylus Maoristylus bivaricosus Gaskoin 1855 Placostylus bivaricosus belli Iredale 1944 junior synonym Placostylus bivaricosus royi Iredale 1944 junior synonym Placostylus cuniculinsulae Cox 1872 junior synonym Placostylus gizoensis Clench 1941 junior synonym Contents 1 Distribution 2 Subspecies 3 Description 4 Conservation 4 1 Species decline 4 2 Recovery 5 References 6 External linksDistribution editThis large snail is found only on Lord Howe Island off the east coast of Australia Its conservation status has declined from common to endangered since rats were accidentally introduced to this World Heritage island in 1918 Subspecies editSubspecies of Placostylus bivaricosus include Placostylus bivaricosus bivaricosus Gaskoin 1855 3 Placostylus bivaricosus etheridgei Hedley 1891 3 extinct 4 Placostylus bivaricosus cuniculinsulae Cox 1872 3 Placostylus bivaricosus solidus Brazier in Etheridge 1889 5 3 Description editThe genus Placostylus is a group of large ground dwelling gastropods with a disjunct distribution in the South west Pacific from the Solomon Islands Fiji and New Caledonia to Lord Howe Island and the northern extremity of New Zealand The Lord Howe flax snail has a brown pointed shell up to 7 cm long and 2 cm in diameter Conservation editSpecies decline edit Historical accounts and fossil evidence indicate that the Lord Howe Island flax snail was formerly widespread and abundant on the island The decline was first noted in the 1940s and the species is now listed as critically endangered The black rat is considered to be the major predator of this species and likely to be a significant threat to its survival European blackbirds and song thrushes self introduced around 1950 are also thought to be predators of the snail Habitat clearing and modification and habitat disturbance possibly herbicides and pesticides also add to the species decline Recovery edit In 2001 a recovery plan was completed to protect and recover the Lord Howe Island flax snail in the wild Actions include habitat and population surveys community awareness raising and a captive breeding program The Lord Howe Island Board responsible for implementation of the recovery plan has since constructed a rodent and bird proof enclosure for the project and the first generation of captive bred Lord Howe Island land snails has hatched Over a period of two years schoolchildren will closely monitor the captive snail population and their eggs and will then measure growth rates and survival rates of the juvenile snails Rodent control or eradication on the island is crucial for the long term survival of this snail in the wild References edit Ponder W F 1996 Placostylus bivaricosus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996 e T17447A7077965 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 1996 RLTS T17447A7077965 en Retrieved 18 November 2021 MolluscaBase eds 2021 MolluscaBase Placostylus bivaricosus Gaskoin 1855 Accessed through World Register of Marine Species at http www marinespecies org aphia php p taxdetails amp id 1149983 on 2022 01 22 a b c d Ponder W F Colgan D J Gleeson D M amp Sherley G H 2003 Relationships of Placostylus from Lord Howe Island an investigation using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene Molluscan Research 23 2 159 178 doi 10 1071 MR03001 PDF Ponder W F 1996 Placostylus bivaricosus ssp etheridgei IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996 e T17448A7078251 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 1996 RLTS T17448A7078251 en Retrieved 18 November 2021 Etheridge R 31 December 1889 The general zoology of Lord Howe Island containing also an account of the collections made by the Australian Museum Collecting Party Aug Sept 1887 PDF Australian Museum Memoir 2 1 1 42 doi 10 3853 j 0067 1967 2 1889 479 Retrieved 23 January 2019 External links editdescription in Latin language Threatened Species Profile Lord Howe Island Land Snail Australian Government Department of Environment and Water Resources Placostylus Captive Breeding Foundation for National Parks amp Wildlife Rodent eradication on Lord Howe Island Foundation for National Parks amp Wildlife Gaskoin J S 1855 Descriptions of two new species of land shells Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 22 152 Cox J C 1872 Descriptions of new land shells from Australia and the South Sea islands Poceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872 18 23 Hedley C 1891 The land and freshwater shells of Lord Howe Island Records of the Australian Museum 1 134 143 Brazier J 1889 Mollusca In Etheridge R ed The general zoology of Lord Howe Island containing also an account of the collections made by the Australian Museum Collecting Party Aug Sept 1887 pp 22 30 Memoirs of the Australian Museum 2 1 42 Iredale T 1944 The land Mollusca of Lord Howe Island The Australian Zoologist 10 3 299 334 Clench W J 1941 The land Mollusca of the Solomon Islands Succineidae Bulimulidae and Partulidae American Museum Novitates 1129 1 21 Solem A 1959 Systematics of the land and fresh water mollusca of the New Hebrides Fieldiana 43 1 page 131 nbsp Data related to Placostylus bivaricosus at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lord Howe flax snail amp oldid 1067271227, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
