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London Passenger Transport Board

October 08, 2023

The London Passenger Transport Board was the organisation responsible for local public transport in London and its environs from 1933 to 1948. In common with all London transport authorities from 1933 to 2000, the public name and brand was London Transport.

London Passenger Transport Board
London Passenger Transport Area
SuccessorLondon Transport Executive
Formation1933
Dissolved31 December 1947
TypePublic body
Legal statusDissolved
PurposeTransport authority
Headquarters55 Broadway, London
Region served
Greater London and within 30 miles (48 km) of Charing Cross
Main organ
London Transport

History Edit

The London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) was established pursuant to the London Passenger Transport Act 1933 enacted on 13 April 1933.[1] The bill had been introduced by Herbert Morrison, who was Transport Minister in the Labour Government until 1931. Because the legislation was a hybrid bill it had been possible to allow it to 'roll over' into the new parliament under the incoming National Government. The new government, although dominated by Conservatives, decided to continue with the bill, with no serious changes, despite its extensive transfer of private undertakings into the public sector.[citation needed] On 1 July 1933, the LPTB came into being, covering the "London Passenger Transport Area".[1]

The LPTB's financial structure was not the same as that of outright nationalisation, which did not occur until the London Transport Executive was established on 1 January 1948. When the LPTB was formed in 1933, the companies taken over, notably the Underground Group and Thomas Tilling's London operations, were 'bought' partially with cash and partially by the issue of interest-bearing stock – C stock – authorised by the enabling Act, which meant that those former businesses continued to earn yields from their holdings.

The board Edit

The LPTB had a chairman and six other members. The members were chosen jointly by five appointing trustees listed in the Act:

The Act required that the board members should be 'persons who have had wide experience, and have shown capacity, in transport, industrial, commercial or financial matters or in the conduct of public affairs and, in the case of two members, shall be persons who have had not less than six years' experience in local government within the London Passenger Transport Area."[2]

The first chairman and vice-chairman were Lord Ashfield and Frank Pick, who had held similar positions with the Underground Group. Members of the board had a term of office of between three and seven years, and were eligible for reappointment.

Members Edit

Latham and Cliff became Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the successor London Transport Executive in 1947.

London Passenger Transport Area Edit

The London Passenger Transport Area (LPTA) had an approximate radius of 30 miles (48 km) from Charing Cross, extending beyond the boundaries of what later officially became Greater London to Baldock in the north, Brentwood in the east, Horsham in the south and High Wycombe in the west. The LPTA had an area of 1,986 square miles (5,140 km2).[12] The LPTA overlapped with the London Traffic Area (LTA) defined by the London Traffic Act 1924 and the part of the LPTA that was within the LTA was defined as the "special area" within which the LPTB had a monopoly of local road public transport.[12]

London Passenger Transport Area 1933–1947

 

The London Passenger Transport Area is outlined in red, with the LPTB "special area", in which it had a monopoly of local road public transport, shown by a broken black line. The boundary of the Metropolitan Police District at the time is shown as a blue broken line, and the County of London is shaded in grey. Roads over which the LPTB was allowed to run services outside its area are shown by broken red lines.

Within the special area services operated by the LPTB, it did not need road service licences, and no person or undertaking was allowed to provide a public road service without written permission from the LPTB. In the London Passenger Transport Area outside the special area, the LPTB was required to hold road service licences.[13]

Responsibilities Edit

Main article: List of transport undertakings transferred to the London Passenger Transport Board

Under the Act the LPTB acquired the following concerns:

Railways Edit

Tramways and trolleybuses Edit

Buses and coaches Edit

Further history Edit

 
1938 tube stock
 
AEC Regent III RT

The LPTB was a quasi-public organisation akin to a modern quango with considerable autonomy granted to its senior executives. It enjoyed a more or less full monopoly of transport services within its area, with the exception of those provided by the Big Four railway companies such as the Southern Railway. Consequently, it was empowered to enter into co-ordination agreements with the mainline railway companies concerning their suburban services. It was, to a limited extent, accountable to users via The London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee.

Ninety-two transport and ancillary undertakings, with a capital of approximately £120 million, came under the LPTB. Central buses, trolleybuses, underground trains and trams were painted in "Underground" and "London General" red, coaches and country buses in green, with coaches branded Green Line. Already in use on most of the tube system, "UNDERGROUND" branding was extended to all lines and stations. The name was said to have been coined by Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield in 1908, when he was general manager of the Underground Group.

The LPTB embarked on a £35 million capital investment programme that extended services and reconstructed many existing assets, mostly under the umbrella of the 1935–1940 New Works Programme. Although only about £21 million of the capital was spent before World War Two broke out, it allowed extensions to the Central, Bakerloo, Northern and Metropolitan lines; built new trains and maintenance depots, with extensive rebuilding of many central area stations (such as Aldgate East); and replacement of much of the tram network by what was to become one of the world's largest trolleybus systems. During this period, two icons of London Transport were first seen: 1938 tube stock trains and the RT-type bus. Although curtailed and delayed by the outbreak of World War Two, the programme nevertheless delivered some key elements of the present overground sections of the Underground system. However, the most profound change enacted by the board, through the new works, was the transition from tram to trolleybus operation alluded to earlier. In 1933, the LPTB had operated 327 route miles of tramways and 18 route miles of trolleybuses. By 1948, these totals were 102 and 255 miles respectively, mainly by eliminating trams in North London. The final disappearance of trams, in 1952, was regretted by some sections of the staff and the public, but in terms of impact on users, this was probably the most visible and dramatic change in the period. The last of the 653 trolleybuses which ran were replaced by buses by 1961.

The LPTB continued to develop its corporate identity, design and commercial advertising that had been put in place by the Underground Group. This included stations designed by Charles Holden; bus garages by architects such as Wallis, Gilbert & Partners; and even more humble structures such as bus stops and shelters. The posters and advertising issued by the LPTB were often of exemplary quality and are still much sought after.

The LPTB was replaced in 1948 by the London Transport Executive, under the Transport Act 1947. It was effectively nationalised, being taken under the wing of the British Transport Commission, which also ran much of the nation's other bus companies, an amount of road haulage, as well as the nation's railways, but it still retained considerable autonomy. The LPTB continued to exist as a legal entity until wound up on 23 December 1949.[15]

Sources Edit

  • T C Barker and Michael Robbins, A History of London Transport, Volume two – the Twentieth Century to 1970, George Allen & Unwin, 1974

References Edit

  1. ^ a b Cooke, B.W.C., ed. (September 1964). "The Why and the Wherefore: London Transport Board". The Railway Magazine. Westminster: Tothill Press. 110 (761): 739.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Plummer, Alfred (1 November 1933). "The London Passenger Transport Act of 1933: A New Socialization". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. Harvard University Department of Economics. 48 (1): 181–193. doi:10.2307/1884802 – via Oxford University Press.
  3. ^ a b LPTB Chairman, The Times, 18 April 1940
  4. ^ Obituaries: Sir John Gilbert, The Times, 24 December 1934
  5. ^ Obituary: Sir Edward Holland, The Times, 28 December 1939
  6. ^ New member of LPTB, The Times, 26 January 1935
  7. ^ LPTB appointments, The Times, 10 December 1937
  8. ^ LPTB appointments, The Times, 14 March 1939
  9. ^ a b 14th LPTB Annual Report[full citation needed]
  10. ^ a b 13th LPTB Annual Report[full citation needed]
  11. ^ 10th LPTB Annual Report[full citation needed]
  12. ^ a b "The London Passenger Transport Board - Area of Operation (Notes to Map)". Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  13. ^ The History of British Bus Services, John Hibbs, Second Edition, Newton Abbot, 1979
  14. ^ London's Trams and Trolleybuses, John R. Day, published by London Transport 1979
  15. ^ "Main-Line Companies Dissolved". The Railway Magazine. London: Transport (1910) Ltd. 96 (586): 73. February 1950.

External links Edit

  • The Railway Archive – London Passenger Transport Act, 1933 (25 MB)
Preceded by
Various other
 London public transport authority
1933–1948 		Succeeded by

October 08, 2023
london, passenger, transport, board, organisation, responsible, local, public, transport, london, environs, from, 1933, 1948, common, with, london, transport, authorities, from, 1933, 2000, public, name, brand, london, transport, london, passenger, transport, . The London Passenger Transport Board was the organisation responsible for local public transport in London and its environs from 1933 to 1948 In common with all London transport authorities from 1933 to 2000 the public name and brand was London Transport London Passenger Transport BoardLondon Passenger Transport AreaSuccessorLondon Transport ExecutiveFormation1933Dissolved31 December 1947TypePublic bodyLegal statusDissolvedPurposeTransport authorityHeadquarters55 Broadway LondonRegion servedGreater London and within 30 miles 48 km of Charing CrossMain organLondon Transport Contents 1 History 2 The board 2 1 Members 3 London Passenger Transport Area 4 Responsibilities 4 1 Railways 4 2 Tramways and trolleybuses 4 3 Buses and coaches 5 Further history 6 Sources 7 References 8 External linksHistory EditThe London Passenger Transport Board LPTB was established pursuant to the London Passenger Transport Act 1933 enacted on 13 April 1933 1 The bill had been introduced by Herbert Morrison who was Transport Minister in the Labour Government until 1931 Because the legislation was a hybrid bill it had been possible to allow it to roll over into the new parliament under the incoming National Government The new government although dominated by Conservatives decided to continue with the bill with no serious changes despite its extensive transfer of private undertakings into the public sector citation needed On 1 July 1933 the LPTB came into being covering the London Passenger Transport Area 1 The LPTB s financial structure was not the same as that of outright nationalisation which did not occur until the London Transport Executive was established on 1 January 1948 When the LPTB was formed in 1933 the companies taken over notably the Underground Group and Thomas Tilling s London operations were bought partially with cash and partially by the issue of interest bearing stock C stock authorised by the enabling Act which meant that those former businesses continued to earn yields from their holdings The board EditThe LPTB had a chairman and six other members The members were chosen jointly by five appointing trustees listed in the Act The chairman of the London County Council A representative of the London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee The chairman of the Committee of London Clearing Banks The president of the Law Society The president of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and WalesThe Act required that the board members should be persons who have had wide experience and have shown capacity in transport industrial commercial or financial matters or in the conduct of public affairs and in the case of two members shall be persons who have had not less than six years experience in local government within the London Passenger Transport Area 2 The first chairman and vice chairman were Lord Ashfield and Frank Pick who had held similar positions with the Underground Group Members of the board had a term of office of between three and seven years and were eligible for reappointment Members Edit Lord Ashfield 1933 1947 2 3 Frank Pick 1933 1940 2 3 Sir John Gilbert London County Council 1933 1934 2 Sir Edward Holland Surrey County Council 1933 1939 2 4 5 Patrick Ashley Cooper Governor of the Hudson s Bay Company director of the Bank of England 1933 47 2 Sir Henry Maybury civil engineer chairman of the London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee 1933 1943 2 John Cliff secretary of the Transport and General Workers Union 1933 1947 2 Charles Latham London County Council 1935 1947 6 7 Colonel Forester Clayton 1939 1947 8 Colonel C G Vickers 1941 47 9 William Neville 1946 47 9 Sir Gilfrid Craig 1944 46 10 Sir Edward Hardy 1946 47 10 Geoffrey Hayworth 1942 47 11 Latham and Cliff became Chairman and Vice Chairman of the successor London Transport Executive in 1947 London Passenger Transport Area EditThe London Passenger Transport Area LPTA had an approximate radius of 30 miles 48 km from Charing Cross extending beyond the boundaries of what later officially became Greater London to Baldock in the north Brentwood in the east Horsham in the south and High Wycombe in the west The LPTA had an area of 1 986 square miles 5 140 km2 12 The LPTA overlapped with the London Traffic Area LTA defined by the London Traffic Act 1924 and the part of the LPTA that was within the LTA was defined as the special area within which the LPTB had a monopoly of local road public transport 12 London Passenger Transport Area 1933 1947 nbsp The London Passenger Transport Area is outlined in red with the LPTB special area in which it had a monopoly of local road public transport shown by a broken black line The boundary of the Metropolitan Police District at the time is shown as a blue broken line and the County of London is shaded in grey Roads over which the LPTB was allowed to run services outside its area are shown by broken red lines Within the special area services operated by the LPTB it did not need road service licences and no person or undertaking was allowed to provide a public road service without written permission from the LPTB In the London Passenger Transport Area outside the special area the LPTB was required to hold road service licences 13 Responsibilities EditMain article List of transport undertakings transferred to the London Passenger Transport Board Under the Act the LPTB acquired the following concerns Railways Edit Underground Electric Railways Company of London which controlled London Electric Railway the management company of Bakerloo line Piccadilly line Hampstead amp Highgate line now Northern line Charing Cross Edgware and High Barnet branches City and South London Railway now Northern line Bank and Morden branches Central London Railway District Railway Metropolitan Railway which controlled Great Northern amp City RailwayTramways and trolleybuses Edit London County Council 167 17 miles or 269 03 kilometres of route including tracks owned by the Borough of Leyton and the City of London and 1 713 trams Middlesex County Council 42 63 miles or 68 61 kilometres of route leased to Metropolitan Electric Tramways Hertfordshire County Council 21 5 miles or 34 6 kilometres of route leased to Metropolitan Electric Tramways City of London 0 25 miles or 0 40 kilometres of route operated by London County Council Barking Corporation operated by Ilford Corporation London County Council and East Ham Corporation since 1929 1 8 miles or 2 9 kilometres of route Bexley and Dartford urban district councils joint undertaking since 1921 10 29 miles or 16 56 kilometres of route and 33 trams Croydon Corporation Tramways 9 28 miles or 14 93 kilometres of route and 55 trams East Ham Corporation Tramways 8 34 miles or 13 42 kilometres of route and 56 trams Erith Urban District Council Tramways 4 miles or 6 4 kilometres Ilford Urban District Council Tramways 7 13 miles or 11 47 kilometres of route and 40 trams Leyton Corporation Tramways operated by London County Council since 1921 9 0 miles or 14 5 kilometres of routes Walthamstow Urban District Council Light Railways 8 93 miles or 14 37 kilometres of route and 62 trams West Ham Corporation Tramways 16 27 miles or 26 18 kilometres of route and 134 trams London United Tramways 29 05 miles or 46 75 kilometres of route 150 trams and 61 trolleybuses Metropolitan Electric Tramways 53 51 miles or 86 12 kilometres of route of which 9 38 miles 15 10 km were owned by the company 46 23 miles 74 40 km leased from Middlesex County Council and 21 5 miles or 34 6 kilometres from Hertfordshire County Council and 316 trams South Metropolitan Electric Tramways 13 08 miles or 21 05 kilometres of route and 52 trams 14 Buses and coaches Edit London General Omnibus Company Green Line Coaches Overground Tilling amp British Automobile TractionFurther history EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed September 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message nbsp 1938 tube stock nbsp AEC Regent III RTThe LPTB was a quasi public organisation akin to a modern quango with considerable autonomy granted to its senior executives It enjoyed a more or less full monopoly of transport services within its area with the exception of those provided by the Big Four railway companies such as the Southern Railway Consequently it was empowered to enter into co ordination agreements with the mainline railway companies concerning their suburban services It was to a limited extent accountable to users via The London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee Ninety two transport and ancillary undertakings with a capital of approximately 120 million came under the LPTB Central buses trolleybuses underground trains and trams were painted in Underground and London General red coaches and country buses in green with coaches branded Green Line Already in use on most of the tube system UNDERGROUND branding was extended to all lines and stations The name was said to have been coined by Albert Stanley 1st Baron Ashfield in 1908 when he was general manager of the Underground Group The LPTB embarked on a 35 million capital investment programme that extended services and reconstructed many existing assets mostly under the umbrella of the 1935 1940 New Works Programme Although only about 21 million of the capital was spent before World War Two broke out it allowed extensions to the Central Bakerloo Northern and Metropolitan lines built new trains and maintenance depots with extensive rebuilding of many central area stations such as Aldgate East and replacement of much of the tram network by what was to become one of the world s largest trolleybus systems During this period two icons of London Transport were first seen 1938 tube stock trains and the RT type bus Although curtailed and delayed by the outbreak of World War Two the programme nevertheless delivered some key elements of the present overground sections of the Underground system However the most profound change enacted by the board through the new works was the transition from tram to trolleybus operation alluded to earlier In 1933 the LPTB had operated 327 route miles of tramways and 18 route miles of trolleybuses By 1948 these totals were 102 and 255 miles respectively mainly by eliminating trams in North London The final disappearance of trams in 1952 was regretted by some sections of the staff and the public but in terms of impact on users this was probably the most visible and dramatic change in the period The last of the 653 trolleybuses which ran were replaced by buses by 1961 The LPTB continued to develop its corporate identity design and commercial advertising that had been put in place by the Underground Group This included stations designed by Charles Holden bus garages by architects such as Wallis Gilbert amp Partners and even more humble structures such as bus stops and shelters The posters and advertising issued by the LPTB were often of exemplary quality and are still much sought after The LPTB was replaced in 1948 by the London Transport Executive under the Transport Act 1947 It was effectively nationalised being taken under the wing of the British Transport Commission which also ran much of the nation s other bus companies an amount of road haulage as well as the nation s railways but it still retained considerable autonomy The LPTB continued to exist as a legal entity until wound up on 23 December 1949 15 Sources EditT C Barker and Michael Robbins A History of London Transport Volume two the Twentieth Century to 1970 George Allen amp Unwin 1974References Edit a b Cooke B W C ed September 1964 The Why and the Wherefore London Transport Board The Railway Magazine Westminster Tothill Press 110 761 739 a b c d e f g h Plummer Alfred 1 November 1933 The London Passenger Transport Act of 1933 A New Socialization The Quarterly Journal of Economics Harvard University Department of Economics 48 1 181 193 doi 10 2307 1884802 via Oxford University Press a b LPTB Chairman The Times 18 April 1940 Obituaries Sir John Gilbert The Times 24 December 1934 Obituary Sir Edward Holland The Times 28 December 1939 New member of LPTB The Times 26 January 1935 LPTB appointments The Times 10 December 1937 LPTB appointments The Times 14 March 1939 a b 14th LPTB Annual Report full citation needed a b 13th LPTB Annual Report full citation needed 10th LPTB Annual Report full citation needed a b The London Passenger Transport Board Area of Operation Notes to Map Retrieved 3 July 2021 The History of British Bus Services John Hibbs Second Edition Newton Abbot 1979 London s Trams and Trolleybuses John R Day published by London Transport 1979 Main Line Companies Dissolved The Railway Magazine London Transport 1910 Ltd 96 586 73 February 1950 External links Edit nbsp London portalThe Railway Archive London Passenger Transport Act 1933 25 MB Preceded byVarious other London public transport authority1933 1948 Succeeded byLondon Transport Executive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title London Passenger Transport Board amp oldid 1124679439, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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