Lonchodectidae was first named by paleontologist Reginald Walter Hooley in 1914,[9] and was first considered to only contain species of Lonchodectes.[10] A taxonomic review of pterosaurs from the Cambridge Greensand in 2013 considered Lonchodectes a nomen dubium, and named a new family, Lonchodraconidae, for the remaining species, which had been moved to the new genus Lonchodraco.[11]Yixianopterus,[12]Unwindia, Prejanopterus,[13] and Serradraco[14] have also been considered possible lonchodectids. A taxonomic review of Lonchodectidae by Russian paleontologist Alexander Averianov in 2020 limited the clade to Ikrandraco, Lonchodectes, and Lonchodraco, thus finding Lonchodraconidae to be synonymous with the earlier name Lonchodectidae.[7]
Descriptionedit
The most diagnostic features of Lonchodectidae pertain to the teeth and jaws. The teeth on both the upper and lower jaws are generally small, do not vary in size through the length of the jaw, and are placed on raised alveolar margins. The upper palate has a prominent ridge. One genus, Lonchodraco, has prominent crests at the tips of both the skull and mandible, while another, Ikrandraco, only has a crest on the mandible. Only Lonchodraco and Ikrandraco preserve postcrania, which is similar to other lanceodontians.[7]
Classificationedit
Reconstruction of Lonchodectes, with hypothetical bauplan
The cladogram below is a topology recovered by Longrich and colleagues in 2018. In their analysis, they placed the family Lonchodectidae as the sister taxon of the family Boreopteridae, while also placed within the more inclusive group Ornithocheiromorpha.[15]
Other studies including Pêgas et al. (2019) and Holgado & Pêgas (2020) however, have only included Ikrandraco and Lonchodraco in this group, therefore using the name Lonchodraconidae instead.[1][2]
Paleobiologyedit
Lifestyleedit
Postcranial material similar to those of azhdarchoids has previously been referred to Lonchodectes;[16] however, this material has later been referred to the azhdarchoid Ornithostoma.[17]Ikrandraco is presumed to have been piscivorous, though this is not completely confirmed.[18]Lonchodraco bore sensor pits similar to those of modern probe feeding birds; though it appears to be unlikely that it was a probe feeder due to its large size and broad jaw ends, it has been suggested that it similarly procured food items on the ground or in water such as fish or insects.[19]
Referencesedit
^ abPêgas, R.V., Holgado, B., Leal, M.E.C., 2019. "Targaryendraco wiedenrothi gen. nov. (Pterodactyloidea, Pteranodontoidea, Lanceodontia) and recognition of a new cosmopolitan lineage of Cretaceous toothed pterodactyloids", Historical Biology, 1–15. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1690482
^ abHolgado, B.; Pêgas, R.V. (2020). "A taxonomic and phylogenetic review of the anhanguerid pterosaur group Coloborhynchinae and the new clade Tropeognathinae". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65. doi:10.4202/app.00751.2020.
^Unwin, David M. (2003). "On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs". In Buffetaut, Eric; Mazin Jean-Michel (eds.). Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society Special Publication 217. London: Geological Society. pp. 139–190. ISBN1-86239-143-2.
^Witton, M.P., Martill, D.M., and Green, M. (2009). "On pterodactyloid diversity in the British Wealden (Lower Cretaceous) and a reappraisal of “Palaeornis” cliftii Mantell, 1844." Cretaceous Research, 30: 676–686.
^Andres, B.; Myers, T. S. (2013). "Lone Star Pterosaurs". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 103 (3–4): 383–398. doi:10.1017/S1755691013000303. S2CID 84617119.
^ abcAverianov, A.O. (2020). "Taxonomy of the Lonchodectidae (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea)". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS. 324 (1): 41–55. doi:10.31610/trudyzin/2020.324.1.41.
^Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy, Mark P. Witton (2013)
^Hooley, R.W. 1914. "On the Ornithosaurian genus Ornithocheirus with a review of the specimens from the Cambridge Greensand in the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge", Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 78: 529-557
^Unwin, David M. 2001. "An overview of the pterosaur assemblage from the Cambridge Greensand (Cretaceous) of Eastern England". Mitteilungen as dem Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe4: 189–222
^Rodrigues, T.; Kellner, A. (2013). "Taxonomic review of the Ornithocheirus complex (Pterosauria) from the Cretaceous of England". ZooKeys (308): 1–112. doi:10.3897/zookeys.308.5559. PMC3689139. PMID 23794925.
^ J. Lü, S. Ji, C. Yuan, Y. Gao, Z. Sun and Q. Ji. 2006. New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning. Papers from the 2005 Heyuan International Dinosaur Symposium. Geological Publishing House, Beijing 195-203
^Witton, Mark P. (2013). Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy
^Rigal, S.; Martill, D. M.; Sweetman, S. C. (2017). "A new pterosaur specimen from the Upper Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (Cretaceous, Valanginian) of southern England and a review of Lonchodectes sagittirostris (Owen 1874)". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 455: 221–232. doi:10.1144/SP455.5. S2CID 133080548.
^Longrich, N.R., Martill, D.M., and Andres, B. (2018). "Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary." PLoS Biology, 16(3): e2001663. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663
^Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy, Mark P. Witton (2013)
^Averianov, A.O. (2012). "Ornithostoma sedgwicki – valid taxon of azhdarchoid pterosaurs." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, 316(1): 40–49.
^Xiaolin Wang; Taissa Rodrigues; Shunxing Jiang; Xin Cheng; Alexander W. A. Kellner (2014). "An Early Cretaceous pterosaur with an unusual mandibular crest from China and a potential novel feeding strategy". Scientific Reports. 4: Article number 6329. Bibcode:2014NatSR...4E6329W. doi:10.1038/srep06329. PMC5385874. PMID 25210867.
^David M. Martill; Roy E. Smith; Nicholas Longrich; James Brown (2020). "Evidence for tactile feeding in pterosaurs: a sensitive tip to the beak of Lonchodraco giganteus (Pterosauria, Lonchodectidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of southern England". Cretaceous Research. in press: Article 104637. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104637. S2CID 225130037.
April 11, 2024
lonchodectidae, lonchodraconidae, group, pterosaurs, within, clade, pterodactyloidea, variously, been, considered, within, ctenochasmatoidea, azhdarchoidea, pteranodontia, they, notable, their, high, conical, tooth, sockets, raised, alveolar, margins, lonchode. Lonchodectidae or Lonchodraconidae 1 2 is a group of pterosaurs within the clade Pterodactyloidea It has variously been considered to be within Ctenochasmatoidea 3 Azhdarchoidea 4 and Pteranodontia 5 6 7 They are notable for their high conical tooth sockets and raised alveolar margins 8 LonchodectidsTemporal range Early Late Cretaceous 135 94 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NMaterial referred to LonchodectesScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataOrder PterosauriaSuborder PterodactyloideaClade OrnithocheiromorphaFamily LonchodectidaeHooley 1914Genera Lonchodectes Lonchodraco IkrandracoSynonymsLonchodraconidae Rodrigues amp Kellner 2013 Contents 1 Taxonomic history 2 Description 3 Classification 4 Paleobiology 4 1 Lifestyle 5 ReferencesTaxonomic history edit nbsp Holotype specimen of IkrandracoLonchodectidae was first named by paleontologist Reginald Walter Hooley in 1914 9 and was first considered to only contain species of Lonchodectes 10 A taxonomic review of pterosaurs from the Cambridge Greensand in 2013 considered Lonchodectes a nomen dubium and named a new family Lonchodraconidae for the remaining species which had been moved to the new genus Lonchodraco 11 Yixianopterus 12 Unwindia Prejanopterus 13 and Serradraco 14 have also been considered possible lonchodectids A taxonomic review of Lonchodectidae by Russian paleontologist Alexander Averianov in 2020 limited the clade to Ikrandraco Lonchodectes and Lonchodraco thus finding Lonchodraconidae to be synonymous with the earlier name Lonchodectidae 7 Description editThe most diagnostic features of Lonchodectidae pertain to the teeth and jaws The teeth on both the upper and lower jaws are generally small do not vary in size through the length of the jaw and are placed on raised alveolar margins The upper palate has a prominent ridge One genus Lonchodraco has prominent crests at the tips of both the skull and mandible while another Ikrandraco only has a crest on the mandible Only Lonchodraco and Ikrandraco preserve postcrania which is similar to other lanceodontians 7 Classification edit nbsp Reconstruction of Lonchodectes with hypothetical bauplanThe cladogram below is a topology recovered by Longrich and colleagues in 2018 In their analysis they placed the family Lonchodectidae as the sister taxon of the family Boreopteridae while also placed within the more inclusive group Ornithocheiromorpha 15 Ornithocheiromorpha HongshanopterusLonchodectidae LonchodracoLonchodectesBoreopteridae BoreopterusZhenyuanopterus Lanceodontia Istiodactylidae NurhachiusLiaoxipterusIstiodactylusAetodactylusCimoliopterusAnhangueria Other studies including Pegas et al 2019 and Holgado amp Pegas 2020 however have only included Ikrandraco and Lonchodraco in this group therefore using the name Lonchodraconidae instead 1 2 Paleobiology editLifestyle edit Postcranial material similar to those of azhdarchoids has previously been referred to Lonchodectes 16 however this material has later been referred to the azhdarchoid Ornithostoma 17 Ikrandraco is presumed to have been piscivorous though this is not completely confirmed 18 Lonchodraco bore sensor pits similar to those of modern probe feeding birds though it appears to be unlikely that it was a probe feeder due to its large size and broad jaw ends it has been suggested that it similarly procured food items on the ground or in water such as fish or insects 19 References edit a b Pegas R V Holgado B Leal M E C 2019 Targaryendraco wiedenrothi gen nov Pterodactyloidea Pteranodontoidea Lanceodontia and recognition of a new cosmopolitan lineage of Cretaceous toothed pterodactyloids Historical Biology 1 15 doi 10 1080 08912963 2019 1690482 a b Holgado B Pegas R V 2020 A taxonomic and phylogenetic review of the anhanguerid pterosaur group Coloborhynchinae and the new clade Tropeognathinae Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65 doi 10 4202 app 00751 2020 Unwin David M 2003 On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs In Buffetaut Eric Mazin Jean Michel eds Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs Geological Society Special Publication 217 London Geological Society pp 139 190 ISBN 1 86239 143 2 Unwin D M 2008 Witton M P Martill D M and Green M 2009 On pterodactyloid diversity in the British Wealden Lower Cretaceous and a reappraisal of Palaeornis cliftii Mantell 1844 Cretaceous Research 30 676 686 Andres B Myers T S 2013 Lone Star Pterosaurs Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103 3 4 383 398 doi 10 1017 S1755691013000303 S2CID 84617119 a b c Averianov A O 2020 Taxonomy of the Lonchodectidae Pterosauria Pterodactyloidea Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 324 1 41 55 doi 10 31610 trudyzin 2020 324 1 41 Pterosaurs Natural History Evolution Anatomy Mark P Witton 2013 Hooley R W 1914 On the Ornithosaurian genus Ornithocheirus with a review of the specimens from the Cambridge Greensand in the Sedgwick Museum Cambridge Annals and Magazine of Natural History series 8 78 529 557 Unwin David M 2001 An overview of the pterosaur assemblage from the Cambridge Greensand Cretaceous of Eastern England Mitteilungen as dem Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 4 189 222 Rodrigues T Kellner A 2013 Taxonomic review of the Ornithocheirus complex Pterosauria from the Cretaceous of England ZooKeys 308 1 112 doi 10 3897 zookeys 308 5559 PMC 3689139 PMID 23794925 J Lu S Ji C Yuan Y Gao Z Sun and Q Ji 2006 New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning Papers from the 2005 Heyuan International Dinosaur Symposium Geological Publishing House Beijing 195 203 Witton Mark P 2013 Pterosaurs Natural History Evolution Anatomy Rigal S Martill D M Sweetman S C 2017 A new pterosaur specimen from the Upper Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation Cretaceous Valanginian of southern England and a review of Lonchodectes sagittirostris Owen 1874 Geological Society London Special Publications 455 221 232 doi 10 1144 SP455 5 S2CID 133080548 Longrich N R Martill D M and Andres B 2018 Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous Paleogene boundary PLoS Biology 16 3 e2001663 doi 10 1371 journal pbio 2001663 Pterosaurs Natural History Evolution Anatomy Mark P Witton 2013 Averianov A O 2012 Ornithostoma sedgwicki valid taxon of azhdarchoid pterosaurs Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 316 1 40 49 Xiaolin Wang Taissa Rodrigues Shunxing Jiang Xin Cheng Alexander W A Kellner 2014 An Early Cretaceous pterosaur with an unusual mandibular crest from China and a potential novel feeding strategy Scientific Reports 4 Article number 6329 Bibcode 2014NatSR 4E6329W doi 10 1038 srep06329 PMC 5385874 PMID 25210867 David M Martill Roy E Smith Nicholas Longrich James Brown 2020 Evidence for tactile feeding in pterosaurs a sensitive tip to the beak of Lonchodraco giganteus Pterosauria Lonchodectidae from the Upper Cretaceous of southern England Cretaceous Research in press Article 104637 doi 10 1016 j cretres 2020 104637 S2CID 225130037 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lonchodectidae amp oldid 1094519071, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
