Lithium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiCN. It is a toxic, white colored, hygroscopic, water-soluble salt that finds only niche uses.
LiCN arises from the interaction of lithium hydroxide and hydrogen cyanide. A laboratory-scale preparation uses acetone cyanohydrin as a surrogate for HCN:[5]
(CH3)2C(OH)CN + LiH → (CH3)2CO + LiCN + H2
Uses
The compound decomposes to cyanamide and carbon when heated to a temperature close to but below 600 °C. Acids react to give hydrogen cyanide.[6]
Lithium cyanide can be used as a reagent for organic compound cyanation.[7]
RX + LiCN → RCN + LiX
References
^J. A. Lely, J. M. Bijvoet (1942), "The Crystal Structure of Lithium Cyanide", Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, vol. 61, London: WILEY-VCH Verlag, doi:10.1002/recl.19420610402
^Haynes, W.M (2013), , in Bruno, Thomas. (ed.), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (93 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: Fitzroy Dearborn, archived from the original on 2017-07-24, retrieved 2012-12-09
^Material Safety Data Sheet: Lithium Cyanide, 0.5M Solution in N,N-Dimethylformamide, Fisher Scientific, 16 June 1999
^"Lithium cyanide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
^Livinghouse, Tom (1981). "Trimethylsilyl Cyanide: Cyanosilylation of p-Benzoquinone". Org. Synth. 60: 126. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.060.0126.
^L. Pesce (2010). "Cyanides". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0325011416051903.a01.pub2. ISBN978-0471238966.
lithium, cyanide, inorganic, compound, with, chemical, formula, licn, toxic, white, colored, hygroscopic, water, soluble, salt, that, finds, only, niche, uses, identifierscas, number, 2408, model, jsmol, interactive, imagechemspider, 68007echa, infocard, 554ec. Lithium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiCN It is a toxic white colored hygroscopic water soluble salt that finds only niche uses Lithium cyanide 1 2 3 IdentifiersCAS Number 2408 36 83D model JSmol Interactive imageChemSpider 68007ECHA InfoCard 100 017 554EC Number 219 308 3PubChem CID 75478UN number 1935CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID10946920InChI InChI 1S CN Li c1 2 q 1 1Key JORQDGTZGKHEEO UHFFFAOYSA NSMILES Li C NPropertiesChemical formula LiCNMolar mass 32 959 g molAppearance White PowderDensity 1 073 g cm3 18 C Melting point 160 C 320 F 433 K Dark coloredBoiling point N ASolubility in water SolubleHenry s lawconstant kH N AStructureCrystal structure Coordination geometry FourfoldHazardsGHS labelling 4 PictogramsSignal word DangerHazard statements EUH032 H226 H300 H310 H330 H410Precautionary statements P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P260 P262 P264 P270 P271 P273 P280 P284 P301 P310 P302 P350 P303 P361 P353 P304 P340 P310 P320 P321 P322 P330 P361 P363 P370 P378 P391 P403 P233 P403 P235 P405 P501NFPA 704 fire diamond 401Flash point 57 C 135 F 330 K Autoignitiontemperature N ASafety data sheet SDS 742899Related compoundsRelated compounds Sodium cyanide Potassium cyanide Hydrogen cyanideExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Infobox referencesPreparation EditLiCN arises from the interaction of lithium hydroxide and hydrogen cyanide A laboratory scale preparation uses acetone cyanohydrin as a surrogate for HCN 5 CH3 2C OH CN LiH CH3 2CO LiCN H2Uses EditThe compound decomposes to cyanamide and carbon when heated to a temperature close to but below 600 C Acids react to give hydrogen cyanide 6 Lithium cyanide can be used as a reagent for organic compound cyanation 7 RX LiCN RCN LiXReferences Edit J A Lely J M Bijvoet 1942 The Crystal Structure of Lithium Cyanide Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays Bas vol 61 London WILEY VCH Verlag doi 10 1002 recl 19420610402 Haynes W M 2013 Bernard Lewis in Bruno Thomas ed Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 93 ed Boca Raton Florida Fitzroy Dearborn archived from the original on 2017 07 24 retrieved 2012 12 09 Material Safety Data Sheet Lithium Cyanide 0 5M Solution in N N Dimethylformamide Fisher Scientific 16 June 1999 Lithium cyanide pubchem ncbi nlm nih gov Retrieved 19 December 2021 Livinghouse Tom 1981 Trimethylsilyl Cyanide Cyanosilylation of p Benzoquinone Org Synth 60 126 doi 10 15227 orgsyn 060 0126 L Pesce 2010 Cyanides Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 0471238961 0325011416051903 a01 pub2 ISBN 978 0471238966 Harusawa Shinya Yoneda Ryuji Omori Yukie Kurihara Takushi 1987 Non aqueous cyanation of halides using lithium cyanide Tetrahedron Letters Elsevier 28 36 4189 4190 doi 10 1016 S0040 4039 00 95575 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lithium cyanide amp oldid 1118607761, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
