Wikipedia
List of works by Thomas Harrison
Thomas Harrison was an English architect who flourished in the last two decades of the 18th century and the first three decades of the 19th century. Little is known of his early life, and his precise date of birth is not known. He was born in Richmond, Yorkshire, and was baptised on 7 August 1744. In 1769 he was sent to study architecture in Rome. He started his professional life as an architect in 1782.[1] This followed his success in a competition to design Skerton Bridge in Lancaster, Lancashire,[2] as a result of which he moved to Lancaster.[3] While there he carried out a number of projects, including a new tower and spire for St John's Church, a clock tower for the town hall,[4] and new buildings within the complex of Lancaster Castle.[5] While he was working on Lancaster Castle, he was also involved in the design of new buildings within Chester Castle, Cheshire.[6] In 1795, Harrison moved with his family to Chester, where he spent the rest of his career.[1][3] Following his success with Skerton Bridge, Harrison designed more bridges, including Harrington Bridge in Derbyshire, St Mary's Bridge in Derby, Stramongate Bridge in Kendal, Cumbria, and smaller bridges in Lancashire,[7] and Cheshire.[8]
Harrison is considered to have been a leader of Greek Revival architecture in the northwest of England.[3] His major surviving works in this style include the Lyceum in Liverpool,[9] the Portico Library in Manchester,[10] and the Commercial Newsroom in Chester.[11] Most of Harrison's works are in Lancashire and Cheshire, but he also designed buildings in North Wales, and in Shropshire. His only work away from this part of the country was his design for the New Buildings at Magdalen College, Oxford.[12] In Chester, Harrison designed a house for himself, St Martin's Lodge.[13] In addition to domestic and civic buildings, he worked on memorial structures, including the Jubilee Tower on Moel Famau in North Wales,[14] Lord Hill's Column in Shrewsbury, Shropshire,[15] and a memorial gateway in Holyhead, Anglesey.[16] His final major designs were for two bridges in Chester. In 1825–26 he widened the Old Dee Bridge.[17] He then designed a new bridge, the Grosvenor Bridge. This was not completed until after his death in 1829, but it was at the time the largest structure of its type in the world.[3][18][19][20][21][22]
Key Edit
| Grade | Criteria[23] | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | Buildings of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important | ||||||||||||
| II* | Particularly important buildings of more than special interest | ||||||||||||
| II | Buildings of national importance and special interest | ||||||||||||
| Category (Scotland) | Criteria[24] | ||||||||||||
| Category A | Buildings of national or international importance, either architectural or historic, or fine little-altered examples of some particular period, style or building type. | ||||||||||||
| Category B | Buildings of regional or more than local importance, or major examples of some particular period, style or building type which may have been altered. | ||||||||||||
| Category C(S) | Buildings of local importance, lesser examples of any period, style, or building type, as originally constructed or moderately altered; and simple traditional buildings which group well with others in categories A and B. | ||||||||||||
| "—" denotes a work that is not graded. | |||||||||||||
Works Edit
| Name | Location | Photograph | Date | Notes | Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Town Hall | Lancaster, Lancashire 54°02′56″N 2°48′06″W / 54.0489°N 2.8018°W | 1782 | Added the clock tower. Now Lancaster City Museum.[3][25][26][27] | II* | |
| St John's Church | Lancaster, Lancashire 54°03′16″N 2°47′48″W / 54.0545°N 2.7966°W | 1783–84 | Added the west tower and spire.[28][29][30] | II* | |
| Skerton Bridge | Lancaster, Lancashire 54°03′16″N 2°47′48″W / 54.0545°N 2.7966°W | 1783–87 | A new bridge crossing the River Lune costing £14,000 (equivalent to £1,890,000 in 2021).[31] It was the first large public bridge in England to have a flat road deck.[3][32][33][34][35] | II* | |
| Bridge Houses | Lancaster, Lancashire 54°03′14″N 2°47′41″W / 54.0540°N 2.7948°W | 1786–87 | Built as a toll house and as houses for renting opposite Skerton Bridge.[36][37][38] | II* | |
| County Gaol | Lancaster, Lancashire 54°03′00″N 2°48′20″W / 54.0499°N 2.8056°W | 1788–96 | Built within Lancaster Castle. Included the Keeper's House, the Female Felons' Prison, and the Male Felons' Prison.[5] | I | |
| Harrington Bridge | Sawley, Derbyshire 52°52′31″N 1°18′04″W / 52.8754°N 1.3012°W | 1789–90 | A new bridge over the River Trent to replace a ferry. It was severely damaged by a flood in 1904 and only small portions of it remain.[39][40][41][42] | II | |
| St Mary's Bridge | Derby, Derbyshire 52°55′38″N 1°28′31″W / 52.9272°N 1.4752°W | 1789–94 | Replacing a medieval bridge. It has a flat road deck carried on three arches.[3][43][44][45] | II* | |
| Chester Castle | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′09″N 2°53′30″W / 53.1858°N 2.8918°W | 1789–1802 | The earliest building was the county gaol on a site sloping down to the River Dee. It has been largely demolished and was replaced by Cheshire County Hall. At about the some time the Shire Hall was built and still functions as a criminal court.[46][47][48][49] | I | |
| Entrance screen | Chester Road, Wrexham, Wales 53°03′34″N 2°59′24″W / 53.0595°N 2.9901°W | c.1790 | Attributed to Harrison; an entrance screen to the now-demolished Acton Park.[50][51] | II | |
| Springfield Hall | Lancaster, Lancashire 54°02′32″N 2°47′57″W / 54.0421°N 2.7992°W | 1790–92 | A large suburban villa, almost certainly by Harrison. Demolished in 1862. The Centenary Building of the Royal Lancaster Infirmary now stands on the site. If by Harrison, it was his earliest house.[52] | — | |
| Stramongate Bridge | Kendal, Cumbria 54°19′48″N 2°44′30″W / 54.3300°N 2.7418°W | 1791–97 | Rebuilding of a medieval bridge. It is a scheduled ancient monument. | — | |
| Greycourt | Lancaster, Lancashire 54°03′01″N 2°48′16″W / 54.0504°N 2.8044°W | c.1792 | Attributed to Harrison, a house built for Richard Postlethwaite.[56][57] | II | |
| Cocker Bridge | Cockerham, Lancashire 53°57′09″N 2°50′20″W / 53.9524°N 2.8388°W | 1793 | Since replaced by a pair of sluice gates.[58] | — | |
| Mill House Bridge | Pilling, Lancashire 53°56′38″N 2°51′54″W / 53.9440°N 2.8651°W | 1793 | Little more than a culvert, it carries the A588 road.[58] | — | |
| Denny Beck Bridge | Halton, Lancashire 54°04′18″N 2°45′37″W / 54.0718°N 2.7604°W | 1793 | Carries the A683 road over the Denny Beck.[58] | — | |
| Mausoleum | Gosford House, East Lothian, Scotland 56°00′00″N 2°52′27″W / 56.0001°N 2.8743°W | 1793 | Almost certainly by Harrison, for Francis Charteris, 7th Earl of Wemyss.[59][60] | A | |
| Kennet House | Kennet, Clackmannanshire, Scotland 56°05′52″N 3°44′27″W / 56.0977°N 3.7408°W | 1793–94 | Built for Robert Bruce. It was Harrison's first major house design. Demolished March 1967.[3][61][62] | — | |
| Quernmore Park Hall | Quernmore, Lancashire 54°03′31″N 2°44′24″W / 54.0585°N 2.7400°W | 1795–98 | Almost certainly by Harrison; a new country house for Charles Gibson.[63][64][65] | II* | |
| Chain Lodge | Quernmore, Lancashire 54°04′27″N 2°44′45″W / 54.0743°N 2.7458°W | 1795–98 | A lodge to Quernmore Park Hall; almost certainly by Harrison.[66][67][68] | II | |
| Broomhall | Limekilns, Fife, Scotland 56°02′14″N 3°29′00″W / 56.0372°N 3.4833°W | 1795–99 | Extended and re-modelled an 18th-century house for Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin.[3][69][70] | A | |
| Lancaster Castle | Lancaster, Lancashire 54°03′00″N 2°48′20″W / 54.0499°N 2.8056°W | 1796–98 | Reconstruction, including the Shire Hall and Crown Court.[71][72][73][74] | I | |
| Lyceum | Liverpool, Merseyside 53°24′16″N 2°58′50″W / 53.4044°N 2.9806°W | 1800–02 | Built as a gentlemen's club, with a library and a newsroom, at a cost of £11,000 (equivalent to £1,040,000 in 2021).[31] Later a post office.[9][75][76] | II* | |
| Lymford Bridge | Bosley, Cheshire 53°10′58″N 2°07′58″W / 53.1829°N 2.1329°W | c. 1800 | Bridge over the River Dane.[77][78] | II | |
| Oversley Ford Bridge | Wilmslow, Cheshire 53°20′33″N 2°16′40″W / 53.3426°N 2.2777°W | c. 1800 | Bridge carrying the A538 road over the River Bollin.[77] | — | |
| Radnor Bridge | Congleton, Cheshire 53°10′57″N 2°15′20″W / 53.1826°N 2.2555°W | c. 1800 | Bridge carrying Chelford Road over the River Dane.[77] | — | |
| House of Correction | Middlewich, Cheshire | 1801 | Repairs to the building on Queen Street, which has since been demolished.[79] | — | |
| Colinton House | Edinburgh, Scotland 55°54′43″N 3°15′20″W / 55.9119°N 3.2556°W | 1801–06 | Adapted from plans drawn up by Harrison for Sir William Forbes. More recently part of Merchiston Castle School.[80][81] | A | |
| Portico Library | Manchester 53°28′47″N 2°14′25″W / 53.4797°N 2.2404°W | 1803–06 | Built at a cost of about £6,800 (equivalent to £590,000 in 2021).[31][10][82][83] | II* | |
| St Peter's Church | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′25″N 2°53′30″W / 53.1904°N 2.8918°W | 1804 | Refacing the stonework of the south face after timber lean-to buildings had been demolished.[84][85][86] | I | |
| Chester Castle | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′09″N 2°53′30″W / 53.1858°N 2.8918°W | 1804–15 | Further buildings including an armoury on the west side of the parade ground, barracks (later a museum) on the east side, and a propylaea or gateway (pictured).[47][48][87][88][89][90] | I | |
| St John the Baptist's Church | Whittington, Shropshire 52°52′29″N 3°00′09″W / 52.8747°N 3.0026°W | 1805–06 | Replacement of nave and porches after storm damage. The nave is wider than the previous nave, the work costing about £1,500 (equivalent to £130,000 in 2021).[31] It has since been altered.[85][91][92] | II | |
| Theatre Royal | Manchester | 1806–07 | Built at a cost of about £12,000 (equivalent to £1,020,000 in 2021),[31] it could seat 1,020 people. It was destroyed by fire in 1844.[93][94] | — | |
| City Gaol and House of Correction | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′28″N 2°53′51″W / 53.1910°N 2.8974°W | 1806–08 | Built to replace the old gaol at Northgate, costing about £3,500 (equivalent to £290,000 in 2021).[31] It has been demolished, and the site is now occupied by the Queen's School.[79] | — | |
| Exchange | Manchester 53°28′58″N 2°14′42″W / 53.4828°N 2.2449°W | 1806–09 | Replacing an earlier exchange, it provided a meeting place for merchants, including a newsroom, a library, a dining room, and a post office. It was enlarged in 1849, and replaced in 1874.[95][96] | — | |
| Commercial Newsroom | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′26″N 2°53′30″W / 53.1906°N 2.8916°W | 1807–08 | Gentlemen's club costing about £2,700 (equivalent to £220,000 in 2021).[31][11][97][98][99] | II | |
| Gredington | Hanmer, Wrexham, Wales 52°56′32″N 2°49′33″W / 52.9422°N 2.8259°W | 1807–11 | Harrison enlarged and remodelled the rear of this country house for the 2nd Lord Kenyon at a cost of £6,675 (equivalent to £520,000 in 2021).[31] The house was demolished between in 1978, and a new house has been built on the site.[100][101] | — | |
| Northgate | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′38″N 2°53′36″W / 53.1938°N 2.8934°W | 1808–10 | Rebuilding of the northern entrance to the city.[102][103][104][105] | I | |
| Tabley House | Tabley Inferior, Cheshire | 1808–10 | Creation of a picture gallery on the first floor of the house for Sir John Fleming Leicester.[106][107][108] | I | |
| Oughtrington Hall | Oughtrington, Cheshire 53°22′43″N 2°27′34″W / 53.3787°N 2.4595°W | c. 1810 | Almost certainly designed by Harrison. It was a country house built for Trafford Trafford. The house has been incorporated into the buildings of Lymm High School.[109][110][111] | II | |
| Glan-yr-Afon | Llanferres, Denbighshire, Wales 53°08′51″N 3°12′26″W / 53.1474°N 3.2073°W | c. 1810–12 | A country house for Henry Potts of Chester. Almost certainly designed by Harrison.[112][113][114] | II | |
| Jubilee Tower | Moel Famau, Flintshire, Wales 53°09′16″N 3°15′22″W / 53.1544°N 3.2560°W | 1810–13 | Built on the highest point of the Clwydian Range to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of George III. The foundation stone was laid in 1810, but construction did not start until 1813, and it was never fully completed. It was in the form of an Egyptian obelisk. In 1862 the obelisk collapsed. The remains were consolidated into a viewing platform in 1970.[14][115][116] | II | |
| Denbighshire Infirmary | Denbigh, Wales 53°11′09″N 3°24′36″W / 53.1859°N 3.4099°W | 1810–13 | Built to replace a dispensary of 1807. It has been extended several times.[100][117] | — | |
| Wesleyan Methodist Church | St John Street, Chester, Cheshire 53°11′23″N 2°53′17″W / 53.1898°N 2.8880°W | 1811 | Harrison designed the exterior, and William Cole the interior. The church was extended and re-orientated in 1906.[118][119][120] | II | |
| Church of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas | Liverpool, Merseyside 53°24′25″N 2°59′41″W / 53.4070°N 2.9948°W | 1811–15 | A new tower and lantern after the previous steeple had collapsed in 1810. It cost over £22,000 (equivalent to £540,000 in 2021),[31] and rises to a height of 120 feet (36.6 m).[121][122][123] | II | |
| Woodbank | Stockport, Greater Manchester 53°24′36″N 2°07′52″W / 53.4100°N 2.1311°W | 1812–14 | Villa for Peter Marsland, a local industrialist. Later a museum, then offices. Harrison almost certainly also designed the entrance screen.[124][125][126] | II* | |
| Mersey Bridge | Warrington, Cheshire 53°23′09″N 2°35′29″W / 53.3858°N 2.5913°W | 1813–17 | A timber bridge carrying what is now the A49 road over the River Mersey. It replaced a medieval structure at a cost of £3,000 (equivalent to £230,000 in 2021).[31] It was itself replaced in 1837 by a stone bridge.[127] | — | |
| Dee Hills House | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′30″N 2°52′36″W / 53.1918°N 2.8767°W | 1814 | Built as a country house, later used as offices.[128][129][130] | II | |
| Chapel of West Hall | High Legh, Cheshire 53°21′11″N 2°27′06″W / 53.3531°N 2.4518°W | 1814 | Built with an Ionic front, replacing a ruined chapel dating from 1408. Burnt down in 1891, and the remaining fragments were incorporated in St John's Church.[131][132][133] | — | |
| Lord Hill's Column | Shrewsbury, Shropshire 52°42′15″N 2°43′54″W / 52.7042°N 2.7318°W | 1814–16 | Harrison made modifications mainly to the pedestal of the structure that had been designed by Edward Haycock.[15][134][135] | II* | |
| Allerton (Grove House) | Liverpool, Merseyside 53°22′21″N 2°53′14″W / 53.3726°N 2.8873°W | 1815 | Built as a house for Jacob Fletcher. The grounds have been used as a municipal golf course since 1921. The house has been seriously damaged by fire and is in ruins, other than its northwest part, which is used as the golf club house.[136][137][138] | II | |
| Cranage Bridge | Holmes Chapel, Cheshire 53°12′23″N 2°21′51″W / 53.2064°N 2.3643°W | 1815–16 | A timber bridge carrying what is now the A50 road over the River Dane. It was later replaced by a bridge in stone.[139] | — | |
| Dorfold Hall | Acton, Cheshire 53°04′07″N 2°32′42″W / 53.0685°N 2.5451°W | 1816 | The interior of the east wing was remodelled.[140][141] | I | |
| The Marquess of Anglesey's Column | Llanfairpwyll, Anglesey 53°13′15″N 4°11′48″W / 53.2208°N 4.1967°W | 1816–17 | A column in Greek Revival Doric style to commemorate the achievements of Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey in the Napoleonic Wars.[142][143][144] | II* | |
| St Paul's Church | Liverpool, Merseyside | 1818 | A domed ceiling for the church, which originally dated from 1763–79. It closed in 1901, and has since been demolished.[145][146] | — | |
| Chester Cathedral | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′31″N 2°53′26″W / 53.1919°N 2.8905°W | 1818–20 | Harrison was the first architect to be involved in the 19th-century restoration of the cathedral. His work included rebuilding the front of the central south transept.[147][148][149] | I | |
| Watergate House | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′22″N 2°53′46″W / 53.1894°N 2.8962°W | 1820 | Built as a town house for Henry Potts, Clerk of the Peace for the County of Cheshire. It later became the headquarters of Western Command, then the headquarters of the Cheshire Community Council. It has since been used as offices.[150][151][152][153] | II* | |
| Exchange | Chester, Cheshire | c. 1820 | Harrison made internal alterations. The exchange burnt down in 1862.[154] | — | |
| Hoole Hall | Chester, Cheshire 53°12′23″N 2°51′16″W / 53.2063°N 2.8545°W | c. 1820 | Harrison designed a cast iron veranda and conservatory.[155] | II | |
| Chirk Castle | Chirk, Wrexham, Wales 52°56′07″N 3°05′21″W / 52.9352°N 3.0893°W | c. 1820 | Harrison made alterations to the east wing.[156][157][158] | I | |
| Hardwick Grange | Hadnall, Shropshire 52°47′17″N 2°42′18″W / 52.7880°N 2.7049°W | 1821 | Alterations made for Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill, at a cost of £4,911 (equivalent to £450,000 in 2021).[31] It was later extended, but demolished in 1931. Harrison's entrance lodge survives and is listed at Grade II.[159][160][161] | II | |
| New Buildings, Magdalen College | Oxford 51°45′11″N 1°14′45″W / 51.7530°N 1.2459°W | 1821–24 | Alterations to the buildings of 1733.[12][162] | I | |
| Tilstone Lodge | Tilstone Fearnall, Cheshire 53°08′41″N 2°38′46″W / 53.1448°N 2.6461°W | 1821–25 | A country house built for Admiral John Richard Delap Halliday, (later Tollemache).[163][164][165][166] | II | |
| St Martin's Lodge | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′31″N 2°53′26″W / 53.1919°N 2.8905°W | 1822–23 | A villa built by Harrison for his own use. It has since been used for various purposes, including as a parsonage, and as an administrative office for the police.[13][167][168] | II | |
| Admiralty Arch | Holyhead, Anglesey, Wales 53°18′51″N 4°37′29″W / 53.3142°N 4.6247°W | 1822–24 | Built to commemorate the landing of George IV in 1821.[16] | II* | |
| The Citadel | Hawkstone Park, Shropshire 52°51′09″N 2°38′18″W / 52.8525°N 2.6384°W | 1824–25 | Built for Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill as a dower house. Later a hotel.[169][170][171] | II* | |
| Old Dee Bridge | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′08″N 2°53′19″W / 53.1855°N 2.8887°W | 1825–26 | Medieval bridge widened by the addition of a footway on the east side, and new arches.[17][172][173] | I | |
| Grosvenor Bridge | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′01″N 2°53′46″W / 53.1836°N 2.8961°W | 1827–33 | Harrison designed the bridge as an alternative crossing of the River Dee to the Old Dee Bridge. He resigned before it was finished, and its completion was supervised by his pupil William Cole. At the time it was built it was the largest structure of its type in the world.[3][18][19][20][21][22][49] Its span of 200 feet (61 m) is still the longest masonry arch in Britain.[35] | I |
References Edit
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
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