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Magdalen College, Oxford

Magdalen College (/ˈmɔːdlɪn/, MAWD-lin)[4] is a constituent college of the University of Oxford.[5] It was founded in 1458 by William of Waynflete.[6] Today, it is the fourth wealthiest college, with a financial endowment of £332.1 million[7] as of 2019 and one of the strongest academically, setting the record for the highest Norrington Score in 2010 and topping the table twice since then.[8] It is home to several of the university's distinguished chairs, including the Agnelli-Serena Professorship, the Sherardian Professorship, and the four Waynflete Professorships.

Magdalen College
Oxford
New Quad and Founders Tower
Arms: Lozengy ermine and sable, on a chief of the second three lilies argent slipped and seeded or
Scarf colours: black, with two equally-spaced wide bands of white
LocationLongwall Street and High Street
Coordinates51°45′09″N 1°14′49″W / 51.752374°N 1.247077°W / 51.752374; -1.247077Coordinates: 51°45′09″N 1°14′49″W / 51.752374°N 1.247077°W / 51.752374; -1.247077
Full nameThe College of St Mary Magdalen in the University of Oxford
Latin nameCollegium Beatae Mariae Magdalenae
MottoFloreat Magdalena
Established1458; 565 years ago (1458)
Named forMary Magdalene
Sister collegeMagdalene College, Cambridge
PresidentDinah Rose KC[1]
Undergraduates390[2] (2018)
Postgraduates178[2] (2018)
Endowment£332.1 million (2019)[3]
Websitewww.magd.ox.ac.uk
Boat clubMagdalen College Boat Club
Map
Location in Oxford city centre

The large, square Magdalen Tower is an Oxford landmark, and it is a tradition, dating to the days of Henry VII, that the college choir sings from the top of it at 6 a.m. on May Morning.[9] The college stands next to the River Cherwell and the University of Oxford Botanic Garden. Within its grounds are a deer park and Addison's Walk.

History

Foundation

Magdalen College was founded in 1458 by William of Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor of England[6] and named after St Mary Magdalene. The college succeeded a university hall called Magdalen Hall, founded by Waynflete in 1448, and from which the college drew most of its earliest scholars.[10] Magdalen Hall was suppressed when the college was founded. The name was revived for a second Magdalen Hall, established in the college's grounds around 1490, which in the 19th century was moved to Catte Street and became Hertford College.[11][12] Waynflete also established a school, now Magdalen College School, an independent school located nearby on the other side of the Cherwell. Waynflete was assisted by a large bequest from Sir John Fastolf, who wished to fund a religious college.[13]

Magdalen College took over the site of St John the Baptist Hospital, alongside the Cherwell, initially using the hospital's buildings until new construction was completed between 1470 and 1480.[14] At incorporation in 1458, the college consisted of a president and six scholars. In 1487 when the Founder's Statutes were written, the foundation consisted of a President, 40 fellows, 30 demies, four chaplain priests, eight clerks, 16 choristers, and appointed to the Grammar School, a Master and an usher.[10]

The founder's statutes included provision for a choral foundation of men and boys (a tradition that has continued to the present day) and made reference to the pronunciation of the name of the college in English. The college's name is pronounced like the adjective maudlin because the late medieval English name of Mary Magdalene was Maudelen, derived from the Old French Madelaine.[15]

English Civil War

 
De Gomme's plan of Oxford's Civil War-era defences, 1644, shows Dover's Speare and other defences built around college grounds.

Oxford and Magdalen College were supporters of the Royalist cause during the English Civil War. In 1642, Magdalen College donated over 296 lbs of plate to fund the war effort – the largest donation by weight of any Oxford college.[16]

Magdalen College, commanding a position on the banks of the Cherwell that overlooked Magdalen Bridge and the road from London, had tactical significance for the King's forces. From 1643 to 1645, Magdalen's Grove was occupied by the Royalist ordnance, and Prince Rupert is thought to have quartered in the college.[17][10]

The city built fortifications in preparation for siege through Magdalen's grounds, including Dover's Speare (or Pier), a bastion that would have allowed observation to the north and east of the city. The earthworks where it was located, in the Water Meadow where the Cherwell forks, are still apparent today.[17] Further fortifications and earthworks were built to protect the Holywell Ford site to the north.[18] During the first Siege of Oxford, Charles I surveyed the battle from Magdalen Tower.[19]

Following the capitulation of Oxford to Thomas Fairfax at the end of the First English Civil War, Parliament ordered a Visitation to Oxford to purge Fellows for political and religious reasons. In 1647, the Visitors removed the then-president of Magdalen John Oliver and appointed instead one of their number, John Wilkinson, a former Principal of Magdalen Hall who had previously run unsuccessfully for the position of President at the college. When they refused to submit to the authority of Parliament, around 28 of the fellows, 21 of the demies (scholars), and all but one of the servants were also expelled. With the Royalists finally removed, the college would host Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell in 1649.[10]

After the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 John Oliver was reappointed to the college, followed by 17 fellows and eight demies.[10]

Expulsion of the Fellows

 
The Expulsion of the Fellows, 1687 by Joseph Tonneau (1884).

During the 1680s, King James II made several moves to reintroduce Catholicism into the then Anglican university.[20] In 1687, he attempted to install Anthony Farmer as president of Magdalen. The fellows rejected this, not just because Farmer was reputedly a Catholic and had a tarnished reputation, but also as he was not a fellow of the college, and therefore ineligible under the statutes.[20][10] The fellows elected instead one of their own, John Hough. James eventually offered a compromise candidate in the form of the moderate Bishop of Oxford, Samuel Parker,[20] but he too was rejected by the fellows as they considered the role filled.[21][22]

Parker was admitted by force[10] and the fellows and demies who had defied the king were expelled, replaced by the king's choice of Catholics or moderate Anglicans. Parker died in 1688 and was replaced by Bonaventure Giffard, a Catholic under whose tenure the Chapel converted to Catholicism.[20]

The expulsion of the fellows marked a turning point in the university's relationship with the Crown: Brockliss writes, "the royalist and Anglican University established at the Restoration had had to make a choice and it had chosen Anglicanism."[20] James' interference with the college fed resentment in Anglicans who used it as evidence that his rule was autocratic.[20][22] On 25 October 1688, shortly before the Glorious Revolution and overthrow of James II by William of Orange, James' appointments were reversed and Hough and the expelled fellows were restored to the college.[20][22] This event is marked every year at a special banquet, the Restoration Dinner, for Magdalen fellows, demies, and academic clerks.[22]

20th–21st centuries

Magdalen's prominence since the mid-20th century owes much to such famous fellows as C. S. Lewis and A. J. P. Taylor, and its academic success to the work of such dons as Thomas Dewar Weldon.[23] During World War II, RAF Maintenance Command was headquartered at Magdalen.[24]

Magdalen College owns and manages the Oxford Science Park to the south of Oxford, a science and technology park home to over 100 companies. The Oxford Science Park opened in 1991, with Magdalen as part owner. The college acquired total ownership in 2016,[25][26] before selling 40% of its stake in 2021 for £160 million.[27] It was reported that this sale will more than double the size of Magdalen's endowment fund, and make it "probably the richest of Oxford's 39 colleges".[28]

Like many of Oxford's colleges, Magdalen admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, after more than half a millennium as a men-only institution.[6] Between 2015 and 2017, 47.2% of UK undergraduates admitted to Magdalen were from state schools; 12.2% were of BME ("black and ethnic minority") heritage and 0.7% were black.[29] Of the 300 undergraduate offers made by Magdalen between 2017 and 2019, 25 (one in twelve) went to pupils from Eton College or Westminster School.[30]

Buildings

 
Map of Magdalen College buildings and grounds, marked out in black.

The college grounds stretch north and east from the college, and include most of the area bounded by Longwall Street, the High Street (where the porter's lodge is located), and St Clement's. The college features a variety of architectural styles, and has been described as "a medieval nucleus with two incomplete additions, one from the eighteenth and one from the nineteenth century".[31]

The college is organised around five quads. The irregularly shaped St John's Quad is the first on entering the college, and includes the Outdoor Pulpit and old Grammar Hall. It connects to the Great Quad (the Cloister) via the Perpendicular Gothic Founders Tower, which is richly decorated with carvings and pinnacles and has carved bosses in its vault. The Chaplain's Quad runs along the side of the Chapel and Hall, to the foot of the Great Tower. St Swithun's Quad and Longwall Quad (which contains the Library) date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and make up the southwest corner of the college.[32]

Original buildings

The college is built on the site of St John the Baptist Hospital, which was dissolved in 1457 and its property granted to William of Waynflete.[14] Some of the hospital buildings were reused by the college, and the kitchens survive today as the college bar, the Old Kitchen Bar.[10][33]

New construction began in 1470 with the erection of a wall around the site by mason William Orchard. Following this, Orchard also worked on the chapel, hall, and the cloister, including the Muniment and Founder's Towers, with work completed around 1480.[10]

Cloister

 
View across the Cloister. The far side is the hall (left) and chapel, behind is the Great Tower.

The Cloister or Great Quad is the "medieval nucleus" of the college. It was constructed between 1474 and 1480, also by Orchard, although several modifications were made later. Access to the Cloister from St John's Quad is via the Founder's Tower or Muniment Tower. The chapel and the hall make up the southern side of the quad. It is also home to the junior, middle, and senior common rooms, and the old library.

In 1508, grotesques known as hieroglyphics were added to the Cloister. These are thought to be allegorical, and include four hieroglyphics in front of the old library that represent scholarly subjects: science, medicine, law, and theology.[34][35] The other hieroglyphics have been assigned symbolism relating to virtues that should be encouraged by the college (e.g. the lion and pelican grotesques in front of the Senior Common Room representing courage and parental affection) or vices that should be avoided (the manticore, boxers, and lamia in front of the Junior Common Room, representing pride, contention, and lust).[35] In 2017, repair work was undertaken to restore the severely damaged boxers statue.[36]

In 1822, the north side of the Cloister was knocked down, ostensibly due to disrepair. This decision was controversial, provoking protests from the fellows and in the contemporary press, and it was rebuilt shortly afterwards.[31][10]

In the early 1900s, renovations were performed, and it was returned to a more medieval character. Student rooms were installed in the (very large) roof space in the 1980s.[citation needed]

Chapel

 
The interior of the chapel, showing Wyatt's plaster roof

The chapel is a place of worship for members of the college and others in the University of Oxford community and beyond. As a High Anglican chapel, its tradition is influenced by the Catholic Revival in the Church of England. Said and sung services are held daily during term.[37] The choir sings Choral Evensong or Evening Prayer every day at 6:00 pm except on Mondays.[37] On Sundays, a Sung Eucharist is offered in the morning at 11:00 am. Compline (Night Prayer) is sung once each week, and is followed by a service of Benediction twice per term.[37] Mass is also sung on major holy days.[37][38]

The chapel itself is a grade I listed building built between 1474 and 1480.[39] The roof, giving the impression of a stone vaulted ceiling, is in fact a facsimile made from plaster added in 1790 by James Wyatt. Wyatt's redevelopment of the chapel included a number of modifications to make it more Gothic in character, but other than the ceiling, Wyatt's contributions were removed during a later redesign in 1828.[39][31][40]

The stained glass windows facing St John's Quad feature a grisaille depiction of the Last Judgement. These windows, dating from 1792, are a reconstruction by Francis Eginton of an earlier 17th-century window that was destroyed in a storm.[41] It had been uninstalled during World War II to protect it from damage, and was only restored in the 1990s. Much of the glass had been thought lost, until it was rediscovered in the ventilation tunnels under the New Building.[41]

Magdalen Tower

 
Magdalen College Tower.
 
View of Magdalen College tower from the bridge at night.

Construction of Magdalen's Great Tower began in 1492 by another mason, William Raynold. It might have been intended to replace an existing belfry remaining from the hospital, and probably was originally envisioned to stand alone. By the time it was completed in 1509, additional buildings had been built either side, creating the roughly triangular Chaplain's quad between the chapel and the High.[10]

The tower contains a peal of ten bells hung for English change ringing. They were cast at a number of different foundries and the heaviest, weighing 17 cwt, was cast in 1623.[42]

The tower is 144 feet tall and an imposing landmark on the eastern approaches to the city centre.[32] It has been the model for other towers, including Mitchell Tower of the University of Chicago,[43] Manhattan's First Presbyterian Church,[44] and All Saints' Church in Churchill, Oxfordshire.[45] It forms the centre of the May Morning celebrations in Oxford, from which the choir sing pieces including the Hymnus Eucharisticus and the Dean of Divinity blesses the University, city, and crowds.[9][46]

The New Building

 
The New Building.

During the 18th and 19th centuries, there were numerous attempts made to redesign the site to better suit the college's needs.[31] The New Building began construction in 1733 as a part of Edward Holdsworth's designs from 1731. It is built in a Palladian style, and features a colonnade.[31][32]

It was conceived as one side of a new "Great Quadrangle", and in anticipation of this the building's ends had been left unfinished. However, Holdsworth's full vision was never completed. The idea was revisited several times by later architects, including by architects James Wyatt—whose plans (never realised) included partially demolishing the existing, Medieval quad (the Cloister) and refinishing the neoclassical New Building in a Georgian Gothic style—and John Buckler.[31][40] In the 19th century, John Nash and Humphrey Repton both submitted designs for new, open quadrangles that incorporated the New Building.[31]

Ultimately, the idea of integrating the New Building into a new quad was abandoned, and the ends of the building were finally completed in 1824 with two returns designed by Thomas Harrison.[31] Today, it stands apart from the Cloister, overlooking four croquet lawns on one side and the Grove deer park on the other. It is used for accommodation for undergraduates and fellows, including historically Edward Gibbon and C. S. Lewis, and also houses the wine cellar.[47]

Daubeny laboratory

 
Illustration of the Daubeny Laboratory as it looked c. 1870.

Opposite the main college site and overlooking the Botanic Garden is the 19th century Daubeny Laboratory.[32]

The Garden had been established between 1622 and 1633 as a physic garden (that is, a garden to study the medicinal value of plants) on land inherited by Magdalen from St. John's Hospital.[48] The Daubeny Laboratory, and neighbouring Professor's House, were founded by the polymath and Magdalen fellow Charles Daubeny after he was appointed to the Sherardian Chair of Botany in 1834.[48]

Daubeny set about a number of additions to the location, erecting new glasshouses and in 1836 creating an on-site residence for the Professor of Botany. This replaced an earlier residence that had been demolished in 1795 when the road was widened. The new residence was an extension of the library, which had been created out of a glasshouse by an earlier Sherardian professor, John Sibthorp, to house the Sherard herbarium. After Daubeny's death, this was assimilated to house the growing collection.[48][49] Later, it became accommodation for graduate students, the Professor's House, while the Sherard Herbarium is now part of the Fielding-Druce Herbarium held in the Department of Plant Sciences.[50]

Daubeny, who was also the Aldrichian Professor of Chemistry, had found the chemistry laboratory in the basement of the old Ashmolean Museum, what is now the History of Science Museum, to be "notoriously unworthy of a great University" and desired a better science facility. He petitioned the college to be allowed to build one, and the Daubeny laboratory was completed in 1848.[48][51] The Daubeny Laboratory was preceded by the anatomy school and laboratory at Christ Church which opened in 1767, and would be followed later in the century by other college laboratories including the Balliol-Trinity Laboratories.[52] Daubeny's laboratory was a two-storey room with benches and cupboards encircled by a gallery, and became the principal chemistry lab for the university. In 1902, due to growing student numbers and poor ventilation, the laboratory trappings were removed and it was refitted as a lecture hall.[48] In 1973, most of the Daubeny Laboratory building was reconfigured into graduate student accommodation.[53] The Daubeny lab itself is now a conference space.

St Swithun's quad

 
A view from the Great Tower of St Swithun's Quad, and behind it Longwall Quad.

In 1880–1884, the college extended westwards onto the former site of Magdalen Hall. The hall was an independent academic hall that developed from Magdalen College School, not the earlier Magdalen Hall founded by William Waynflete.[11] Most of Magdalen Hall's buildings were destroyed by fire in 1820, though the Grammar Hall survived and was restored by Joseph Parkinson.[31] The hall moved to Catte Street in 1822 and was incorporated as Hertford College in 1874.[11]

The new construction, St Swithun's quad[32] (sometimes given as St. Swithin's quad[31][54]), was designed by George Frederick Bodley and Thomas Garner in keeping with the Gothic style. They had originally designed three sides of a square, though only the south and west sides were built. In 1928, Giles Gilbert Scott extended the building north and westwards, forming the adjacent Longwall quad.[31]

Modern buildings and acquisitions

 
The Grove Buildings, including the auditorium (left), were completed in 1999.

Several new additions to the college were made in the late 20th century. The Waynflete Building, which is located across Magdalen Bridge from the main college site, was designed by Booth, Ledeboer, and Pinckheard and completed in 1964.[55] Magdalen has a number of additional annexes near to the main site for accommodation, including in Cowley Place and Longwall Street.

The Grove Buildings, located north of Longwall quad between Longwall Street and the Grove, were built in 1994–1999 by Porphyrios Associates. They are home to accommodation, Magdalen's 160-seat auditorium, and the Denning Law Library.[32][56][57] During term time, the auditorium hosts film screenings organised by the Magdalen Film Society.[58]

Along Addison's Walk is the Holywell Ford site, where most of the graduate accommodation is located. Holywell Ford house was built by Clapton Crabb Rolfe in 1888 on the location of an older mill, and was acquired by Magdalen in the 1970s.[59][60] Additional blocks of accommodation were built in 1994-5 by RH Partnership Ltd.[32]

Libraries

 
The redeveloped Longwall Quad. The main Longwall Library building is on the left.

In addition to the university's central and departmental libraries, Oxford's colleges maintain their own libraries. The original college library, the Old Library, is located in the Cloister and accessed via Founder's Tower or the President's Lodgings. It contains a large collection of manuscripts from before the 19th century. Consultation of material is typically by appointment, although the Old Library itself may be visited by the public during certain exhibitions.[57][61]

In 1931, the New Library, now called the Longwall Library, was established in the former Magdalen College School building in Longwall Quad and became the college's main library for students. It was opened by Edward VIII when he was a student at Magdalen.[62] It was renovated between 2014 and 2016 by Wright & Wright Architects and reopened by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge.[63][62]

In addition, the college maintains the Denning Law Library in the Grove building, a reference library for Magdalen's law students, and the specialist Daubeny and McFarlane collections of 19th century scientific works and medieval history works respectively. Items from the Daubeny and McFarlane libraries may be brought to the Longwall Library for consultation on request.[57]

Grounds

The Grove

 
The deer in the Grove

The Grove or deer park is a large meadow which occupies most of the north west of the college's grounds, from the New Building and the Grove Buildings to Holywell Ford. During the winter and spring, it is the home of a herd of fallow deer. It is possible to view the meadow and the deer from the path between New Buildings and Grove Quad, and also from the archway in New Buildings.

In the 16th Century, as recorded in a map from 1578, the Grove consisted of formal enclosed gardens, tree-lined avenues, an orchard, and a fish pond. By 1630, a bowling green had replaced the orchard.[17]

During the Civil War, between 1642 and 1645, the Grove became home to the workshops, forges, and foundries of Royal Ordinance. Following this, the landscaping began to transition from formal gardens to more natural parkland, and the water walks were landscaped. Deer began being cultivated in the college by at least the 1720s, and by the early 19th century the formal gardens had completely disappeared and college Fellow Dr Bloxham noted that the entire Grove had been given over to the deer.[17]

At one point in the 19th century it was home to three traction engines belonging to the works department of the college. By the 20th century it had become well-wooded with many large trees, but most of them were lost to Dutch elm disease in the 1970s.[citation needed]

Water meadow and Addison's Walk

 
Water meadow after winter flooding. The New Building is visible side on in the background.

The water meadow is a flood-meadow to the eastern side of the college, bounded on all sides by the Cherwell. In wet winters, some or all of the meadow may flood, as the meadow is lower lying than the surrounding path. All around the edge of the meadow is a tree-lined path, Addison's Walk, named for the fellow Joseph Addison (1672–1719), which connects to Holywell Ford and the Fellows' Garden.[64]

Addison's Walk is popular with College members and visitors. C. S. Lewis wrote a poem about the walk, Chanson d'Aventure or What the Bird Said Early in the Year, which is commemorated on a plaque near the gate to Holywell Ford.[64][65][66]

Thanks to the frequent flooding, the meadow is one of the few places in the UK that the snake's head fritillary, Fritillaria meleagris, may be seen growing wild.[67] These flowers grow in very few places, and have been recorded growing in the meadow since around 1785.[67] Once the flowering has finished, the deer herd is moved in for the summer and autumn.[citation needed]

Bat Willow meadow and the Fellows' Garden

 
The Fellows' Garden.

Further east of the water meadow are Bat Willow meadow and the Fellows' Garden. They are separated from the water meadow and each other by other branches of the Cherwell, and may be accessed from Addison's Walk. Bat Willow meadow features Y, a 10 metre high sculpture of a branching tree by Mark Wallinger, commissioned for the college's 550th anniversary in 2008.[68][69] Due to their age and infection with honey fungus, the willow trees were cut down in 2018 and replanted, and the wood used to make cricket bats.[70]

The Fellows' Garden is located further north along the bank of the Cherwell than Bat Willow meadow, directly behind the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. This long and narrow garden follows the Cherwell to the edge of the University Parks. Further north is Magdalen's sports ground.

Choir

 
May Morning on Magdalen Tower by William Holman Hunt (1890).

Magdalen is one of the three choral foundations in Oxford, meaning that the formation of the choir was part of the statutes of the college, the other choral foundations being New College and Christ Church.[71][72][73] It performs during chapel services, college gaudies and at other special events throughout the year. As part of Oxford's annual May Morning in a tradition that dates back 500 years, at 6 a.m. on 1 May, the choir perform Hymnus Eucharisticus from the top of Magdalen's Tower to crowds below on Madgalen Bridge and the High Street.[46]

The choir consists of twelve academical clerks, or choral scholars, and two organ scholars, who are all students at the college, and sixteen choristers, all of whom have scholarships at Magdalen College School, and is led by a director of music known as the Informator Choristarum, currently Mark Williams.[74] Mark Williams succeeded Daniel Hyde in 2017, following Hyde's appointment as Organist and Director of Music of Saint Thomas Church, New York.[75] Among the other former directors of the choir are John Sheppard (1543–c.1552), John Varley Roberts, Sir William McKie, Haldane Campbell Stewart and the composer Bill Ives (1991–2009).

Past academical clerks include John Mark Ainsley, Harry Christophers (founder and director of The Sixteen), James Whitbourn, Peter Harvey, Robin Blaze, Paul Agnew, Roderick Williams and conductor/composer Gregory Rose.[citation needed] The choir has had many well-known organists, such as Daniel Purcell, Sir John Stainer (1860–1872) and Bernard Rose (1957–1981). Past organ scholars include Dudley Moore and Paul Brough.

As well as performing during chapel services, the choir tours and records music. In 2005, the choir was nominated for a Grammy Award for its CD, With a Merrie Noyse, of music by Orlando Gibbons.[76] Other recent works include the BBC's The Blue Planet and Paul McCartney's classical piece Ecce Cor Meum.[77]

Student life

Accommodation

 
Holywell Ford, as seen from Addison's Walk. Holywell Ford house and annexes are used as accommodation for graduate students.

Undergraduate students of the college are guaranteed accommodation during term for their entire degree, typically in the Waynflete building in their first year and "inside-walls" in the Cloister, St Swithun's Quad, the New Building and so on in subsequent years. Graduate students are guaranteed at least two years of accommodation. Unlike undergraduates, graduates are not required to move out between terms and typically live "outside walls", including in Holywell Ford, the Daubeny Laboratory, and Professor's House.[78][79]

Accommodation charges are inclusive of heating, power, and internet access, and weekly cleaning by the college scouts (housekeepers), but do not include catering. Three cafeteria-style meals a day are served in the hall, and other food is available in the Old Kitchen Bar.[78][79]

In addition to a dinner cafeteria service served in the hall, four Formal Halls are held a week during term time. These are three-course sit-down dinners and require college members to wear their gowns.[80] Additional banquets commemorate special occasions, including the Restoration Dinner.[22][81]

Events and societies

 
Magdalen College dining hall, where students can eat meals, also hosts regular formal banquets.

The body of undergraduate and graduate students are known as the junior and middle common rooms (JCR and MCR) respectively. They each elect committees of students annually to organise welfare events, socials, and banquets.[82][81]

In addition to clubs and societies associated with the Oxford University Student Union operated at the university level, Magdalen members may also participate in several college societies.[83] The Atkin Society and the Sherrington Society are two subject-specific societies, for law students and medicine students respectively. They organise talks and social events. The Atkin society is named for lawyer James Atkin, Baron Atkin, a former demy at Magdalen, and also organises annually a Christmas Dinner for its members, moot court presided over by a guest judge, and summer garden party.[84] The Sherrington Society is named after Nobel laureate Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, former Waynflete Professor of Physiology.[85] The college also has a poetry discussion forum called the Florio Society, named for 16th century college alumnus John Florio.[86]

A number of other societies put on events throughout the year. These include the Magdalen Players, a drama society; the Magdalen Music Society; and the Magdalen Film Society, which screens films during term time in the Grove Auditorium.[83][58] The Magdalen College Music Society is a chapter of the Oxford University Music Society and incorporates a non-auditioned mixed choir, a chamber orchestra, and a saxophone ensemble. The society performs recitals in college on Thursdays during term time.[87]

The Magdalen College Trust is an independent charity that is funded by annual subscriptions from students and fellows. It encourages college members to engage in charity work, and funds charitable causes.[88][89]

Academia

In the Norrington Table's history Magdalen has been top three times, in 2010, 2012 and 2015.[90] When over half its finalists achieved firsts in 2010, it claimed the record for the highest ever Norrington Score.[91] Magdalen has the second highest average Norrington Table score from 2006-2019, only behind Merton College.

Magdalen College students have a successful record in the University Challenge television competition, winning on four occasions (1997, 1998, 2004, and 2011).[92] This is the joint highest number of series wins, tied with Manchester University, and at the time of Magdalen's third win no other institution had won more than twice.

Sports

Magdalen members have access to a variety of sports facilities. The Magdalen College Recreation Ground, accessible from the main college via Addison's Walk, include pitches for cricket, soccer, hockey, and rugby; also available on site are tennis courts and squash courts. The Recreation Ground played host to a first-class cricket match in 1912, when Oxford played the touring South Africans.[93] The match was heavily affected by rain and ended in a draw,[94] but did see Oxford's John Evans make scores of 56 and 107, in addition to taking a five wicket haul in the South Africans first innings.[95] During the First World War, there were talks between the college and the local allotment association to turn the ground in allotments to aid the war effort, but both parties were unable to reach an agreement.[96]

In addition, the college buys gym membership at the Iffley Road sports complex on behalf of all its students. The college keeps a boathouse on The Isis (the length of the Thames as it passes through Oxford) for the Magdalen College Boat Club (MCBC).[82]

The Magdalen College Boat Club (MCBC), a rowing club, was founded in 1859. It participates in the two annual Oxford bumps races, Eights Week and Torpids. In recent history, the MCBC men's rowers won Eights Week between 2004 and 2007, and the Torpids most recently in 2008 (for the men's rowers) and 2016 (women's).[97][98] As well as the MCBC, Magdalen College is represented by teams in football, hockey, rugby, netball, cricket, lacrosse, squash and pool, amongst others.[82]

College stamp

A college stamp was issued in the 1960s and the 1970s to prepay local delivery of mail by the college porters. It was short-lived and only a few stamps exist. One on cover is known and is detailed in the Great Britain Philatelic Society Journal.[99]

Notable members

Politics

 
Portrait of Magdalen alumnus Cardinal Thomas Wolsey.

Magdalen College has taught members of several royal families. These include King Edward VIII, who attended while Prince of Wales from 1912 to 1914, after which he left without graduating;[100] Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, the king of Bhutan, who read for an MPhil in politics in 2000;[101] and Crown Prince Haji Al-Muhtadee Billah, first in line to the throne of Brunei, who enrolled in the Foreign Service Programme (now known as the Diplomatic Studies Programme) in 1995 under an assumed name.[102][103]

Among the political figures taught at Magdalen was Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, who studied theology. He graduated at 15, uncommonly early even for the time, but remained in Oxford for further study and eventually became a Fellow of Magdalen.[104] Wolsey rose from humble origins to become Lord Chancellor and the Archbishop of York, obtaining great political power and becoming adviser to King Henry VIII. Wolsey left a lasting legacy in Oxford by founding Cardinal College, which Henry VIII would complete and refound as Christ Church after Wolsey's fall from power.[105]

More recent Magdalen alumni to become politicians include Malcolm Fraser, former Prime Minister of Australia, and John Turner, former Prime Minister of Canada.[106] Many members of the UK Parliament have been alumni of Magdalen. In the current House of Commons sit alumni Jeremy Hunt MP and John Redwood MP.[107][108] In the House of Lords sit alumni William Hague, Baron Hague of Richmond, former Leader of the Conservative Party; David Lipsey, Baron Lipsey; Dido Harding, Baroness Harding of Winscombe; John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness; Michael Jay, Baron Jay of Ewelme; Matt Ridley, 5th Viscount Ridley; and Stewart Wood, Baron Wood of Anfield, former Tutorial Fellow.[106]

The political success of Magdalen alumni was notable in 2010, when 5 out of the 22 ministers in the cabinet had attended Magdalen.[109]

Arts

Literature

Joseph Addison, for whom Addison's walk is named, was a Fellow of Magdalen during the 17th century. He is known for his play Cato, a Tragedy based on the life of Cato the Younger at the end of the Roman Republic. Popular with the American Founding Fathers, the play may have served as a literary inspiration for the American Revolution.[110]

The 19th-century poet, playwright, and aesthete Oscar Wilde read Greats at Magdalen from 1874 to 1878. During this time, he won the university's Newdigate Prize and graduated with a double first.[111][112] After his time at Magdalen, he became famous for his works including the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and the play The Importance of Being Earnest.

Wilde began an affair in 1891 with Alfred Douglas, who was then himself a student at Magdalen. The disapproval of Douglas's father over Wilde's relationship with his son led to Wilde's prosecution and conviction in 1895 for "gross indecency", that is to say, homosexual behaviour, and a sentence to two years' hard labour.[111][112] Wilde described "the two great turning-points in my life were when my father sent me to Oxford, and when society sent me to prison".[111] After his release from prison, Wilde moved to France and spent the last three years of his life in poverty. He was posthumously pardoned in 2017 under Turing's Law.[113]

The prolific author Sir Compton Mackenzie OBE, who wrote over one hundred novels, plays, and biographies, read modern history at Magdalen.[114] He is known for his fiction, including Sinister Street—which features St. Mary's College, Oxford as a stand-in for Magdalen[115][116]—and Monarch of the Glen. Compton Mackenzie co-founded the Scottish National Party and was knighted in 1952.[114]

C. S. Lewis, writer and alumnus of University College, was a Fellow and English tutor at Magdalen for 29 years, from 1925 to 1954. Lewis was one of the Inklings, an informal writing society that also included J. R. R. Tolkien and would meet in Lewis's rooms at Magdalen.[117] Under Lewis's tutelage was the future Poet Laureate Sir John Betjeman. Though Betjeman failed the maths portion of the entrance exams, he was offered a place to read English on the strength of his poetry, which had impressed the President of Magdalen and former Professor of Poetry Sir Thomas Herbert Warren. Lewis and Betjeman had a difficult relationship and Betjeman struggled academically. Betjeman left having failed to obtain a degree in 1928, but was made a doctor of letters by the university in 1974.[118]

Seamus Heaney, who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1995, was a Fellow of Magdalen from 1989 to 1994.[119]

Theatre

 

The director Peter Brook CBE is both an alumnus and honorary Fellow of Magdalen. He was described in 2008 as "our greatest living theatre director".[120] Fellow director Katie Mitchell OBE read English at Magdalen, and is known for her collaborations with Martin Crimp. In 2017, she received the President's Medal of the British Academy for her work in contemporary theatre and opera, and she has been described as British theatre's "king in exile".[121][122]

Music

In 1957, the organist and composer Bernard Rose OBE was appointed Magdalen's Informator Choristarum, choir master.[123] Among his students were Harry Christophers CBE, a composer and an artistic director for the Handel and Haydn Society who was an academical clerk and later honorary Fellow at Magdalen;[124] and Dudley Moore CBE, comedic actor and jazz musician, who studied at Magdalen on an organ scholarship.[123][125]

Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber, composer of musicals including Evita and The Phantom of the Opera, studied history at Magdalen for a term in 1965, before dropping out to pursue music at the Royal Academy of Music.[126] Andrew Lloyd Webber has received a number of awards for his work, including a lifetime achievement Tony Award.[127]

Humanities

Hormuzd Rassam, the native Assyriologist, studied at Magdalen for 18 months between accompanying archaeologist Sir Austen Henry Layard on his first and second expeditions. When Layard retired from archaeology, the British Museum appointed Rassam to continue on his own. Rassam made several important discoveries: in 1853 at Nineveh, Rassam discovered the clay tablets that contained the Epic of Gilgamesh; in 1879 he discovered the Cyrus Cylinder in the ruins of Babylon; and in 1880–1881 he uncovered the city of Sippar. He was the first Middle Eastern archaeologist, but his contributions were dismissed by some of his contemporaries and by the end of his life, his name had been removed from plaques and visitor guides at the British Museum. Layard would describe him as "one whose services have never been acknowledged".[128]

The economist A. Michael Spence attended Magdalen on a Rhodes Scholarship, and graduated with a BA in mathematics in 1968.[129] In 2001, he shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his work on "analyses of markets with asymmetric information".[130][131] He is an honorary fellow at Magdalen.[132]

Novelist and Spanish anti-fascist Ralph Winston Fox studied modern languages at Magdalen College, where he graduated from in 1922 with a first class honours. Clive was most well known for being the biographer of both Genghis Khan and Vladimir Lenin, and for being killed while fighting against Hitler backed fascists during the Spanish Civil War.[133]

Philosopher A. C. Grayling CBE read for his DPhil at Magdalen, completing his studies in 1981. In 2011, he founded the New College of the Humanities.[134] An analytic philosopher, Grayling is known for his criticism of religion, including in his 2013 book The God Argument, and his arguments for voting reform, as in his 2017 book Democracy and Its Crises.

Niall Ferguson, a well-known historian, also studied at Magdalen.

Sciences

 
Peter Medawar, Nobel laureate and organ transplant pioneer.

Magdalen counts among its alumni several recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Sir Howard Florey was an Australian pharmacologist who studied at Magdalen on a Rhodes Scholarship, graduating in 1924. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 for the development of penicillin.[135] Sir Peter Medawar CBE read for a BA in zoology at Magdalen, receiving a first, and later for a DPhil, supervised by Florey. His research into tissue grafting and immune rejection led to the discover of acquired immune tolerance and became the basis of organ transplantation. For this work, he shared the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[136]

Like Florey before him, Australian neurophysiologist Sir John Eccles also came to Magdalen on a Rhodes Scholarship, where he read for his DPhil. He was taught by an earlier neurophysiologist who received the Nobel in 1932, Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, who held the Waynflete Professorship in Physiology at Magdalen. In 1963 Eccles received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research into synapses. Eccles was also known for his contributions to philosophy, writing on the mind-body problem and becoming an honorary member of the American Philosophical Society.[137]

Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe held the Nuffield Professorship of Clinical Medicine between 2003 and 2006, and is still a supernumerary fellow at Magdalen.[138] He shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the oxygen sensing of cells.[139] Other former Nuffield Professors of Clinical Medicine include Sir David Weatherall, who founded the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine in 1989,[140][141] and Sir John Bell GBE, who is also an alumnus of the college.[142] The current holder of the chair is Richard Cornall, who was appointed in 2019.[143]

Two Fellows of Magdalen have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics: Erwin Schrödinger in 1933, while he was a Fellow;[144] and Anthony James Leggett KBE in 2003, who had been a Fellow from 1963 to 1967.[145]

Due to Magdalen's close relationship with Oxford's Botanic Garden and as the home of the Sherardian Chair of Botany, Magdalen has been associated with many accomplished botanists. Historic Sherardian Professors include John Sibthorp, in whose name the Sibthorpian Professorship of Rural Economy, later known as the Sibthorpian Professorship of Plant Sciences, was founded; and Charles Daubeny, who also held the Aldrichian Chair of Chemistry and founded the Daubeny laboratory.[146][48] The Sherardian Chair has been held since 2009 by Liam Dolan, who studies the emergence of land plants.[147][148]

Likewise, many distinguished scientists have held Waynflete Professorships at Magdalen. These include the mathematician J. H. C. Whitehead, who held the Waynflete Professorship of Pure Mathematics between 1947 and 1960. During this time, he was also the president of the London Mathematical Society, which established the Whitehead and Senior Whitehead prizes in his honour. He is remembered for his fundamental contributions to topology.[149][150] The chair was held from 1984 until he retired in 2006 by Daniel Quillen, who received the Fields Medal for his work in algebraic K-theory.[151] It is currently held by Ben Green.[152]

Gallery

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External links

  • Official site
  • Virtual Tour of Magdalen College
  • Website of Magdalen College Choir
  • Fletcher's History of Oxford: Magdalen College
  • Website of Magdalen Middle Common Room

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Magdalen College redirects here For other uses see Magdalen College disambiguation Magdalen College ˈ m ɔː d l ɪ n MAWD lin 4 is a constituent college of the University of Oxford 5 It was founded in 1458 by William of Waynflete 6 Today it is the fourth wealthiest college with a financial endowment of 332 1 million 7 as of 2019 and one of the strongest academically setting the record for the highest Norrington Score in 2010 and topping the table twice since then 8 It is home to several of the university s distinguished chairs including the Agnelli Serena Professorship the Sherardian Professorship and the four Waynflete Professorships Magdalen CollegeOxfordNew Quad and Founders TowerArms Lozengy ermine and sable on a chief of the second three lilies argent slipped and seeded orScarf colours black with two equally spaced wide bands of whiteLocationLongwall Street and High StreetCoordinates51 45 09 N 1 14 49 W 51 752374 N 1 247077 W 51 752374 1 247077 Coordinates 51 45 09 N 1 14 49 W 51 752374 N 1 247077 W 51 752374 1 247077Full nameThe College of St Mary Magdalen in the University of OxfordLatin nameCollegium Beatae Mariae MagdalenaeMottoFloreat MagdalenaEstablished1458 565 years ago 1458 Named forMary MagdaleneSister collegeMagdalene College CambridgePresidentDinah Rose KC 1 Undergraduates390 2 2018 Postgraduates178 2 2018 Endowment 332 1 million 2019 3 Websitewww wbr magd wbr ox wbr ac wbr ukBoat clubMagdalen College Boat ClubMapLocation in Oxford city centreThe large square Magdalen Tower is an Oxford landmark and it is a tradition dating to the days of Henry VII that the college choir sings from the top of it at 6 a m on May Morning 9 The college stands next to the River Cherwell and the University of Oxford Botanic Garden Within its grounds are a deer park and Addison s Walk Contents 1 History 1 1 Foundation 1 2 English Civil War 1 3 Expulsion of the Fellows 1 4 20th 21st centuries 2 Buildings 2 1 Original buildings 2 2 Cloister 2 3 Chapel 2 4 Magdalen Tower 2 5 The New Building 2 6 Daubeny laboratory 2 7 St Swithun s quad 2 8 Modern buildings and acquisitions 2 9 Libraries 3 Grounds 3 1 The Grove 3 2 Water meadow and Addison s Walk 3 3 Bat Willow meadow and the Fellows Garden 4 Choir 5 Student life 5 1 Accommodation 5 2 Events and societies 5 3 Academia 5 4 Sports 5 5 College stamp 6 Notable members 6 1 Politics 6 2 Arts 6 2 1 Literature 6 2 2 Theatre 6 2 3 Music 6 3 Humanities 6 4 Sciences 7 Gallery 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditFoundation Edit Magdalen College was founded in 1458 by William of Waynflete Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor of England 6 and named after St Mary Magdalene The college succeeded a university hall called Magdalen Hall founded by Waynflete in 1448 and from which the college drew most of its earliest scholars 10 Magdalen Hall was suppressed when the college was founded The name was revived for a second Magdalen Hall established in the college s grounds around 1490 which in the 19th century was moved to Catte Street and became Hertford College 11 12 Waynflete also established a school now Magdalen College School an independent school located nearby on the other side of the Cherwell Waynflete was assisted by a large bequest from Sir John Fastolf who wished to fund a religious college 13 Magdalen College took over the site of St John the Baptist Hospital alongside the Cherwell initially using the hospital s buildings until new construction was completed between 1470 and 1480 14 At incorporation in 1458 the college consisted of a president and six scholars In 1487 when the Founder s Statutes were written the foundation consisted of a President 40 fellows 30 demies four chaplain priests eight clerks 16 choristers and appointed to the Grammar School a Master and an usher 10 The founder s statutes included provision for a choral foundation of men and boys a tradition that has continued to the present day and made reference to the pronunciation of the name of the college in English The college s name is pronounced like the adjective maudlin because the late medieval English name of Mary Magdalene was Maudelen derived from the Old French Madelaine 15 English Civil War Edit De Gomme s plan of Oxford s Civil War era defences 1644 shows Dover s Speare and other defences built around college grounds Oxford and Magdalen College were supporters of the Royalist cause during the English Civil War In 1642 Magdalen College donated over 296 lbs of plate to fund the war effort the largest donation by weight of any Oxford college 16 Magdalen College commanding a position on the banks of the Cherwell that overlooked Magdalen Bridge and the road from London had tactical significance for the King s forces From 1643 to 1645 Magdalen s Grove was occupied by the Royalist ordnance and Prince Rupert is thought to have quartered in the college 17 10 The city built fortifications in preparation for siege through Magdalen s grounds including Dover s Speare or Pier a bastion that would have allowed observation to the north and east of the city The earthworks where it was located in the Water Meadow where the Cherwell forks are still apparent today 17 Further fortifications and earthworks were built to protect the Holywell Ford site to the north 18 During the first Siege of Oxford Charles I surveyed the battle from Magdalen Tower 19 Following the capitulation of Oxford to Thomas Fairfax at the end of the First English Civil War Parliament ordered a Visitation to Oxford to purge Fellows for political and religious reasons In 1647 the Visitors removed the then president of Magdalen John Oliver and appointed instead one of their number John Wilkinson a former Principal of Magdalen Hall who had previously run unsuccessfully for the position of President at the college When they refused to submit to the authority of Parliament around 28 of the fellows 21 of the demies scholars and all but one of the servants were also expelled With the Royalists finally removed the college would host Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell in 1649 10 After the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 John Oliver was reappointed to the college followed by 17 fellows and eight demies 10 Expulsion of the Fellows Edit The Expulsion of the Fellows 1687 by Joseph Tonneau 1884 During the 1680s King James II made several moves to reintroduce Catholicism into the then Anglican university 20 In 1687 he attempted to install Anthony Farmer as president of Magdalen The fellows rejected this not just because Farmer was reputedly a Catholic and had a tarnished reputation but also as he was not a fellow of the college and therefore ineligible under the statutes 20 10 The fellows elected instead one of their own John Hough James eventually offered a compromise candidate in the form of the moderate Bishop of Oxford Samuel Parker 20 but he too was rejected by the fellows as they considered the role filled 21 22 Parker was admitted by force 10 and the fellows and demies who had defied the king were expelled replaced by the king s choice of Catholics or moderate Anglicans Parker died in 1688 and was replaced by Bonaventure Giffard a Catholic under whose tenure the Chapel converted to Catholicism 20 The expulsion of the fellows marked a turning point in the university s relationship with the Crown Brockliss writes the royalist and Anglican University established at the Restoration had had to make a choice and it had chosen Anglicanism 20 James interference with the college fed resentment in Anglicans who used it as evidence that his rule was autocratic 20 22 On 25 October 1688 shortly before the Glorious Revolution and overthrow of James II by William of Orange James appointments were reversed and Hough and the expelled fellows were restored to the college 20 22 This event is marked every year at a special banquet the Restoration Dinner for Magdalen fellows demies and academic clerks 22 20th 21st centuries Edit Magdalen s prominence since the mid 20th century owes much to such famous fellows as C S Lewis and A J P Taylor and its academic success to the work of such dons as Thomas Dewar Weldon 23 During World War II RAF Maintenance Command was headquartered at Magdalen 24 Magdalen College owns and manages the Oxford Science Park to the south of Oxford a science and technology park home to over 100 companies The Oxford Science Park opened in 1991 with Magdalen as part owner The college acquired total ownership in 2016 25 26 before selling 40 of its stake in 2021 for 160 million 27 It was reported that this sale will more than double the size of Magdalen s endowment fund and make it probably the richest of Oxford s 39 colleges 28 Like many of Oxford s colleges Magdalen admitted its first mixed sex cohort in 1979 after more than half a millennium as a men only institution 6 Between 2015 and 2017 47 2 of UK undergraduates admitted to Magdalen were from state schools 12 2 were of BME black and ethnic minority heritage and 0 7 were black 29 Of the 300 undergraduate offers made by Magdalen between 2017 and 2019 25 one in twelve went to pupils from Eton College or Westminster School 30 Buildings Edit Map of Magdalen College buildings and grounds marked out in black The college grounds stretch north and east from the college and include most of the area bounded by Longwall Street the High Street where the porter s lodge is located and St Clement s The college features a variety of architectural styles and has been described as a medieval nucleus with two incomplete additions one from the eighteenth and one from the nineteenth century 31 The college is organised around five quads The irregularly shaped St John s Quad is the first on entering the college and includes the Outdoor Pulpit and old Grammar Hall It connects to the Great Quad the Cloister via the Perpendicular Gothic Founders Tower which is richly decorated with carvings and pinnacles and has carved bosses in its vault The Chaplain s Quad runs along the side of the Chapel and Hall to the foot of the Great Tower St Swithun s Quad and Longwall Quad which contains the Library date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries and make up the southwest corner of the college 32 Original buildings Edit The college is built on the site of St John the Baptist Hospital which was dissolved in 1457 and its property granted to William of Waynflete 14 Some of the hospital buildings were reused by the college and the kitchens survive today as the college bar the Old Kitchen Bar 10 33 New construction began in 1470 with the erection of a wall around the site by mason William Orchard Following this Orchard also worked on the chapel hall and the cloister including the Muniment and Founder s Towers with work completed around 1480 10 Cloister Edit View across the Cloister The far side is the hall left and chapel behind is the Great Tower The Cloister or Great Quad is the medieval nucleus of the college It was constructed between 1474 and 1480 also by Orchard although several modifications were made later Access to the Cloister from St John s Quad is via the Founder s Tower or Muniment Tower The chapel and the hall make up the southern side of the quad It is also home to the junior middle and senior common rooms and the old library In 1508 grotesques known as hieroglyphics were added to the Cloister These are thought to be allegorical and include four hieroglyphics in front of the old library that represent scholarly subjects science medicine law and theology 34 35 The other hieroglyphics have been assigned symbolism relating to virtues that should be encouraged by the college e g the lion and pelican grotesques in front of the Senior Common Room representing courage and parental affection or vices that should be avoided the manticore boxers and lamia in front of the Junior Common Room representing pride contention and lust 35 In 2017 repair work was undertaken to restore the severely damaged boxers statue 36 In 1822 the north side of the Cloister was knocked down ostensibly due to disrepair This decision was controversial provoking protests from the fellows and in the contemporary press and it was rebuilt shortly afterwards 31 10 In the early 1900s renovations were performed and it was returned to a more medieval character Student rooms were installed in the very large roof space in the 1980s citation needed Chapel Edit The interior of the chapel showing Wyatt s plaster roof The chapel is a place of worship for members of the college and others in the University of Oxford community and beyond As a High Anglican chapel its tradition is influenced by the Catholic Revival in the Church of England Said and sung services are held daily during term 37 The choir sings Choral Evensong or Evening Prayer every day at 6 00 pm except on Mondays 37 On Sundays a Sung Eucharist is offered in the morning at 11 00 am Compline Night Prayer is sung once each week and is followed by a service of Benediction twice per term 37 Mass is also sung on major holy days 37 38 The chapel itself is a grade I listed building built between 1474 and 1480 39 The roof giving the impression of a stone vaulted ceiling is in fact a facsimile made from plaster added in 1790 by James Wyatt Wyatt s redevelopment of the chapel included a number of modifications to make it more Gothic in character but other than the ceiling Wyatt s contributions were removed during a later redesign in 1828 39 31 40 The stained glass windows facing St John s Quad feature a grisaille depiction of the Last Judgement These windows dating from 1792 are a reconstruction by Francis Eginton of an earlier 17th century window that was destroyed in a storm 41 It had been uninstalled during World War II to protect it from damage and was only restored in the 1990s Much of the glass had been thought lost until it was rediscovered in the ventilation tunnels under the New Building 41 Magdalen Tower Edit Magdalen College Tower Further information Magdalen Tower View of Magdalen College tower from the bridge at night Construction of Magdalen s Great Tower began in 1492 by another mason William Raynold It might have been intended to replace an existing belfry remaining from the hospital and probably was originally envisioned to stand alone By the time it was completed in 1509 additional buildings had been built either side creating the roughly triangular Chaplain s quad between the chapel and the High 10 The tower contains a peal of ten bells hung for English change ringing They were cast at a number of different foundries and the heaviest weighing 17 cwt was cast in 1623 42 The tower is 144 feet tall and an imposing landmark on the eastern approaches to the city centre 32 It has been the model for other towers including Mitchell Tower of the University of Chicago 43 Manhattan s First Presbyterian Church 44 and All Saints Church in Churchill Oxfordshire 45 It forms the centre of the May Morning celebrations in Oxford from which the choir sing pieces including the Hymnus Eucharisticus and the Dean of Divinity blesses the University city and crowds 9 46 The New Building Edit The New Building During the 18th and 19th centuries there were numerous attempts made to redesign the site to better suit the college s needs 31 The New Building began construction in 1733 as a part of Edward Holdsworth s designs from 1731 It is built in a Palladian style and features a colonnade 31 32 It was conceived as one side of a new Great Quadrangle and in anticipation of this the building s ends had been left unfinished However Holdsworth s full vision was never completed The idea was revisited several times by later architects including by architects James Wyatt whose plans never realised included partially demolishing the existing Medieval quad the Cloister and refinishing the neoclassical New Building in a Georgian Gothic style and John Buckler 31 40 In the 19th century John Nash and Humphrey Repton both submitted designs for new open quadrangles that incorporated the New Building 31 Ultimately the idea of integrating the New Building into a new quad was abandoned and the ends of the building were finally completed in 1824 with two returns designed by Thomas Harrison 31 Today it stands apart from the Cloister overlooking four croquet lawns on one side and the Grove deer park on the other It is used for accommodation for undergraduates and fellows including historically Edward Gibbon and C S Lewis and also houses the wine cellar 47 Daubeny laboratory Edit Illustration of the Daubeny Laboratory as it looked c 1870 Opposite the main college site and overlooking the Botanic Garden is the 19th century Daubeny Laboratory 32 The Garden had been established between 1622 and 1633 as a physic garden that is a garden to study the medicinal value of plants on land inherited by Magdalen from St John s Hospital 48 The Daubeny Laboratory and neighbouring Professor s House were founded by the polymath and Magdalen fellow Charles Daubeny after he was appointed to the Sherardian Chair of Botany in 1834 48 Daubeny set about a number of additions to the location erecting new glasshouses and in 1836 creating an on site residence for the Professor of Botany This replaced an earlier residence that had been demolished in 1795 when the road was widened The new residence was an extension of the library which had been created out of a glasshouse by an earlier Sherardian professor John Sibthorp to house the Sherard herbarium After Daubeny s death this was assimilated to house the growing collection 48 49 Later it became accommodation for graduate students the Professor s House while the Sherard Herbarium is now part of the Fielding Druce Herbarium held in the Department of Plant Sciences 50 Daubeny who was also the Aldrichian Professor of Chemistry had found the chemistry laboratory in the basement of the old Ashmolean Museum what is now the History of Science Museum to be notoriously unworthy of a great University and desired a better science facility He petitioned the college to be allowed to build one and the Daubeny laboratory was completed in 1848 48 51 The Daubeny Laboratory was preceded by the anatomy school and laboratory at Christ Church which opened in 1767 and would be followed later in the century by other college laboratories including the Balliol Trinity Laboratories 52 Daubeny s laboratory was a two storey room with benches and cupboards encircled by a gallery and became the principal chemistry lab for the university In 1902 due to growing student numbers and poor ventilation the laboratory trappings were removed and it was refitted as a lecture hall 48 In 1973 most of the Daubeny Laboratory building was reconfigured into graduate student accommodation 53 The Daubeny lab itself is now a conference space St Swithun s quad Edit A view from the Great Tower of St Swithun s Quad and behind it Longwall Quad In 1880 1884 the college extended westwards onto the former site of Magdalen Hall The hall was an independent academic hall that developed from Magdalen College School not the earlier Magdalen Hall founded by William Waynflete 11 Most of Magdalen Hall s buildings were destroyed by fire in 1820 though the Grammar Hall survived and was restored by Joseph Parkinson 31 The hall moved to Catte Street in 1822 and was incorporated as Hertford College in 1874 11 The new construction St Swithun s quad 32 sometimes given as St Swithin s quad 31 54 was designed by George Frederick Bodley and Thomas Garner in keeping with the Gothic style They had originally designed three sides of a square though only the south and west sides were built In 1928 Giles Gilbert Scott extended the building north and westwards forming the adjacent Longwall quad 31 Modern buildings and acquisitions Edit The Grove Buildings including the auditorium left were completed in 1999 Several new additions to the college were made in the late 20th century The Waynflete Building which is located across Magdalen Bridge from the main college site was designed by Booth Ledeboer and Pinckheard and completed in 1964 55 Magdalen has a number of additional annexes near to the main site for accommodation including in Cowley Place and Longwall Street The Grove Buildings located north of Longwall quad between Longwall Street and the Grove were built in 1994 1999 by Porphyrios Associates They are home to accommodation Magdalen s 160 seat auditorium and the Denning Law Library 32 56 57 During term time the auditorium hosts film screenings organised by the Magdalen Film Society 58 Along Addison s Walk is the Holywell Ford site where most of the graduate accommodation is located Holywell Ford house was built by Clapton Crabb Rolfe in 1888 on the location of an older mill and was acquired by Magdalen in the 1970s 59 60 Additional blocks of accommodation were built in 1994 5 by RH Partnership Ltd 32 Libraries Edit The redeveloped Longwall Quad The main Longwall Library building is on the left In addition to the university s central and departmental libraries Oxford s colleges maintain their own libraries The original college library the Old Library is located in the Cloister and accessed via Founder s Tower or the President s Lodgings It contains a large collection of manuscripts from before the 19th century Consultation of material is typically by appointment although the Old Library itself may be visited by the public during certain exhibitions 57 61 In 1931 the New Library now called the Longwall Library was established in the former Magdalen College School building in Longwall Quad and became the college s main library for students It was opened by Edward VIII when he was a student at Magdalen 62 It was renovated between 2014 and 2016 by Wright amp Wright Architects and reopened by Prince William Duke of Cambridge 63 62 In addition the college maintains the Denning Law Library in the Grove building a reference library for Magdalen s law students and the specialist Daubeny and McFarlane collections of 19th century scientific works and medieval history works respectively Items from the Daubeny and McFarlane libraries may be brought to the Longwall Library for consultation on request 57 Grounds EditThe Grove Edit The deer in the Grove The Grove or deer park is a large meadow which occupies most of the north west of the college s grounds from the New Building and the Grove Buildings to Holywell Ford During the winter and spring it is the home of a herd of fallow deer It is possible to view the meadow and the deer from the path between New Buildings and Grove Quad and also from the archway in New Buildings In the 16th Century as recorded in a map from 1578 the Grove consisted of formal enclosed gardens tree lined avenues an orchard and a fish pond By 1630 a bowling green had replaced the orchard 17 During the Civil War between 1642 and 1645 the Grove became home to the workshops forges and foundries of Royal Ordinance Following this the landscaping began to transition from formal gardens to more natural parkland and the water walks were landscaped Deer began being cultivated in the college by at least the 1720s and by the early 19th century the formal gardens had completely disappeared and college Fellow Dr Bloxham noted that the entire Grove had been given over to the deer 17 At one point in the 19th century it was home to three traction engines belonging to the works department of the college By the 20th century it had become well wooded with many large trees but most of them were lost to Dutch elm disease in the 1970s citation needed Water meadow and Addison s Walk Edit Water meadow after winter flooding The New Building is visible side on in the background The water meadow is a flood meadow to the eastern side of the college bounded on all sides by the Cherwell In wet winters some or all of the meadow may flood as the meadow is lower lying than the surrounding path All around the edge of the meadow is a tree lined path Addison s Walk named for the fellow Joseph Addison 1672 1719 which connects to Holywell Ford and the Fellows Garden 64 Addison s Walk is popular with College members and visitors C S Lewis wrote a poem about the walk Chanson d Aventure or What the Bird Said Early in the Year which is commemorated on a plaque near the gate to Holywell Ford 64 65 66 Thanks to the frequent flooding the meadow is one of the few places in the UK that the snake s head fritillary Fritillaria meleagris may be seen growing wild 67 These flowers grow in very few places and have been recorded growing in the meadow since around 1785 67 Once the flowering has finished the deer herd is moved in for the summer and autumn citation needed Bat Willow meadow and the Fellows Garden Edit The Fellows Garden Further east of the water meadow are Bat Willow meadow and the Fellows Garden They are separated from the water meadow and each other by other branches of the Cherwell and may be accessed from Addison s Walk Bat Willow meadow features Y a 10 metre high sculpture of a branching tree by Mark Wallinger commissioned for the college s 550th anniversary in 2008 68 69 Due to their age and infection with honey fungus the willow trees were cut down in 2018 and replanted and the wood used to make cricket bats 70 The Fellows Garden is located further north along the bank of the Cherwell than Bat Willow meadow directly behind the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies This long and narrow garden follows the Cherwell to the edge of the University Parks Further north is Magdalen s sports ground Choir Edit May Morning on Magdalen Tower by William Holman Hunt 1890 Magdalen is one of the three choral foundations in Oxford meaning that the formation of the choir was part of the statutes of the college the other choral foundations being New College and Christ Church 71 72 73 It performs during chapel services college gaudies and at other special events throughout the year As part of Oxford s annual May Morning in a tradition that dates back 500 years at 6 a m on 1 May the choir perform Hymnus Eucharisticus from the top of Magdalen s Tower to crowds below on Madgalen Bridge and the High Street 46 The choir consists of twelve academical clerks or choral scholars and two organ scholars who are all students at the college and sixteen choristers all of whom have scholarships at Magdalen College School and is led by a director of music known as the Informator Choristarum currently Mark Williams 74 Mark Williams succeeded Daniel Hyde in 2017 following Hyde s appointment as Organist and Director of Music of Saint Thomas Church New York 75 Among the other former directors of the choir are John Sheppard 1543 c 1552 John Varley Roberts Sir William McKie Haldane Campbell Stewart and the composer Bill Ives 1991 2009 Past academical clerks include John Mark Ainsley Harry Christophers founder and director of The Sixteen James Whitbourn Peter Harvey Robin Blaze Paul Agnew Roderick Williams and conductor composer Gregory Rose citation needed The choir has had many well known organists such as Daniel Purcell Sir John Stainer 1860 1872 and Bernard Rose 1957 1981 Past organ scholars include Dudley Moore and Paul Brough As well as performing during chapel services the choir tours and records music In 2005 the choir was nominated for a Grammy Award for its CD With a Merrie Noyse of music by Orlando Gibbons 76 Other recent works include the BBC s The Blue Planet and Paul McCartney s classical piece Ecce Cor Meum 77 Student life EditAccommodation Edit Holywell Ford as seen from Addison s Walk Holywell Ford house and annexes are used as accommodation for graduate students Undergraduate students of the college are guaranteed accommodation during term for their entire degree typically in the Waynflete building in their first year and inside walls in the Cloister St Swithun s Quad the New Building and so on in subsequent years Graduate students are guaranteed at least two years of accommodation Unlike undergraduates graduates are not required to move out between terms and typically live outside walls including in Holywell Ford the Daubeny Laboratory and Professor s House 78 79 Accommodation charges are inclusive of heating power and internet access and weekly cleaning by the college scouts housekeepers but do not include catering Three cafeteria style meals a day are served in the hall and other food is available in the Old Kitchen Bar 78 79 In addition to a dinner cafeteria service served in the hall four Formal Halls are held a week during term time These are three course sit down dinners and require college members to wear their gowns 80 Additional banquets commemorate special occasions including the Restoration Dinner 22 81 Events and societies Edit Magdalen College dining hall where students can eat meals also hosts regular formal banquets The body of undergraduate and graduate students are known as the junior and middle common rooms JCR and MCR respectively They each elect committees of students annually to organise welfare events socials and banquets 82 81 In addition to clubs and societies associated with the Oxford University Student Union operated at the university level Magdalen members may also participate in several college societies 83 The Atkin Society and the Sherrington Society are two subject specific societies for law students and medicine students respectively They organise talks and social events The Atkin society is named for lawyer James Atkin Baron Atkin a former demy at Magdalen and also organises annually a Christmas Dinner for its members moot court presided over by a guest judge and summer garden party 84 The Sherrington Society is named after Nobel laureate Sir Charles Scott Sherrington former Waynflete Professor of Physiology 85 The college also has a poetry discussion forum called the Florio Society named for 16th century college alumnus John Florio 86 A number of other societies put on events throughout the year These include the Magdalen Players a drama society the Magdalen Music Society and the Magdalen Film Society which screens films during term time in the Grove Auditorium 83 58 The Magdalen College Music Society is a chapter of the Oxford University Music Society and incorporates a non auditioned mixed choir a chamber orchestra and a saxophone ensemble The society performs recitals in college on Thursdays during term time 87 The Magdalen College Trust is an independent charity that is funded by annual subscriptions from students and fellows It encourages college members to engage in charity work and funds charitable causes 88 89 Academia Edit In the Norrington Table s history Magdalen has been top three times in 2010 2012 and 2015 90 When over half its finalists achieved firsts in 2010 it claimed the record for the highest ever Norrington Score 91 Magdalen has the second highest average Norrington Table score from 2006 2019 only behind Merton College Magdalen College students have a successful record in the University Challenge television competition winning on four occasions 1997 1998 2004 and 2011 92 This is the joint highest number of series wins tied with Manchester University and at the time of Magdalen s third win no other institution had won more than twice Sports Edit Magdalen members have access to a variety of sports facilities The Magdalen College Recreation Ground accessible from the main college via Addison s Walk include pitches for cricket soccer hockey and rugby also available on site are tennis courts and squash courts The Recreation Ground played host to a first class cricket match in 1912 when Oxford played the touring South Africans 93 The match was heavily affected by rain and ended in a draw 94 but did see Oxford s John Evans make scores of 56 and 107 in addition to taking a five wicket haul in the South Africans first innings 95 During the First World War there were talks between the college and the local allotment association to turn the ground in allotments to aid the war effort but both parties were unable to reach an agreement 96 In addition the college buys gym membership at the Iffley Road sports complex on behalf of all its students The college keeps a boathouse on The Isis the length of the Thames as it passes through Oxford for the Magdalen College Boat Club MCBC 82 The Magdalen College Boat Club MCBC a rowing club was founded in 1859 It participates in the two annual Oxford bumps races Eights Week and Torpids In recent history the MCBC men s rowers won Eights Week between 2004 and 2007 and the Torpids most recently in 2008 for the men s rowers and 2016 women s 97 98 As well as the MCBC Magdalen College is represented by teams in football hockey rugby netball cricket lacrosse squash and pool amongst others 82 College stamp Edit A college stamp was issued in the 1960s and the 1970s to prepay local delivery of mail by the college porters It was short lived and only a few stamps exist One on cover is known and is detailed in the Great Britain Philatelic Society Journal 99 Notable members EditMain articles List of alumni of Magdalen College Oxford and List of Presidents of Magdalen College Oxford Further information Category Fellows of Magdalen College Oxford Politics Edit Portrait of Magdalen alumnus Cardinal Thomas Wolsey Magdalen College has taught members of several royal families These include King Edward VIII who attended while Prince of Wales from 1912 to 1914 after which he left without graduating 100 Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck the king of Bhutan who read for an MPhil in politics in 2000 101 and Crown Prince Haji Al Muhtadee Billah first in line to the throne of Brunei who enrolled in the Foreign Service Programme now known as the Diplomatic Studies Programme in 1995 under an assumed name 102 103 Among the political figures taught at Magdalen was Cardinal Thomas Wolsey who studied theology He graduated at 15 uncommonly early even for the time but remained in Oxford for further study and eventually became a Fellow of Magdalen 104 Wolsey rose from humble origins to become Lord Chancellor and the Archbishop of York obtaining great political power and becoming adviser to King Henry VIII Wolsey left a lasting legacy in Oxford by founding Cardinal College which Henry VIII would complete and refound as Christ Church after Wolsey s fall from power 105 More recent Magdalen alumni to become politicians include Malcolm Fraser former Prime Minister of Australia and John Turner former Prime Minister of Canada 106 Many members of the UK Parliament have been alumni of Magdalen In the current House of Commons sit alumni Jeremy Hunt MP and John Redwood MP 107 108 In the House of Lords sit alumni William Hague Baron Hague of Richmond former Leader of the Conservative Party David Lipsey Baron Lipsey Dido Harding Baroness Harding of Winscombe John Hutton Baron Hutton of Furness Michael Jay Baron Jay of Ewelme Matt Ridley 5th Viscount Ridley and Stewart Wood Baron Wood of Anfield former Tutorial Fellow 106 The political success of Magdalen alumni was notable in 2010 when 5 out of the 22 ministers in the cabinet had attended Magdalen 109 Arts Edit Literature Edit Oscar Wilde Joseph Addison for whom Addison s walk is named was a Fellow of Magdalen during the 17th century He is known for his play Cato a Tragedy based on the life of Cato the Younger at the end of the Roman Republic Popular with the American Founding Fathers the play may have served as a literary inspiration for the American Revolution 110 The 19th century poet playwright and aesthete Oscar Wilde read Greats at Magdalen from 1874 to 1878 During this time he won the university s Newdigate Prize and graduated with a double first 111 112 After his time at Magdalen he became famous for his works including the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and the play The Importance of Being Earnest Wilde began an affair in 1891 with Alfred Douglas who was then himself a student at Magdalen The disapproval of Douglas s father over Wilde s relationship with his son led to Wilde s prosecution and conviction in 1895 for gross indecency that is to say homosexual behaviour and a sentence to two years hard labour 111 112 Wilde described the two great turning points in my life were when my father sent me to Oxford and when society sent me to prison 111 After his release from prison Wilde moved to France and spent the last three years of his life in poverty He was posthumously pardoned in 2017 under Turing s Law 113 The prolific author Sir Compton Mackenzie OBE who wrote over one hundred novels plays and biographies read modern history at Magdalen 114 He is known for his fiction including Sinister Street which features St Mary s College Oxford as a stand in for Magdalen 115 116 and Monarch of the Glen Compton Mackenzie co founded the Scottish National Party and was knighted in 1952 114 C S Lewis writer and alumnus of University College was a Fellow and English tutor at Magdalen for 29 years from 1925 to 1954 Lewis was one of the Inklings an informal writing society that also included J R R Tolkien and would meet in Lewis s rooms at Magdalen 117 Under Lewis s tutelage was the future Poet Laureate Sir John Betjeman Though Betjeman failed the maths portion of the entrance exams he was offered a place to read English on the strength of his poetry which had impressed the President of Magdalen and former Professor of Poetry Sir Thomas Herbert Warren Lewis and Betjeman had a difficult relationship and Betjeman struggled academically Betjeman left having failed to obtain a degree in 1928 but was made a doctor of letters by the university in 1974 118 Seamus Heaney who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1995 was a Fellow of Magdalen from 1989 to 1994 119 Theatre Edit Director Katie Mitchell The director Peter Brook CBE is both an alumnus and honorary Fellow of Magdalen He was described in 2008 as our greatest living theatre director 120 Fellow director Katie Mitchell OBE read English at Magdalen and is known for her collaborations with Martin Crimp In 2017 she received the President s Medal of the British Academy for her work in contemporary theatre and opera and she has been described as British theatre s king in exile 121 122 Music Edit In 1957 the organist and composer Bernard Rose OBE was appointed Magdalen s Informator Choristarum choir master 123 Among his students were Harry Christophers CBE a composer and an artistic director for the Handel and Haydn Society who was an academical clerk and later honorary Fellow at Magdalen 124 and Dudley Moore CBE comedic actor and jazz musician who studied at Magdalen on an organ scholarship 123 125 Andrew Lloyd Webber Baron Lloyd Webber composer of musicals including Evita and The Phantom of the Opera studied history at Magdalen for a term in 1965 before dropping out to pursue music at the Royal Academy of Music 126 Andrew Lloyd Webber has received a number of awards for his work including a lifetime achievement Tony Award 127 Humanities Edit Hormuzd Rassam Hormuzd Rassam the native Assyriologist studied at Magdalen for 18 months between accompanying archaeologist Sir Austen Henry Layard on his first and second expeditions When Layard retired from archaeology the British Museum appointed Rassam to continue on his own Rassam made several important discoveries in 1853 at Nineveh Rassam discovered the clay tablets that contained the Epic of Gilgamesh in 1879 he discovered the Cyrus Cylinder in the ruins of Babylon and in 1880 1881 he uncovered the city of Sippar He was the first Middle Eastern archaeologist but his contributions were dismissed by some of his contemporaries and by the end of his life his name had been removed from plaques and visitor guides at the British Museum Layard would describe him as one whose services have never been acknowledged 128 The economist A Michael Spence attended Magdalen on a Rhodes Scholarship and graduated with a BA in mathematics in 1968 129 In 2001 he shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his work on analyses of markets with asymmetric information 130 131 He is an honorary fellow at Magdalen 132 Novelist and Spanish anti fascist Ralph Winston Fox studied modern languages at Magdalen College where he graduated from in 1922 with a first class honours Clive was most well known for being the biographer of both Genghis Khan and Vladimir Lenin and for being killed while fighting against Hitler backed fascists during the Spanish Civil War 133 Philosopher A C Grayling CBE read for his DPhil at Magdalen completing his studies in 1981 In 2011 he founded the New College of the Humanities 134 An analytic philosopher Grayling is known for his criticism of religion including in his 2013 book The God Argument and his arguments for voting reform as in his 2017 book Democracy and Its Crises Niall Ferguson a well known historian also studied at Magdalen Sciences Edit Peter Medawar Nobel laureate and organ transplant pioneer Magdalen counts among its alumni several recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Sir Howard Florey was an Australian pharmacologist who studied at Magdalen on a Rhodes Scholarship graduating in 1924 He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 for the development of penicillin 135 Sir Peter Medawar CBE read for a BA in zoology at Magdalen receiving a first and later for a DPhil supervised by Florey His research into tissue grafting and immune rejection led to the discover of acquired immune tolerance and became the basis of organ transplantation For this work he shared the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 136 Like Florey before him Australian neurophysiologist Sir John Eccles also came to Magdalen on a Rhodes Scholarship where he read for his DPhil He was taught by an earlier neurophysiologist who received the Nobel in 1932 Sir Charles Scott Sherrington who held the Waynflete Professorship in Physiology at Magdalen In 1963 Eccles received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research into synapses Eccles was also known for his contributions to philosophy writing on the mind body problem and becoming an honorary member of the American Philosophical Society 137 Sir Peter J Ratcliffe held the Nuffield Professorship of Clinical Medicine between 2003 and 2006 and is still a supernumerary fellow at Magdalen 138 He shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the oxygen sensing of cells 139 Other former Nuffield Professors of Clinical Medicine include Sir David Weatherall who founded the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine in 1989 140 141 and Sir John Bell GBE who is also an alumnus of the college 142 The current holder of the chair is Richard Cornall who was appointed in 2019 143 Two Fellows of Magdalen have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics Erwin Schrodinger in 1933 while he was a Fellow 144 and Anthony James Leggett KBE in 2003 who had been a Fellow from 1963 to 1967 145 Due to Magdalen s close relationship with Oxford s Botanic Garden and as the home of the Sherardian Chair of Botany Magdalen has been associated with many accomplished botanists Historic Sherardian Professors include John Sibthorp in whose name the Sibthorpian Professorship of Rural Economy later known as the Sibthorpian Professorship of Plant Sciences was founded and Charles Daubeny who also held the Aldrichian Chair of Chemistry and founded the Daubeny laboratory 146 48 The Sherardian Chair has been held since 2009 by Liam Dolan who studies the emergence of land plants 147 148 Likewise many distinguished scientists have held Waynflete Professorships at Magdalen These include the mathematician J H C Whitehead who held the Waynflete Professorship of Pure Mathematics between 1947 and 1960 During this time he was also the president of the London Mathematical Society which established the Whitehead and Senior Whitehead prizes in his honour He is remembered for his fundamental contributions to topology 149 150 The chair was held from 1984 until he retired in 2006 by Daniel Quillen who received the Fields Medal for his work in algebraic K theory 151 It is currently held by Ben Green 152 Gallery Edit Two of the Cloister s hieroglyphics the lion and the pelican in front of the Senior Common Room Panorama across the Cloister On the left is the Founder s Tower View of Founder s Tower from the Cloister View of Founder s Tower from St John s Quad The Cloister View of the Great Tower from the Daubeny Laboratory across the High Position of the New Building and lawns behind the Cloister View of the Cloister and Great Tower from the New Building The Great Tower and cloister viewed from Addison s Walk St John s Quad showing left to right the gate to St Swithun s quad the Grammar Hall and the President s Lodgings Gateway to St Swithun s Quad St Swithun s Tower The old Grammar Hall The President s Lodgings and Pride of India tree Muniment Tower St John s Quad showing left to right the President s Lodgings Founder s Tower Muniment Tower the chapel and the Great Tower behind Ancient Door Magdalen College Oxford by Henry Fox Talbot circa 1843 showing the western door to the chapel beneath the window depicting the Last Judgment Interior of the chapel The choir of Magdalen College ca 1898 Gate between the High and St John s Quad The Porter s Lodge is on the right Boundary wall along Longwall Street The Waynflete Building on the east side of Magdalen Bridge Y by Mark Wallinger in Bat Willow Meadow Y by Mark Wallinger References Edit Dinah Rose QC new President of Magdalen College Magdalen College Oxford 1 September 2020 Retrieved 14 September 2020 a b Student numbers University of Oxford Retrieved 10 July 2021 Magdalen College Report and Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 July 2019 PDF ox ac uk p 27 Retrieved 5 April 2020 Magdalen Name First Names Dictionary on AskOxford com Archived from the original on 7 June 2011 Magdalen College University of Oxford www ox ac uk Retrieved 1 November 2022 a b c College History magd ox ac uk Retrieved 22 March 2019 Magdalen College Report and Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 July 2019 PDF ox ac uk p 27 Retrieved 5 April 2020 Undergraduate Degree Classifications University of Oxford www ox ac uk Retrieved 13 September 2019 a b Dunton Larkin 1896 The World and Its People Silver Burdett p 55 a b c d e f g h i j k Magdalen College in A History of the County of Oxford Volume 3 the University of Oxford ed H E Salter and Mary D Lobel London 1954 pp 193 207 British History Online http www british history ac uk vch oxon vol3 pp193 207 accessed 5 February 2020 a b c Magdalen Hall magd ox ac uk Retrieved 21 December 2018 Brockliss Lawrence W B 2016 The University of Oxford A History Oxford University Press p 85 ISBN 978 0 19 924356 3 Rose Jonathan 2003 Memorandum Quod John Fastolf and the Founding of Magdalen College Magdalen College Record 98 105 SSRN 1426349 a b Hospitals St John the Baptist Oxford in A History of the County of Oxford Volume 2 ed William Page London 1907 pp 158 159 British History Online http www british history ac uk vch oxon vol2 pp158 159 accessed 5 February 2020 Maudlin adj Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 1 March 2020 Campbell Marian 2003 7 Medieval Founders Relics Royal and Episcopal Patronage at Oxford and Cambridge Colleges In Coss Peter R Keen Maurice eds Heraldry Pageantry and Social Display in Medieval England Boydell Press a b c d Steane John 1998 The Grounds of Magdalen College 1480 1880 PDF Oxoniensia LXIII 91 104 Bell Christopher 1996 Archaeological Investigations on the Site of a Medieval and Post Medieval Watermill at Holywell Ford Magdalen College Oxford PDF Oxoniensia LXI 275 295 Walker Sir Edward 1705 Historical Discourses Upon Several Occasions London 16 21 a b c d e f g Brockliss Lawrence W B 2016 The University of Oxford A History Oxford University Press pp 208 210 ISBN 978 0 19 924356 3 Corrie George Elwes 1839 Brief Historical Notices of the Interference of the Crown with the Affairs of the English Universities J amp J J Deighton pp 70 85 a b c d e Illuminating Magdalen A Magdalen College Buttery Book and the Restoration of the Fellows of Magdalen Magdalen College Oxford 30 October 2015 Retrieved 2 February 2020 R W Johnson Look Back in Laughter Oxford s Postwar Golden Age Threshold Press 2015 Colleges Soldiers of Oxfordshire Archived from the original on 24 December 2012 Retrieved 6 November 2011 Our Story Oxford Science Park Retrieved 22 February 2020 Magdalen Acquires 100 of Oxford Science Park Magdalen College Oxford 12 January 2016 Retrieved 22 February 2020 Magdalen College sells 40 of oxford Science Park to Singapore fund Financial Times 5 October 2021 Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 Retrieved 18 October 2021 Oxford college s wealth boost exposes academia s haves and have nots The Guardian 9 October 2021 Retrieved 18 October 2021 Annual Admissions Statistical Report May 2018 PDF www ox ac uk Herrmann Joshi 12 January 2020 One in 12 offers made by a single Oxford college have gone to pupils from two elite private schools The Telegraph Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 a b c d e f g h i j k Colvin Sir Howard 1983 VII Indecision at Magdalen Unbuilt Oxford Yale University Press pp 78 104 ISBN 0 300 03126 2 a b c d e f g The College Buildings Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 3 February 2020 Old Kitchen Bar Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 5 February 2020 Library Hieroglyphics Magdalen College Oxford 29 July 2016 archived from the original on 10 January 2020 a b Slatter H 1834 The Oxford University and City Guide pp 32 33 Boxers Statue Magdalen College Oxford Archived from the original on 5 February 2020 Retrieved 5 February 2020 a b c d Chapel Services Magdalen College Oxford Chapel amp Choir Magdalen College Oxford a b Historic England MAGDALEN COLLEGE CHAPEL GREAT QUADRANGLE 1369672 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 2 February 2020 a b Lindfield Peter 2016 Georgian Gothic Medievalist Architecture Furniture and Interiors 1730 1840 Boydell amp Brewer pp 168 169 ISBN 9781783271276 a b Popham Peter 20 February 1997 The resurrection at Magdalen College The Independent Retrieved 2 February 2020 Magdalen College Bells Dove s Guide for Church Bell Ringers Architectural Details The University of Chicago Magazine University of Chicago December 2002 Archived from the original on 18 May 2006 Retrieved 30 April 2006 Dunlap David W 2004 From Abyssinian to Zion A Guide to Manhattan s Houses of Worship New York Columbia University Press ISBN 0 231 12543 7 Sherwood Jennifer Pevsner Nikolaus 1974 Oxfordshire The Buildings of England a b May Morning Magdalen College Choir Retrieved 4 July 2021 As an Undergraduate Magdalen College Oxford a b c d e f Gunter Robert Theodore 1904 A history of the Daubeny Laboratory Magdalen College Oxford Nature 70 1804 79 Bibcode 1904Natur 70Q 79 doi 10 1038 070079a0 S2CID 4056530 Notes on the Sherard Herbarium database Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford Retrieved 3 February 2020 Fielding Druce Herbarium Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford Retrieved 3 February 2020 Brockliss Lawrence W B 2016 The University of Oxford A History Oxford University Press pp 313 314 ISBN 978 0 19 924356 3 Robert Joseph Paton Williams Allan Chapman John Shipley Rowlinson 6 November 2008 Chemistry at Oxford A History from 1600 to 2005 Royal Society of Chemistry p 275 ISBN 978 0854041398 PAPERS ON BUILDINGS IN THE BOTANICAL GARDENS c 1800 200 Magdalen College Oxford archive catelogue Retrieved 3 February 2020 Historic England MAGDALEN COLLEGE ST SWITHINS QUADRANGLE 1046707 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 3 February 2020 Waynflete Building Magdalen College Oxford architecture com Retrieved 20 December 2018 Grove Auditorium Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 6 February 2020 a b c Magdalen s Libraries Magdalen College a b Magdalen Film Society Retrieved 6 February 2020 Jenkins Stephanie Holywell Mill and the Holly Well Oxford Oxford History Archived from the original on 20 September 2019 Retrieved 6 February 2020 Historic England Hollywell Ford 1369449 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 6 February 2020 New exhibition opening in September Women and Power A Magdalen Story Magdalen College Library and Archives a b Rayner Gordon 11 May 2016 Prince William follows in Edward VIII s footsteps by opening new library at Oxford s Magdalen College The Telegraph Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Longwall Library Magdalen College Wright amp Wright Architects Arch Daily 30 October 2017 a b Magdalen Grounds Flora and Fauna Magdalen College Oxford Archived from the original on 6 February 2020 Kohm Joseph A 2015 Knowing amp Doing Summer 2015 What the Bird Said Early in the Year C S Lewis Institute Retrieved 6 February 2020 Taylor Justin 25 February 2016 C S Lewis s Poem What the Bird Said Early In The Year The Gospel Coalition Retrieved 6 February 2020 a b Slade Naomi 6 April 2014 Fritillaries don t forget these lilies of the field The Telegraph Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 New Mark Wallinger sculpture unveiled Magdalen College Oxford 22 July 2008 Retrieved 8 February 2020 Y by Mark Wallinger Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 8 February 2020 Replanting Bat Willow Meadow Magdalen College Oxford 31 October 2018 Retrieved 8 February 2020 Choral and organ scholarships University of Oxford Choral scholarships University of Oxford Archived from the original on 2 September 2013 Organ and Choral Scholarships Oxford University Faculty of Music Archived from the original on 23 April 2013 The College Choir The Choir of Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 4 July 2021 New Appointments to Chapel and Choir Magdalen College Oxford Choir of Magdalen College Oxford Grammy Awards Retrieved 4 July 2021 The Choir Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 4 July 2021 a b As an Undergraduate Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 22 February 2020 a b As a Graduate Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 22 February 2020 Formal Hall Magdalen College Oxford a b Activities Magdalen College MCR Retrieved 22 February 2020 a b c Student Life Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 22 February 2020 a b Societies Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 22 February 2020 The Atkin Society Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 22 February 2020 The Atkin Society Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 22 February 2020 The Florio Society Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 22 February 2020 Magdalen College Music Society Oxford University Music Society Retrieved 22 February 2020 The Magdalen College Trust Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 22 February 2020 1161056 MAGDALEN COLLEGE TRUST CIO Charity Commission Retrieved 22 February 2020 Magdalen top of the 2012 Norrington Table Magdalen College Archived from the original on 23 August 2012 Magdalen top of the Norrington table Magdalen College Archived from the original on 23 August 2012 Magdalen Wins University Challenge for a Record Fourth Time Magdalen College Archived 24 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine South Africans at Oxford Daily Mirror 21 May 1912 p 14 South Africa v Oxford The Colonist 24 May 1912 p 5 Oxford University v South Africans 1912 CricketArchive Retrieved 7 June 2022 Broom John 2022 Cricket in the First World War Play up Play the Game Pen and Sword History p 136 ISBN 9781526780164 About the MCBC Magdalen College Boat Club Retrieved 22 February 2020 Dudhia Anu Oxford Bump Charts Retrieved 22 February 2020 Journal of the Great Britain Philatelic Society Volume 48 Number 4 July August 2010 and Volume 49 Number 4 July August 2011 Ziegler Philip 1991 The Youth King Edward VIII Knopf ISBN 9780394577302 His Royal Highness Crown Prince Dasho Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck RAOnline Retrieved 6 November 2008 Prince is given special favour Times Higher Education 8 December 2000 McGirck Jan 8 September 2004 No need for a wedding list Independent Ferguson Charles W 1958 3 Naked to mine enemies the life of Cardinal Wolsey Time Inc Christ Church in A History of the County of Oxford Volume 3 the University of Oxford ed H E Salter and Mary D Lobel London 1954 pp 228 238 British History Online http www british history ac uk vch oxon vol3 pp228 238 accessed 16 February 2020 a b Famous Alumni Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 16 February 2020 Walker Tim 3 July 2010 Jeremy Hunt Rough ride for the smooth operator Profiles People The Independent Retrieved 27 July 2015 The Rt Hon Sir John Redwood All Souls College Oxford Retrieved 16 February 2020 Among the brightest and best The Times 23 May 2010 Retrieved 18 October 2021 Miller John J 2 July 2011 On Life Liberty and Other Quotable Matters The Wall Street Journal subscription required a b c Mendelssohn Michele 17 July 2018 When Oscar Wilde Came to Oxford Oxford Alumni a b Oscar Wilde 1854 1900 BBC History Retrieved 16 February 2020 Turing s Law Oscar Wilde among 50 000 convicted gay men granted posthumous pardons The Daily Telegraph 31 January 2017 a b Compton Mackenzie at the Encyclopaedia Britannica MacKenzie Compton 1964 My Life and Times Vol 2 Chatto amp Windus Platzer David 2019 Sylvia amp Michael on Sinister Street New Criterion 37 6 Duriez Colin 2015 Preface The Oxford Inklings Lewis Tolkien and their circle Lion Books The dilettante and the dons Oxford Today 18 3 2006 Archived from the original on 17 April 2009 Professor Seamus Heaney Retrieved 16 February 2020 Taylor Paul 5 September 2008 Peter Brook The director who wrote the book The Independent Retrieved 16 February 2020 Katie Mitchell wins British Academy Award Magdalen College Oxford 5 October 2017 Retrieved 16 February 2020 Higgins Charlotte 14 January 2016 Katie Mitchell British theatre s queen in exile The Guardian Retrieved 16 February 2020 a b Dunnett Roderic 3 December 1996 Obituary Bernard Rose Independent Harry Christophers becomes Honorary Fellow Magdalen College Oxford 8 May 2009 Dudley Moore The Telegraph 28 March 2002 Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Marsico Katie 2010 How to Analzye the Works of Andrew Lloyd Webber ABDO pp 13 14 ISBN 9781616135331 Hemey Matthew 23 April 2018 Andrew Lloyd Webber to receive lifetime achievement prize at this year s Tony Awards The Stage Adamson Daniel Silas 22 March 2015 The men who uncovered Assyria Retrieved 16 February 2020 Professor A Michael Spence Magdalen College Oxford www magd ox ac uk Retrieved 27 July 2021 The Nobel Prize Prize in Economic Sciences 2001 Retrieved 27 July 2021 Tore Frangsmyr ed A Michael Spence Les Prix Nobel Nobel Foundation Nobel Media AB Retrieved 1 March 2020 People at Magdalen Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 1 March 2020 Farman Chris Rose Valery Woolley Liz 2015 No Other Way Oxfordshire and the Spanish Civil War 1936 39 London Oxford International Brigade Memorial Committee p 73 Garner Richard 21 October 2013 Professor A C Grayling Whatever happened to the most hated man in academia Independent Sir Howard Florey Biographical from Nobel Lectures Elsevier 1964 Retrieved 16 February 2020 Sir Peter Medawar Biographical from Nobel Lectures Elsevier 1964 Retrieved 16 February 2020 Sir John Eccles Biographical from Nobel Lectures Elsevier 1972 Retrieved 16 February 2020 Professor Sir Peter Ratcliffe Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 1 March 2020 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019 Nobel Media AB Retrieved 1 March 2020 Watts Geoff 2019 David John Weatherall The Lancet 393 10169 314 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 19 30113 8 About us MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Retrieved 1 March 2020 Prof Sir John Irving Bell F Hoffmann La Roche Ltd Retrieved 1 March 2020 New Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine Magdalen College Oxford 8 August 2019 Retrieved 1 March 2020 Dr Erwin Schrodinger Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 16 February 2020 Professor Anthony Leggett Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 16 February 2020 Sibthorp John 1758 1796 Global Plants Liam Dolan The Royal Society Fellows Directory Retrieved 16 February 2020 Professor Liam Dolan Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 16 February 2020 James I N 1960 Prof J H C Whitehead F R S obituary Nature 186 932 doi 10 1038 186932a0 LMS prizes details and regulations London Mathematical Society Retrieved 16 February 2020 Segal Graeme 23 June 2011 Daniel Quillen obituary The Independent Retrieved 16 February 2020 Professor Ben Green Magdalen College Oxford Retrieved 16 February 2020 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Magdalen College Oxford Official site Virtual Tour of Magdalen College Website of Magdalen College Choir Fletcher s History of Oxford Magdalen College A history of the choristers of Magdalen Chapel Oxford Website of Magdalen Middle Common Room Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Magdalen College Oxford amp oldid 1126724942, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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