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List of the most distant astronomical objects

August 28, 2023

This article documents the most distant astronomical objects discovered and verified so far, and the time periods in which they were so classified.

For comparisons with the light travel distance of the astronomical objects listed below, the age of the universe since the Big Bang is currently estimated as 13.787±0.020 Gyr.[1]

Distances to remote objects, other than those in nearby galaxies, are nearly always inferred by measuring the cosmological redshift of their light. By their nature, very distant objects tend to be very faint, and these distance determinations are difficult and subject to errors. An important distinction is whether the distance is determined via spectroscopy or using a photometric redshift technique. The former is generally both more precise and also more reliable, in the sense that photometric redshifts are more prone to being wrong due to confusion with lower redshift sources that may have unusual spectra. For that reason, a spectroscopic redshift is conventionally regarded as being necessary for an object's distance to be considered definitely known, whereas photometrically determined redshifts identify "candidate" very distant sources. Here, this distinction is indicated by a "p" subscript for photometric redshifts.

Most distant spectroscopically-confirmed objects Edit

Most distant astronomical objects with spectroscopic redshift determinations
Image Name Redshift
(z) 		Light travel distance§
(Gly)[2][3][4][5]		 Type Notes
  JADES-GS-z13-0 z = 13.20+0.04
−0.07 		13.576[2] / 13.596[3] / 13.474[4] / 13.473[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy, detection of the Lyman break with JWST/NIRSpec, not yet been through the peer-review process[6]
ID-13077

(UNCOVER-z13)[7][8]

 z = 13.079+0.014
−0.001 		13.51 Galaxy
JADES-GS-z12-0 z = 12.63+0.24
−0.08 		13.556[2] / 13.576[3] / 13.454[4] / 13.453[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy, detection of the Lyman break with JWST/NIRSpec, not yet been through the peer-review process[6]
ID-38766

(UNCOVER-z12)[9][10]

 z = 12.393+0.004
−0.001 		13.48 Galaxy
  GLASS-z12 z = 12.117+0.01
−0.01 		13.536[2] / 13.556[3] / 13.434[4] / 13.433[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST/NIRCam, confirmed by ALMA detection of [O III] emission[11]
  JADES-GS-z11-0 (UDFj-39546284) z = 11.58+0.05
−0.05 		13.512[2] / 13.532[3] / 13.410[4] / 13.409[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy, detection of the Lyman break with JWST/NIRSpec, not yet been through the peer-review process[6]
CEERS J141946.36+525632.8
(Maisie's Galaxy)

[12]

 zp = 11.44+0.09
−0.08 		13.4 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST
  GN-z11 z = 10.6034 ± 0.0013 13.481[2] / 13.501[3] / 13.380[4] / 13.379[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy; detection of the Lyman break with HST at 5.5σ[13] and carbon emission lines with Keck/MOSFIRE at 5.3σ.[14] Conclusive redshift by JWST in February 2023[15]
JADES-GS-z10-0 (UDFj-38116243) z = 10.38+0.07
−0.06 		13.449[2] / 13.469[3] / 13.348[4] / 13.347[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy, detection of the Lyman break with JWST/NIRSpec, not yet been through the peer-review process[6]
  JD1 z = 9.756+0.017
−0.007 		13.409[2] / 13.429[3] / 13.308[4] / 13.307[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy, detection of the Lyman break with JWST/NIRSpec, not yet been through the peer-review process[16]
  MACS1149-JD1 z = 9.1096±0.0006 13.361[2] / 13.381[3] / 13.261[4] / 13.260[5] Galaxy Detection of hydrogen emission line with the VLT, and oxygen line with ALMA[17]
  EGSY8p7 z = 8.683+0.001
−0.004 		13.325[2] / 13.345[3] / 13.225[4] / 13.224[5] Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter; detection of Lyman-alpha with Keck/MOSFIRE at 7.5σ confidence[18]
SMACS-4590 z = 8.496 13.308[2] / 13.328[3] / 13.208[4] / 13.207[5] Galaxy Detection of hydrogen, oxygen, and neon emission lines with JWST/NIRSpec[19][20][21][22]
A2744_YD4 z = 8.38 13.297[2] / 13.317[3] / 13.197[4] / 13.196[5] Galaxy Lyman-alpha and [O III] emission detected with ALMA at 4.0σ confidence[23]
MACS0416_Y1 z = 8.3118±0.0003 13.290[2] / 13.310[3] / 13.190[4] / 13.189[5] Galaxy [O III] emission detected with ALMA at 6.3σ confidence[24]
GRB 090423 z = 8.23+0.06
−0.07 		13.282[2] / 13.302[3] / 13.182[4] / 13.181[5] Gamma-ray burst Lyman-alpha break detected[25]
RXJ2129-11002 z = 8.16±0.01 13.175[2] Galaxy [O III] doublet, Hβ, and [O II] doublet as well as Lyman-alpha break detected with JWST/NIRSpec prism [26]
RXJ2129-11022 z = 8.15±0.01 13.174[2] Galaxy [O III] doublet and Hβ as well as Lyman-alpha break detected with JWST/NIRSpec prism [26]
  EGS-zs8-1 z = 7.7302±0.0006 13.228[2] / 13.248[3] / 13.129[4] / 13.128[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy[27]
SMACS-6355 z = 7.665 13.221[2] / 13.241[3] / 13.121[4] / 13.120[5] Galaxy Detection of hydrogen, oxygen, and neon emission lines with JWST/NIRSpec[19][20][21][22]
z7_GSD_3811 z = 7.6637±0.0011 13.221[2] / 13.240[3] / 13.121[4] / 13.120[5] Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter[28]
SMACS-10612 z = 7.658 13.221[2] / 13.241[3] / 13.120[4] / 13.119[5] Galaxy Detection of hydrogen, oxygen, and neon emission lines with JWST/NIRSpec[19][20][21]>[22]
QSO J0313–1806 z = 7.6423±0.0013 13.218[2] / 13.238[3] / 13.119[4] / 13.118[5] Quasar Lyman-alpha break detected[29]
ULAS J1342+0928 z = 7.5413±0.0007 13.206[2] / 13.226[3] / 13.107[4] / 13.106[5] Quasar Redshift estimated from [C II] emission[30]
  z8_GND_5296 z = 7.51 13.202[2] / 13.222[3] / 13.103[4] / 13.102[5] Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter[31]
  A1689-zD1 z = 7.5±0.2 13.201[2] / 13.221[3] / 13.102[4] / 13.101[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy[32]
GS2_1406 z = 7.452±0.003 13.195[2] / 13.215[3] / 13.096[4] / 13.095[5] Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter[33]
  GN-108036 z = 7.213 13.164[2] / 13.184[3] / 13.065[4] / 13.064[5] Galaxy Lyman alpha emitter[34]
  SXDF-NB1006-2 z = 7.2120±0.0003 13.164[2] / 13.184[3] / 13.065[4] / 13.064[5] Galaxy [O III] emission detected[35]
  BDF-3299 z = 7.109±0.002 13.149[2] / 13.169[3] / 13.051[4] / 13.050[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy[36]
  ULAS J1120+0641 z = 7.085±0.003 13.146[2] / 13.166[3] / 13.048[4] / 13.047[5] Quasar Redshift estimated from Si III]+C III] and Mg II emission lines[37]
  A1703_zD6 z = 7.045±0.004 13.140[2] / 13.160[3] / 13.042[4] / 13.041[5] Galaxy Gravitationally-lensed Lyman-alpha emitter[38]
BDF-521 z = 7.008±0.002 13.135[2] / 13.155[3] / 13.037[4] / 13.036[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy[36]
G2_1408 z = 6.972±0.002 13.130[2] / 13.150[3] / 13.032[4] / 13.030[5] Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter[39]
  IOK-1 z = 6.965 13.129[2] / 13.149[3] / 13.030[4] / 13.029[5] Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter[34]
  LAE J095950.99+021219.1 z = 6.944 13.126[2] / 13.146[3] / 13.028[4] / 13.027[5] Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter[40]
SDF-46975 z = 6.844 13.111[2] / 13.131[3] / 13.013[4] / 13.012[5] Galaxy Lyman-alpha emitter[34]
PSO J172.3556+18.7734 z = 6.823+0.003
−0.001 		13.107[2] / 13.127[3] / 13.010[4] / 13.009[5] Quasar
(astrophysical jet) 		Redshift estimated from Mg II emission[41]

§ The tabulated distance is the light travel distance, which has no direct physical significance. See discussion at distance measures and Observable Universe

Candidate most distant objects Edit

Since the beginning of the James Webb Space Telescope's (JWST) science operations in June 2022, numerous distant galaxies far beyond what could be seen by the Hubble Space Telescope (z = 11) have been discovered thanks to the JWST's capability of seeing far into the infrared.[42][43] Previously in 2012, there were about 50 possible objects z = 8 or farther, and another 100 candidates at z = 7, based on photometric redshift estimates released by the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF) project from observations made between mid-2002 and December 2012.[44] Some objects included here have been observed spectroscopically, but had only one emission line tentatively detected, and are therefore still considered candidates by researchers.[45][46]

Notable candidates for most distant astronomical objects
Name Redshift
(z) 		Light travel distance§
(Gly) 		Type Notes
F200DB-045 zp = 20.4+0.3
−0.3[43]
or 0.70+0.19
−0.55[42]or 0.40+0.15
−0.26[47]		 13.725[2] / 13.745[3] / 13.623[4] / 13.621[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
NOTE: The redshift value of the galaxy presented by the procedure in one study[42] may differ from the values presented in other studies using different procedures.[43][48][47]
F200DB-175 zp = 16.2+0.3
−0.0 		13.657[2] / 13.677[3] / 13.555[4] / 13.554[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
S5-z17-1 z = 16.0089±0.0004
or 4.6108±0.0001 		13.653[2] / 13.673[3] / 13.551[4] / 13.550[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST; tentative (5.1σ) ALMA detection of a single emission line possibly attributed to either [C II] (z = 4.6108±0.0001) or [O III] (z = 16.0089±0.0004).[45][46]
F150DB-041 zp = 16.0+0.2
−0.2[43]
or 3.70+0.02
−0.59[42]		 13.653[2] / 13.673[3] / 13.551[4] / 13.549[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43][42]
SMACS-z16a zp = 15.92+0.17
−0.15[49]
or 2.96+0.73
−0.21[42]		 13.651[2] / 13.671[3] / 13.549[4] / 13.548[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[49][42]
F200DB-015 zp = 15.8+3.4
−0.1 		13.648[2] / 13.668[3] / 13.546[4] / 13.545[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F200DB-181 zp = 15.8+0.5
−0.3 		13.648[2] / 13.668[3] / 13.546[4] / 13.545[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F200DB-159 zp = 15.8+4.0
−15.2 		13.648[2] / 13.668[3] / 13.546[4] / 13.545[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F200DB-086 zp = 15.4+0.6
−14.6[43]
or 3.53+10.28
−1.84[42]		 13.639[2] / 13.659[3] / 13.537[4] / 13.536[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43][42]
SMACS-z16b zp = 15.32+0.16
−0.13[49]
or 15.39+0.18
−0.26[42]		 13.637[2] / 13.657[3] / 13.535[4] / 13.534[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[49][42]
F150DB-048 zp = 15.0+0.2
−0.8 		13.629[2] / 13.649[3] / 13.527[4] / 13.526[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DB-007 zp = 14.6+0.4
−0.4 		13.619[2] / 13.639[3] / 13.517[4] / 13.516[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DB-004 zp = 14.0+0.4
−2.0 		13.602[2] / 13.622[3] / 13.500[4] / 13.499[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DB-079 zp = 13.8+0.5
−1.9 		13.596[2] / 13.616[3] / 13.494[4] / 13.493[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DA-007 zp = 13.4+0.6
−2.0 		13.583[2] / 13.603[3] / 13.481[4] / 13.480[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DA-053 zp = 13.4+0.3
−2.3 		13.583[2] / 13.603[3] / 13.481[4] / 13.480[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DA-050 zp = 13.4+0.6
−10.0 		13.583[2] / 13.603[3] / 13.481[4] / 13.480[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DA-058 zp = 13.4+0.6
−12.5[43]
3.42+0.30
−0.20[42]		 13.583[2] / 13.603[3] / 13.481[4] / 13.480[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43][42]
F150DA-038 zp = 13.4+0.4
−13.2 		13.583[2] / 13.603[3] / 13.481[4] / 13.480[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
  HD1 z = 13.27 13.579[2] / 13.599[3] / 13.477[4] / 13.476[5] Galaxy Not yet spectroscopically confirmed. Guinness World Record of the most distant confirmed galaxy
Lyman-break galaxy (5σ confidence) followed with a tentative ALMA detection of a single [O III] oxygen emission line only (4σ confidence)[50]
F150DA-010 zp = 12.8+0.6
−1.5 		13.562[2] / 13.582[3] / 13.460[4] / 13.459[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
S5-z12-1 zp = 12.57+1.23
−0.46 		13.553[2] / 13.573[3] / 13.452[4] / 13.451[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[45]
CEERS-27535_4 zp = 12.56+1.75
−0.27 		13.553[2] / 13.573[3] / 13.452[4] / 13.451[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[51]
SMACS-1566 zp = 12.29+1.50
−0.44 		13.542[2] / 13.562[3] / 13.441[4] / 13.440[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[51]
SMACS-z12b
(F150DA-077) 		zp = 12.26+0.17
−0.16[49][42]
or 13.4+0.4
−1.7[43]		 13.541[2] / 13.561[3] / 13.440[4] / 13.439[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[49][42][43]
SMACS-z12a zp = 12.20+0.21
−0.12 		13.539[2] / 13.559[3] / 13.437[4] / 13.436[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[49][42]
CR2-z12-4 zp = 12.08+2.11
−1.25 		13.534[2] / 13.554[3] / 13.432[4] / 13.431[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[45]
SMACS-10566 zp = 12.03+0.57
−0.26 		13.532[2] / 13.552[3] / 13.430[4] / 13.429[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[51]
XDFH-2395446286 zp = 12.0+0.1
−0.2 		13.530[2] / 13.550[3] / 13.429[4] / 13.428[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy detected by JWST and Hubble[52]
CR2-z12-2 zp = 11.96+1.44
−0.87 		13.529[2] / 13.549[3] / 13.427[4] / 13.426[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[45]
9-BUSCAR zp = 11.91+0.10
−0.22 		13.527[2] / 13.547[3] / 13.425[4] / 13.424[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[53]
SMACS-8347 zp = 11.90+0.27
−0.39 		13.526[2] / 13.546[3] / 13.425[4] / 13.424[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[51]
CEERS-26409_4 zp = 11.90+1.60
−0.70 		13.526[2] / 13.546[3] / 13.425[4] / 13.424[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[51]
F150DB-069 zp = 11.8+1.7
−0.2 		13.522[2] / 13.542[3] / 13.420[4] / 13.419[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
XDFH-2334046578 zp = 11.8+0.4
−0.5 		13.522[2] / 13.542[3] / 13.420[4] / 13.419[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy detected by JWST and Hubble[52]
CR2-z12-3 zp = 11.66+0.69
−0.71 		13.515[2] / 13.535[3] / 13.414[4] / 13.413[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[45]
CR2-z12-1 zp = 11.63+0.51
−0.53 		13.514[2] / 13.534[3] / 13.413[4] / 13.412[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[45]
F150DB-088 zp = 11.6+0.3
−0.2 		13.513[2] / 13.533[3] / 13.411[4] / 13.410[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DB-084 zp = 11.6+0.4
−0.4 		13.513[2] / 13.533[3] / 13.411[4] / 13.410[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DB-044 zp = 11.4+0.4
−11.3 		13.503[2] / 13.523[3] / 13.402[4] / 13.401[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
XDFH-2404647339 zp = 11.4+0.4
−0.5 		13.503[2] / 13.523[3] / 13.402[4] / 13.401[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy detected by JWST and Hubble[52]
F150DB-075 zp = 11.4+0.4
−0.1[43]
0.04+0.01
−0.01[42]		 13.503[2] / 13.523[3] / 13.402[4] / 13.401[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43][42]
F150DA-062 zp = 11.4+0.3
−0.3[43]
1.78+0.20
−0.08[42]		 13.503[2] / 13.523[3] / 13.402[4] / 13.401[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43][42]
CEERS-127682 zp = 11.40+0.59
−0.51 		13.503[2] / 13.523[3] / 13.402[4] / 13.401[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[51]
CEERS-5268_2 zp = 11.40+0.30
−1.11 		13.503[2] / 13.523[3] / 13.402[4] / 13.401[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[51]
F150DA-060 zp = 11.4+0.6
−8.2 		13.503[2] / 13.523[3] / 13.402[4] / 13.401[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DA-031 zp = 11.4+1.0
−8.2 		13.503[2] / 13.523[3] / 13.402[4] / 13.401[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DA-052 zp = 11.4+0.8
−10.6 		13.503[2] / 13.523[3] / 13.402[4] / 13.401[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DB-054 zp = 11.4+0.5
−10.8 		13.503[2] / 13.523[3] / 13.402[4] / 13.401[5] Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
SMACS-z11d zp = 11.28±0.32
or 2.35+0.30
−0.67 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[42]
CEERS-77241 zp = 11.27+0.39
−0.70 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[51]
CEERS-6647 zp = 11.27+0.58
−0.28 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[51]
CEERS-622_4 zp = 11.27+0.48
−0.60 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[51]
SMACS-z11c zp = 11.22±0.32
or 3.84+0.05
−0.04 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[42]
SMACS-z11b zp = 11.22±0.56
or 6.94+0.07
−0.07 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[42]
F150DA-005 zp = 11.2+0.4
−0.3 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DA-020 zp = 11.2+0.2
−7.9 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
CEERS-61486 zp = 11.15+0.37
−0.35 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[51]
SMACS-z11e
(F150DA-081) 		zp = 11.10+0.21
−0.34[42]
or 13.4+0.6
−2.2[43]		 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[42][43]
SMACS-z11a zp = 11.05+0.09
−0.08[49]
or 1.73+0.18
−0.04[42]		 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[49][42]
CR3-z12-1 zp = 11.05+2.24
−0.47 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[45]
F150DA-026 zp = 11.0+0.5
−0.3 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
F150DA-036 zp = 11.0+0.4
−7.8 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
SMACS-z10e zp = 10.89+0.16
−0.14[49]
or 1.38+1.37
−0.24[42]		 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[49][42]
F150DB-040 zp = 10.8+0.3
−0.2 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[43]
EGS-14506 zp = 10.71+0.34
−0.62 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[54]
MACS0647-JD zp = 10.6±0.3 Galaxy Gravitationally lensed into three images by a galaxy cluster; detected by JWST and Hubble[55][56]
GLASS-z10
(GLASS-1698)[51]		 z = 10.38 Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST; tentative (4.4σ) ALMA detection of [O III] emission line only[57][58]
EGS-7860 zp = 10.11+0.60
−0.82 		Galaxy Lyman-break galaxy discovered by JWST[54]
SPT0615-JD zp = 9.9+0.8
−0.6 		13.419[2] Galaxy [59]
A2744-JD zp≅9.8 13.412[2] Galaxy Galaxy is being magnified and lensed into three multiple images, geometrically supporting its redshift.[60][61]
MACS1149-JD1 zp≅9.6 13.398[2][62] Candidate galaxy or protogalaxy [63]
GRB 090429B zp≅9.4 13.383[2][64] Gamma-ray burst [65] The photometric redshift in this instance has quite large uncertainty, with the lower limit for the redshift being z>7.
UDFy-33436598 zp≅8.6 13.317[2] Candidate galaxy or protogalaxy [66]
UDFy-38135539 zp≅8.6 13.317[2] Candidate galaxy or protogalaxy A spectroscopic redshift of z = 8.55 was claimed for this source in 2010,[67] but has subsequently been shown to be mistaken.[68]
BoRG-58 zp≅8 13.258[2] Galaxy cluster or protocluster Protocluster candidate[69]

§ The tabulated distance is the light travel distance, which has no direct physical significance. See discussion at distance measures and Observable Universe

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

List of most distant objects by type Edit

Most distant object by type
Type Object Redshift
(distance) 		Notes
Any astronomical object, no matter what type JADES-GS-z13-0 z = 13.20 Most distant galaxy with a spectroscopically-confirmed redshift as of December 2022.[6] These are data from Webb science in progress as of 9 December 2022, which has not yet been through the peer-review process. The estimated light-travel distance is about 13.6 billion light-years (and a proper distance of approximately 33.6 billion light-years (10.3 billion parsecs) from Earth due to the Universe's expansion since the light we now observe left it about 13.6 billion years ago).[3]
See also: List of galaxies
Galaxy or protogalaxy
Galaxy cluster CL J1001+0220 z ≅ 2.506 As of 2016[70]
See also: List of galaxy clusters
Galaxy supercluster Hyperion proto-supercluster z = 2.45 This supercluster at the time of its discovery in 2018 was the earliest and largest proto-supercluster found to date.[71]
See also: List of superclusters
Galaxy protocluster A2744z7p9OD z = 7.88 This protocluster at the time of its discovery in 2023 was the most distant protocluster found and spectroscopically confirmed to date.[72]
See also: List of galaxy groups and clusters
Quasar QSO J0313–1806 z = 7.64 [73]
See also: List of quasars
Black hole [73]
Star or protostar or post-stellar corpse
(detected by an event) 		Progenitor of GRB 090423 z = 8.2 [74][25] Note, GRB 090429B has a photometric redshift zp≅9.4,[75] and so is most likely more distant than GRB 090423, but is lacking spectroscopic confirmation.
See also: List of gamma-ray bursts
Estimated an approximate distance of 13 billion lightyears from Earth
Star or protostar or post-stellar corpse
(detected as a star) 		WHL0137-LS (Earendel) z = 6.2 ± 0.1
(12.9 Gly) 		Most distant individual star detected (March, 2022).[76][77]

Previous records include SDSS J1229+1122[78] and MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1.[79]

Star cluster The Sparkler z = 1.378
(13.9 Gly) 		Galaxy with globular clusters gravitationally lensed in SMACS J0723.3-7327[80]
System of star clusters
X-ray jet PJ352–15 quasar jet z = 5.831
(12.7 Gly)[81]		 The previous recordholder was at 12.4 Gly.[82][83]
Microquasar XMMU J004243.6+412519 (2.5 Mly) First extragalactic microquasar discovered[84][85][86]
Nebula-like object Himiko z = 6.595 Possibly one of the largest objects in the early universe.[87][88]
Planet SWEEPS-11 / SWEEPS-04 (27,710 ly) [89]
  • An analysis of the lightcurve of the microlensing event PA-99-N2 suggests the presence of a planet orbiting a star in the Andromeda Galaxy.[90]
  • A controversial microlensing event of lobe A of the double gravitationally lensed Q0957+561 suggests that there is a planet in the lensing galaxy lying at redshift 0.355 (3.7 Gly).[91][92]
Most distant event by type
Type Event Redshift Notes
Gamma-ray burst GRB 090423 z = 8.2 [74][25] Note, GRB 090429B has a photometric redshift zp≅9.4,[75] and so is most likely more distant than GRB 090423, but is lacking spectroscopic confirmation.
See also: List of gamma-ray bursts
Core collapse supernova SN 1000+0216 z = 3.8993 [93]
See also: List of most distant supernovae
Type Ia supernova SN UDS10Wil z = 1.914 [94]
See also: List of supernovae
Type Ia supernova SN SCP-0401
(Mingus) 		z = 1.71 First observed in 2004, it was not until 2013 that it could be identified as a Type-Ia SN.[95][96]
See also: List of supernovae
Cosmic Decoupling Cosmic Background Radiation creation z~1000 to 1089 [97][98]

Timeline of most distant astronomical object recordholders Edit

Objects in this list were found to be the most distant object at the time of determination of their distance. This is frequently not the same as the date of their discovery.

Distances to astronomical objects may be determined through parallax measurements, use of standard references such as cepheid variables or Type Ia supernovas, or redshift measurement. Spectroscopic redshift measurement is preferred, while photometric redshift measurement is also used to identify candidate high redshift sources. The symbol z represents redshift.

Most Distant Object Titleholders (not including candidates based on photometric redshifts)
Object Type Date Distance
(z = Redshift) 		Notes
HD1 Galaxy 7 April 2022–Present z = 13.27 Guinness World Record
GN-z11 Galaxy 2016–2022 z = 10.957 [13][14]
EGSY8p7 Galaxy 2015 − 2016 z = 8.68 [99][100][101][102]
Progenitor of GRB 090423 / Remnant of GRB 090423 Gamma-ray burst progenitor / Gamma-ray burst remnant 2009 − 2015 z = 8.2 [25][103]
IOK-1 Galaxy 2006 − 2009 z = 6.96 [103][104][105][106]
SDF J132522.3+273520 Galaxy 2005 − 2006 z = 6.597 [106][107]
SDF J132418.3+271455 Galaxy 2003 − 2005 z = 6.578 [107][108][109][110]
HCM-6A Galaxy 2002 − 2003 z = 6.56 The galaxy is lensed by galaxy cluster Abell 370. This was the first non-quasar galaxy found to exceed redshift 6. It exceeded the redshift of quasar SDSSp J103027.10+052455.0 of z = 6.28[108][109][111][112][113][114]
SDSS J1030+0524
(SDSSp J103027.10+052455.0) 		Quasar 2001 − 2002 z = 6.28 [115][116][117][118][119][120]
SDSS 1044–0125
(SDSSp J104433.04–012502.2) 		Quasar 2000 − 2001 z = 5.82 [121][122][119][120][123][124][125]
SSA22-HCM1 Galaxy 1999 − 2000 z>=5.74 [126][127]
HDF 4-473.0 Galaxy 1998 − 1999 z = 5.60 [127]
RD1 (0140+326 RD1) Galaxy 1998 z = 5.34 [128][129][130][127][131]
CL 1358+62 G1 & CL 1358+62 G2 Galaxies 1997 − 1998 z = 4.92 These were the most remote objects discovered at the time. The pair of galaxies were found lensed by galaxy cluster CL1358+62 (z = 0.33). This was the first time since 1964 that something other than a quasar held the record for being the most distant object in the universe.[129][132][133][130][127][134]
PC 1247–3406 Quasar 1991 − 1997 z = 4.897 [121][135][136][137][138]
PC 1158+4635 Quasar 1989 − 1991 z = 4.73 [121][138][139][140][141][142]
Q0051–279 Quasar 1987 − 1989 z = 4.43 [143][139][142][144][145][146]
Q0000–26
(QSO B0000–26) 		Quasar 1987 z = 4.11 [143][139][147]
PC 0910+5625
(QSO B0910+5625) 		Quasar 1987 z = 4.04 This was the second quasar discovered with a redshift over 4.[121][139][148][149]
Q0046–293
(QSO J0048–2903) 		Quasar 1987 z = 4.01 [143][139][148][150][151]
Q1208+1011
(QSO B1208+1011) 		Quasar 1986 − 1987 z = 3.80 This is a gravitationally-lensed double-image quasar, and at the time of discovery to 1991, had the least angular separation between images, 0.45″.[148][152][153]
PKS 2000–330
(QSO J2003–3251, Q2000–330) 		Quasar 1982 − 1986 z = 3.78 [148][154][155]
OQ172
(QSO B1442+101) 		Quasar 1974 − 1982 z = 3.53 [156][157][158]
OH471
(QSO B0642+449) 		Quasar 1973 − 1974 z = 3.408 Nickname was "the blaze marking the edge of the universe".[156][158][159][160][161]
4C 05.34 Quasar 1970 − 1973 z = 2.877 Its redshift was so much greater than the previous record that it was believed to be erroneous, or spurious.[158][162][163][164]
5C 02.56
(7C 105517.75+495540.95) 		Quasar 1968 − 1970 z = 2.399 [134][164][165]
4C 25.05
(4C 25.5) 		Quasar 1968 z = 2.358 [134][164][166]
PKS 0237–23
(QSO B0237–2321) 		Quasar 1967 − 1968 z = 2.225 [162][166][167][168][169]
4C 12.39
(Q1116+12, PKS 1116+12) 		Quasar 1966 − 1967 z = 2.1291 [134][169][170][171]
4C 01.02
(Q0106+01, PKS 0106+1) 		Quasar 1965 − 1966 z = 2.0990 [134][169][170][172]
3C 9 Quasar 1965 z = 2.018 [169][173][174][175][176][177]
3C 147 Quasar 1964 − 1965 z = 0.545 [178][179][180][181]
3C 295 Radio galaxy 1960 − 1964 z = 0.461 [127][134][182][183][184]
LEDA 25177 (MCG+01-23-008) Brightest cluster galaxy 1951 − 1960 z = 0.2
(V = 61000 km/s) 		This galaxy lies in the Hydra Supercluster. It is located at B1950.0 08h 55m 4s +03° 21′ and is the BCG of the fainter Hydra Cluster Cl 0855+0321 (ACO 732).[127][184][185][186][187][188][189]
LEDA 51975 (MCG+05-34-069) Brightest cluster galaxy 1936 – z = 0.13
(V = 39000 km/s) 		The brightest cluster galaxy of the Bootes Cluster (ACO 1930), an elliptical galaxy at B1950.0 14h 30m 6s +31° 46′ apparent magnitude 17.8, was found by Milton L. Humason in 1936 to have a 40,000 km/s recessional redshift velocity.[188][190][191]
LEDA 20221 (MCG+06-16-021) Brightest cluster galaxy 1932 – z = 0.075
(V = 23000 km/s) 		This is the BCG of the Gemini Cluster (ACO 568) and was located at B1950.0 07h 05m 0s +35° 04′[190][192]
BCG of WMH Christie's Leo Cluster Brightest cluster galaxy 1931 − 1932 z =
(V = 19700 km/s) 		[192][193][194][195]
BCG of Baede's Ursa Major Cluster Brightest cluster galaxy 1930 − 1931 z =
(V = 11700 km/s) 		[195][196]
NGC 4860 Galaxy 1929 − 1930 z = 0.026
(V = 7800 km/s) 		[196][197][198]
NGC 7619 Galaxy 1929 z = 0.012
(V = 3779 km/s) 		Using redshift measurements, NGC 7619 was the highest at the time of measurement. At the time of announcement, it was not yet accepted as a general guide to distance, however, later in the year, Edwin Hubble described redshift in relation to distance, which became accepted widely as an inferred distance.[197][199][200]
NGC 584
(Dreyer nebula 584) 		Galaxy 1921 − 1929 z = 0.006
(V = 1800 km/s) 		At the time, nebula had yet to be accepted as independent galaxies. However, in 1923, galaxies were generally recognized as external to the Milky Way.[188][197][199][201][202][203][204]
M104 (NGC 4594) Galaxy 1913 − 1921 z = 0.004
(V = 1180 km/s) 		This was the second galaxy whose redshift was determined; the first being Andromeda – which is approaching us and thus cannot have its redshift used to infer distance. Both were measured by Vesto Melvin Slipher. At this time, nebula had yet to be accepted as independent galaxies. NGC 4594 was measured originally as 1000 km/s, then refined to 1100, and then to 1180 in 1916.[197][201][204]
Arcturus
(Alpha Bootis) 		Star 1891 − 1910 160 ly
(18 mas)
(this is very inaccurate, true=37 ly) 		This number is wrong; originally announced in 1891, the figure was corrected in 1910 to 40 ly (60 mas). From 1891 to 1910, it had been thought this was the star with the smallest known parallax, hence the most distant star whose distance was known. Prior to 1891, Arcturus had previously been recorded of having a parallax of 127 mas.[205][206][207][208]
Capella
(Alpha Aurigae) 		Star 1849-1891 72 ly
(46 mas) 		[209][210][211]
Polaris
(Alpha Ursae Minoris) 		Star 1847 - 1849 50 ly
(80 mas)
(this is very inaccurate, true=~375 ly) 		[212][213]
Vega
(Alpha Lyrae) 		Star (part of a double star pair) 1839 - 1847 7.77 pc
(125 mas) 		[212]
61 Cygni Binary star 1838 − 1839 3.48 pc
(313.6 mas) 		This was the first star other than the Sun to have its distance measured.[212][214][215]
Uranus Planet of the Solar System 1781 − 1838 18 AU This was the last planet discovered before the first successful measurement of stellar parallax. It had been determined that the stars were much farther away than the planets.
Saturn Planet of the Solar System 1619 − 1781 10 AU From Kepler's Third Law, it was finally determined that Saturn is indeed the outermost of the classical planets, and its distance derived. It had only previously been conjectured to be the outermost, due to it having the longest orbital period, and slowest orbital motion. It had been determined that the stars were much farther away than the planets.
Mars Planet of the Solar System 1609 − 1619 2.6 AU when Mars is diametrically opposed to Earth Kepler correctly characterized Mars and Earth's orbits in the publication Astronomia nova. It had been conjectured that the fixed stars were much farther away than the planets.
Sun Star 3rd century BC — 1609 380 Earth radii (very inaccurate, true=16000 Earth radii) Aristarchus of Samos made a measurement of the distance of the Sun from the Earth in relation to the distance of the Moon from the Earth. The distance to the Moon was described in Earth radii (20, also inaccurate). The diameter of the Earth had been calculated previously. At the time, it was assumed that some of the planets were further away, but their distances could not be measured. The order of the planets was conjecture until Kepler determined the distances from the Sun of the five known planets that were not Earth. It had been conjectured that the fixed stars were much farther away than the planets.
Moon Moon of a planet 3rd century BC 20 Earth radii (very inaccurate, true=64 Earth radii) Aristarchus of Samos made a measurement of the distance between the Earth and the Moon. The diameter of the Earth had been calculated previously.
  • z represents redshift, a measure of recessional velocity and inferred distance due to cosmological expansion
  • mas represents parallax, a measure of angle and distance can be determined through trigonometry

List of objects by year of discovery that turned out to be most distant Edit

This list contains a list of most distant objects by year of discovery of the object, not the determination of its distance. Objects may have been discovered without distance determination, and were found subsequently to be the most distant known at that time. However, object must have been named or described. An object like OJ 287 is ignored even though it was detected as early as 1891 using photographic plates, but ignored until the advent of radiotelescopes.

See also Edit

References Edit

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August 28, 2023
list, most, distant, astronomical, objects, this, article, documents, most, distant, astronomical, objects, discovered, verified, time, periods, which, they, were, classified, comparisons, with, light, travel, distance, astronomical, objects, listed, below, un. This article documents the most distant astronomical objects discovered and verified so far and the time periods in which they were so classified For comparisons with the light travel distance of the astronomical objects listed below the age of the universe since the Big Bang is currently estimated as 13 787 0 020 Gyr 1 Distances to remote objects other than those in nearby galaxies are nearly always inferred by measuring the cosmological redshift of their light By their nature very distant objects tend to be very faint and these distance determinations are difficult and subject to errors An important distinction is whether the distance is determined via spectroscopy or using a photometric redshift technique The former is generally both more precise and also more reliable in the sense that photometric redshifts are more prone to being wrong due to confusion with lower redshift sources that may have unusual spectra For that reason a spectroscopic redshift is conventionally regarded as being necessary for an object s distance to be considered definitely known whereas photometrically determined redshifts identify candidate very distant sources Here this distinction is indicated by a p subscript for photometric redshifts Contents 1 Most distant spectroscopically confirmed objects 2 Candidate most distant objects 3 List of most distant objects by type 4 Timeline of most distant astronomical object recordholders 5 List of objects by year of discovery that turned out to be most distant 6 See also 7 ReferencesMost distant spectroscopically confirmed objects EditMost distant astronomical objects with spectroscopic redshift determinations Image Name Redshift z Light travel distance Gly 2 3 4 5 Type Notes JADES GS z13 0 z 13 20 0 04 0 07 13 576 2 13 596 3 13 474 4 13 473 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy detection of the Lyman break with JWST NIRSpec not yet been through the peer review process 6 ID 13077 UNCOVER z13 7 8 z 13 079 0 014 0 001 13 51 GalaxyJADES GS z12 0 z 12 63 0 24 0 08 13 556 2 13 576 3 13 454 4 13 453 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy detection of the Lyman break with JWST NIRSpec not yet been through the peer review process 6 ID 38766 UNCOVER z12 9 10 z 12 393 0 004 0 001 13 48 Galaxy GLASS z12 z 12 117 0 01 0 01 13 536 2 13 556 3 13 434 4 13 433 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST NIRCam confirmed by ALMA detection of O III emission 11 JADES GS z11 0 UDFj 39546284 z 11 58 0 05 0 05 13 512 2 13 532 3 13 410 4 13 409 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy detection of the Lyman break with JWST NIRSpec not yet been through the peer review process 6 CEERS J141946 36 525632 8 Maisie s Galaxy 12 zp 11 44 0 09 0 08 13 4 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST GN z11 z 10 6034 0 0013 13 481 2 13 501 3 13 380 4 13 379 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy detection of the Lyman break with HST at 5 5s 13 and carbon emission lines with Keck MOSFIRE at 5 3s 14 Conclusive redshift by JWST in February 2023 15 JADES GS z10 0 UDFj 38116243 z 10 38 0 07 0 06 13 449 2 13 469 3 13 348 4 13 347 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy detection of the Lyman break with JWST NIRSpec not yet been through the peer review process 6 JD1 z 9 756 0 017 0 007 13 409 2 13 429 3 13 308 4 13 307 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy detection of the Lyman break with JWST NIRSpec not yet been through the peer review process 16 MACS1149 JD1 z 9 1096 0 0006 13 361 2 13 381 3 13 261 4 13 260 5 Galaxy Detection of hydrogen emission line with the VLT and oxygen line with ALMA 17 EGSY8p7 z 8 683 0 001 0 004 13 325 2 13 345 3 13 225 4 13 224 5 Galaxy Lyman alpha emitter detection of Lyman alpha with Keck MOSFIRE at 7 5s confidence 18 SMACS 4590 z 8 496 13 308 2 13 328 3 13 208 4 13 207 5 Galaxy Detection of hydrogen oxygen and neon emission lines with JWST NIRSpec 19 20 21 22 A2744 YD4 z 8 38 13 297 2 13 317 3 13 197 4 13 196 5 Galaxy Lyman alpha and O III emission detected with ALMA at 4 0s confidence 23 MACS0416 Y1 z 8 3118 0 0003 13 290 2 13 310 3 13 190 4 13 189 5 Galaxy O III emission detected with ALMA at 6 3s confidence 24 GRB 090423 z 8 23 0 06 0 07 13 282 2 13 302 3 13 182 4 13 181 5 Gamma ray burst Lyman alpha break detected 25 RXJ2129 11002 z 8 16 0 01 13 175 2 Galaxy O III doublet Hb and O II doublet as well as Lyman alpha break detected with JWST NIRSpec prism 26 RXJ2129 11022 z 8 15 0 01 13 174 2 Galaxy O III doublet and Hb as well as Lyman alpha break detected with JWST NIRSpec prism 26 EGS zs8 1 z 7 7302 0 0006 13 228 2 13 248 3 13 129 4 13 128 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy 27 SMACS 6355 z 7 665 13 221 2 13 241 3 13 121 4 13 120 5 Galaxy Detection of hydrogen oxygen and neon emission lines with JWST NIRSpec 19 20 21 22 z7 GSD 3811 z 7 6637 0 0011 13 221 2 13 240 3 13 121 4 13 120 5 Galaxy Lyman alpha emitter 28 SMACS 10612 z 7 658 13 221 2 13 241 3 13 120 4 13 119 5 Galaxy Detection of hydrogen oxygen and neon emission lines with JWST NIRSpec 19 20 21 gt 22 QSO J0313 1806 z 7 6423 0 0013 13 218 2 13 238 3 13 119 4 13 118 5 Quasar Lyman alpha break detected 29 ULAS J1342 0928 z 7 5413 0 0007 13 206 2 13 226 3 13 107 4 13 106 5 Quasar Redshift estimated from C II emission 30 z8 GND 5296 z 7 51 13 202 2 13 222 3 13 103 4 13 102 5 Galaxy Lyman alpha emitter 31 A1689 zD1 z 7 5 0 2 13 201 2 13 221 3 13 102 4 13 101 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy 32 GS2 1406 z 7 452 0 003 13 195 2 13 215 3 13 096 4 13 095 5 Galaxy Lyman alpha emitter 33 GN 108036 z 7 213 13 164 2 13 184 3 13 065 4 13 064 5 Galaxy Lyman alpha emitter 34 SXDF NB1006 2 z 7 2120 0 0003 13 164 2 13 184 3 13 065 4 13 064 5 Galaxy O III emission detected 35 BDF 3299 z 7 109 0 002 13 149 2 13 169 3 13 051 4 13 050 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy 36 ULAS J1120 0641 z 7 085 0 003 13 146 2 13 166 3 13 048 4 13 047 5 Quasar Redshift estimated from Si III C III and Mg II emission lines 37 A1703 zD6 z 7 045 0 004 13 140 2 13 160 3 13 042 4 13 041 5 Galaxy Gravitationally lensed Lyman alpha emitter 38 BDF 521 z 7 008 0 002 13 135 2 13 155 3 13 037 4 13 036 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy 36 G2 1408 z 6 972 0 002 13 130 2 13 150 3 13 032 4 13 030 5 Galaxy Lyman alpha emitter 39 IOK 1 z 6 965 13 129 2 13 149 3 13 030 4 13 029 5 Galaxy Lyman alpha emitter 34 LAE J095950 99 021219 1 z 6 944 13 126 2 13 146 3 13 028 4 13 027 5 Galaxy Lyman alpha emitter 40 SDF 46975 z 6 844 13 111 2 13 131 3 13 013 4 13 012 5 Galaxy Lyman alpha emitter 34 PSO J172 3556 18 7734 z 6 823 0 003 0 001 13 107 2 13 127 3 13 010 4 13 009 5 Quasar astrophysical jet Redshift estimated from Mg II emission 41 The tabulated distance is the light travel distance which has no direct physical significance See discussion at distance measures and Observable UniverseCandidate most distant objects EditSince the beginning of the James Webb Space Telescope s JWST science operations in June 2022 numerous distant galaxies far beyond what could be seen by the Hubble Space Telescope z 11 have been discovered thanks to the JWST s capability of seeing far into the infrared 42 43 Previously in 2012 there were about 50 possible objects z 8 or farther and another 100 candidates at z 7 based on photometric redshift estimates released by the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field XDF project from observations made between mid 2002 and December 2012 44 Some objects included here have been observed spectroscopically but had only one emission line tentatively detected and are therefore still considered candidates by researchers 45 46 Notable candidates for most distant astronomical objects Name Redshift z Light travel distance Gly Type NotesF200DB 045 zp 20 4 0 3 0 3 43 or 0 70 0 19 0 55 42 or 0 40 0 15 0 26 47 13 725 2 13 745 3 13 623 4 13 621 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 NOTE The redshift value of the galaxy presented by the procedure in one study 42 may differ from the values presented in other studies using different procedures 43 48 47 F200DB 175 zp 16 2 0 3 0 0 13 657 2 13 677 3 13 555 4 13 554 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 S5 z17 1 z 16 0089 0 0004 or 4 6108 0 0001 13 653 2 13 673 3 13 551 4 13 550 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST tentative 5 1s ALMA detection of a single emission line possibly attributed to either C II z 4 6108 0 0001 or O III z 16 0089 0 0004 45 46 F150DB 041 zp 16 0 0 2 0 2 43 or 3 70 0 02 0 59 42 13 653 2 13 673 3 13 551 4 13 549 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 42 SMACS z16a zp 15 92 0 17 0 15 49 or 2 96 0 73 0 21 42 13 651 2 13 671 3 13 549 4 13 548 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 49 42 F200DB 015 zp 15 8 3 4 0 1 13 648 2 13 668 3 13 546 4 13 545 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F200DB 181 zp 15 8 0 5 0 3 13 648 2 13 668 3 13 546 4 13 545 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F200DB 159 zp 15 8 4 0 15 2 13 648 2 13 668 3 13 546 4 13 545 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F200DB 086 zp 15 4 0 6 14 6 43 or 3 53 10 28 1 84 42 13 639 2 13 659 3 13 537 4 13 536 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 42 SMACS z16b zp 15 32 0 16 0 13 49 or 15 39 0 18 0 26 42 13 637 2 13 657 3 13 535 4 13 534 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 49 42 F150DB 048 zp 15 0 0 2 0 8 13 629 2 13 649 3 13 527 4 13 526 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DB 007 zp 14 6 0 4 0 4 13 619 2 13 639 3 13 517 4 13 516 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DB 004 zp 14 0 0 4 2 0 13 602 2 13 622 3 13 500 4 13 499 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DB 079 zp 13 8 0 5 1 9 13 596 2 13 616 3 13 494 4 13 493 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DA 007 zp 13 4 0 6 2 0 13 583 2 13 603 3 13 481 4 13 480 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DA 053 zp 13 4 0 3 2 3 13 583 2 13 603 3 13 481 4 13 480 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DA 050 zp 13 4 0 6 10 0 13 583 2 13 603 3 13 481 4 13 480 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DA 058 zp 13 4 0 6 12 5 43 3 42 0 30 0 20 42 13 583 2 13 603 3 13 481 4 13 480 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 42 F150DA 038 zp 13 4 0 4 13 2 13 583 2 13 603 3 13 481 4 13 480 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 HD1 z 13 27 13 579 2 13 599 3 13 477 4 13 476 5 Galaxy Not yet spectroscopically confirmed Guinness World Record of the most distant confirmed galaxyLyman break galaxy 5s confidence followed with a tentative ALMA detection of a single O III oxygen emission line only 4s confidence 50 F150DA 010 zp 12 8 0 6 1 5 13 562 2 13 582 3 13 460 4 13 459 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 S5 z12 1 zp 12 57 1 23 0 46 13 553 2 13 573 3 13 452 4 13 451 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 45 CEERS 27535 4 zp 12 56 1 75 0 27 13 553 2 13 573 3 13 452 4 13 451 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 51 SMACS 1566 zp 12 29 1 50 0 44 13 542 2 13 562 3 13 441 4 13 440 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 51 SMACS z12b F150DA 077 zp 12 26 0 17 0 16 49 42 or 13 4 0 4 1 7 43 13 541 2 13 561 3 13 440 4 13 439 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 49 42 43 SMACS z12a zp 12 20 0 21 0 12 13 539 2 13 559 3 13 437 4 13 436 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 49 42 CR2 z12 4 zp 12 08 2 11 1 25 13 534 2 13 554 3 13 432 4 13 431 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 45 SMACS 10566 zp 12 03 0 57 0 26 13 532 2 13 552 3 13 430 4 13 429 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 51 XDFH 2395446286 zp 12 0 0 1 0 2 13 530 2 13 550 3 13 429 4 13 428 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy detected by JWST and Hubble 52 CR2 z12 2 zp 11 96 1 44 0 87 13 529 2 13 549 3 13 427 4 13 426 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 45 9 BUSCAR zp 11 91 0 10 0 22 13 527 2 13 547 3 13 425 4 13 424 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 53 SMACS 8347 zp 11 90 0 27 0 39 13 526 2 13 546 3 13 425 4 13 424 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 51 CEERS 26409 4 zp 11 90 1 60 0 70 13 526 2 13 546 3 13 425 4 13 424 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 51 F150DB 069 zp 11 8 1 7 0 2 13 522 2 13 542 3 13 420 4 13 419 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 XDFH 2334046578 zp 11 8 0 4 0 5 13 522 2 13 542 3 13 420 4 13 419 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy detected by JWST and Hubble 52 CR2 z12 3 zp 11 66 0 69 0 71 13 515 2 13 535 3 13 414 4 13 413 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 45 CR2 z12 1 zp 11 63 0 51 0 53 13 514 2 13 534 3 13 413 4 13 412 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 45 F150DB 088 zp 11 6 0 3 0 2 13 513 2 13 533 3 13 411 4 13 410 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DB 084 zp 11 6 0 4 0 4 13 513 2 13 533 3 13 411 4 13 410 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DB 044 zp 11 4 0 4 11 3 13 503 2 13 523 3 13 402 4 13 401 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 XDFH 2404647339 zp 11 4 0 4 0 5 13 503 2 13 523 3 13 402 4 13 401 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy detected by JWST and Hubble 52 F150DB 075 zp 11 4 0 4 0 1 43 0 04 0 01 0 01 42 13 503 2 13 523 3 13 402 4 13 401 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 42 F150DA 062 zp 11 4 0 3 0 3 43 1 78 0 20 0 08 42 13 503 2 13 523 3 13 402 4 13 401 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 42 CEERS 127682 zp 11 40 0 59 0 51 13 503 2 13 523 3 13 402 4 13 401 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 51 CEERS 5268 2 zp 11 40 0 30 1 11 13 503 2 13 523 3 13 402 4 13 401 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 51 F150DA 060 zp 11 4 0 6 8 2 13 503 2 13 523 3 13 402 4 13 401 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DA 031 zp 11 4 1 0 8 2 13 503 2 13 523 3 13 402 4 13 401 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DA 052 zp 11 4 0 8 10 6 13 503 2 13 523 3 13 402 4 13 401 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DB 054 zp 11 4 0 5 10 8 13 503 2 13 523 3 13 402 4 13 401 5 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 SMACS z11d zp 11 28 0 32 or 2 35 0 30 0 67 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 42 CEERS 77241 zp 11 27 0 39 0 70 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 51 CEERS 6647 zp 11 27 0 58 0 28 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 51 CEERS 622 4 zp 11 27 0 48 0 60 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 51 SMACS z11c zp 11 22 0 32 or 3 84 0 05 0 04 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 42 SMACS z11b zp 11 22 0 56 or 6 94 0 07 0 07 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 42 F150DA 005 zp 11 2 0 4 0 3 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DA 020 zp 11 2 0 2 7 9 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 CEERS 61486 zp 11 15 0 37 0 35 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 51 SMACS z11e F150DA 081 zp 11 10 0 21 0 34 42 or 13 4 0 6 2 2 43 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 42 43 SMACS z11a zp 11 05 0 09 0 08 49 or 1 73 0 18 0 04 42 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 49 42 CR3 z12 1 zp 11 05 2 24 0 47 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 45 F150DA 026 zp 11 0 0 5 0 3 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 F150DA 036 zp 11 0 0 4 7 8 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 SMACS z10e zp 10 89 0 16 0 14 49 or 1 38 1 37 0 24 42 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 49 42 F150DB 040 zp 10 8 0 3 0 2 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 43 EGS 14506 zp 10 71 0 34 0 62 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 54 MACS0647 JD zp 10 6 0 3 Galaxy Gravitationally lensed into three images by a galaxy cluster detected by JWST and Hubble 55 56 GLASS z10 GLASS 1698 51 z 10 38 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST tentative 4 4s ALMA detection of O III emission line only 57 58 EGS 7860 zp 10 11 0 60 0 82 Galaxy Lyman break galaxy discovered by JWST 54 SPT0615 JD zp 9 9 0 8 0 6 13 419 2 Galaxy 59 A2744 JD zp 9 8 13 412 2 Galaxy Galaxy is being magnified and lensed into three multiple images geometrically supporting its redshift 60 61 MACS1149 JD1 zp 9 6 13 398 2 62 Candidate galaxy or protogalaxy 63 GRB 090429B zp 9 4 13 383 2 64 Gamma ray burst 65 The photometric redshift in this instance has quite large uncertainty with the lower limit for the redshift being z gt 7 UDFy 33436598 zp 8 6 13 317 2 Candidate galaxy or protogalaxy 66 UDFy 38135539 zp 8 6 13 317 2 Candidate galaxy or protogalaxy A spectroscopic redshift of z 8 55 was claimed for this source in 2010 67 but has subsequently been shown to be mistaken 68 BoRG 58 zp 8 13 258 2 Galaxy cluster or protocluster Protocluster candidate 69 The tabulated distance is the light travel distance which has no direct physical significance See discussion at distance measures and Observable UniverseThis is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources List of most distant objects by type EditThis article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information June 2023 Most distant object by type Type Object Redshift distance NotesAny astronomical object no matter what type JADES GS z13 0 z 13 20 Most distant galaxy with a spectroscopically confirmed redshift as of December 2022 update 6 These are data from Webb science in progress as of 9 December 2022 which has not yet been through the peer review process The estimated light travel distance is about 13 6 billion light years and a proper distance of approximately 33 6 billion light years 10 3 billion parsecs from Earth due to the Universe s expansion since the light we now observe left it about 13 6 billion years ago 3 See also List of galaxiesGalaxy or protogalaxyGalaxy cluster CL J1001 0220 z 2 506 As of 2016 70 See also List of galaxy clustersGalaxy supercluster Hyperion proto supercluster z 2 45 This supercluster at the time of its discovery in 2018 was the earliest and largest proto supercluster found to date 71 See also List of superclustersGalaxy protocluster A2744z7p9OD z 7 88 This protocluster at the time of its discovery in 2023 was the most distant protocluster found and spectroscopically confirmed to date 72 See also List of galaxy groups and clustersQuasar QSO J0313 1806 z 7 64 73 See also List of quasarsBlack hole 73 Star or protostar or post stellar corpse detected by an event Progenitor of GRB 090423 z 8 2 74 25 Note GRB 090429B has a photometric redshift zp 9 4 75 and so is most likely more distant than GRB 090423 but is lacking spectroscopic confirmation See also List of gamma ray bursts Estimated an approximate distance of 13 billion lightyears from EarthStar or protostar or post stellar corpse detected as a star WHL0137 LS Earendel z 6 2 0 1 12 9 Gly Most distant individual star detected March 2022 76 77 Previous records include SDSS J1229 1122 78 and MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1 79 Star cluster The Sparkler z 1 378 13 9 Gly Galaxy with globular clusters gravitationally lensed in SMACS J0723 3 7327 80 System of star clustersX ray jet PJ352 15 quasar jet z 5 831 12 7 Gly 81 The previous recordholder was at 12 4 Gly 82 83 Microquasar XMMU J004243 6 412519 2 5 Mly First extragalactic microquasar discovered 84 85 86 Nebula like object Himiko z 6 595 Possibly one of the largest objects in the early universe 87 88 Planet SWEEPS 11 SWEEPS 04 27 710 ly 89 An analysis of the lightcurve of the microlensing event PA 99 N2 suggests the presence of a planet orbiting a star in the Andromeda Galaxy 90 A controversial microlensing event of lobe A of the double gravitationally lensed Q0957 561 suggests that there is a planet in the lensing galaxy lying at redshift 0 355 3 7 Gly 91 92 Most distant event by type Type Event Redshift NotesGamma ray burst GRB 090423 z 8 2 74 25 Note GRB 090429B has a photometric redshift zp 9 4 75 and so is most likely more distant than GRB 090423 but is lacking spectroscopic confirmation See also List of gamma ray burstsCore collapse supernova SN 1000 0216 z 3 8993 93 See also List of most distant supernovaeType Ia supernova SN UDS10Wil z 1 914 94 See also List of supernovaeType Ia supernova SN SCP 0401 Mingus z 1 71 First observed in 2004 it was not until 2013 that it could be identified as a Type Ia SN 95 96 See also List of supernovaeCosmic Decoupling Cosmic Background Radiation creation z 1000 to 1089 97 98 Timeline of most distant astronomical object recordholders EditObjects in this list were found to be the most distant object at the time of determination of their distance This is frequently not the same as the date of their discovery Distances to astronomical objects may be determined through parallax measurements use of standard references such as cepheid variables or Type Ia supernovas or redshift measurement Spectroscopic redshift measurement is preferred while photometric redshift measurement is also used to identify candidate high redshift sources The symbol z represents redshift Most Distant Object Titleholders not including candidates based on photometric redshifts Object Type Date Distance z Redshift NotesHD1 Galaxy 7 April 2022 Present z 13 27 Guinness World RecordGN z11 Galaxy 2016 2022 z 10 957 13 14 EGSY8p7 Galaxy 2015 2016 z 8 68 99 100 101 102 Progenitor of GRB 090423 Remnant of GRB 090423 Gamma ray burst progenitor Gamma ray burst remnant 2009 2015 z 8 2 25 103 IOK 1 Galaxy 2006 2009 z 6 96 103 104 105 106 SDF J132522 3 273520 Galaxy 2005 2006 z 6 597 106 107 SDF J132418 3 271455 Galaxy 2003 2005 z 6 578 107 108 109 110 HCM 6A Galaxy 2002 2003 z 6 56 The galaxy is lensed by galaxy cluster Abell 370 This was the first non quasar galaxy found to exceed redshift 6 It exceeded the redshift of quasar SDSSp J103027 10 052455 0 of z 6 28 108 109 111 112 113 114 SDSS J1030 0524 SDSSp J103027 10 052455 0 Quasar 2001 2002 z 6 28 115 116 117 118 119 120 SDSS 1044 0125 SDSSp J104433 04 012502 2 Quasar 2000 2001 z 5 82 121 122 119 120 123 124 125 SSA22 HCM1 Galaxy 1999 2000 z gt 5 74 126 127 HDF 4 473 0 Galaxy 1998 1999 z 5 60 127 RD1 0140 326 RD1 Galaxy 1998 z 5 34 128 129 130 127 131 CL 1358 62 G1 amp CL 1358 62 G2 Galaxies 1997 1998 z 4 92 These were the most remote objects discovered at the time The pair of galaxies were found lensed by galaxy cluster CL1358 62 z 0 33 This was the first time since 1964 that something other than a quasar held the record for being the most distant object in the universe 129 132 133 130 127 134 PC 1247 3406 Quasar 1991 1997 z 4 897 121 135 136 137 138 PC 1158 4635 Quasar 1989 1991 z 4 73 121 138 139 140 141 142 Q0051 279 Quasar 1987 1989 z 4 43 143 139 142 144 145 146 Q0000 26 QSO B0000 26 Quasar 1987 z 4 11 143 139 147 PC 0910 5625 QSO B0910 5625 Quasar 1987 z 4 04 This was the second quasar discovered with a redshift over 4 121 139 148 149 Q0046 293 QSO J0048 2903 Quasar 1987 z 4 01 143 139 148 150 151 Q1208 1011 QSO B1208 1011 Quasar 1986 1987 z 3 80 This is a gravitationally lensed double image quasar and at the time of discovery to 1991 had the least angular separation between images 0 45 148 152 153 PKS 2000 330 QSO J2003 3251 Q2000 330 Quasar 1982 1986 z 3 78 148 154 155 OQ172 QSO B1442 101 Quasar 1974 1982 z 3 53 156 157 158 OH471 QSO B0642 449 Quasar 1973 1974 z 3 408 Nickname was the blaze marking the edge of the universe 156 158 159 160 161 4C 05 34 Quasar 1970 1973 z 2 877 Its redshift was so much greater than the previous record that it was believed to be erroneous or spurious 158 162 163 164 5C 02 56 7C 105517 75 495540 95 Quasar 1968 1970 z 2 399 134 164 165 4C 25 05 4C 25 5 Quasar 1968 z 2 358 134 164 166 PKS 0237 23 QSO B0237 2321 Quasar 1967 1968 z 2 225 162 166 167 168 169 4C 12 39 Q1116 12 PKS 1116 12 Quasar 1966 1967 z 2 1291 134 169 170 171 4C 01 02 Q0106 01 PKS 0106 1 Quasar 1965 1966 z 2 0990 134 169 170 172 3C 9 Quasar 1965 z 2 018 169 173 174 175 176 177 3C 147 Quasar 1964 1965 z 0 545 178 179 180 181 3C 295 Radio galaxy 1960 1964 z 0 461 127 134 182 183 184 LEDA 25177 MCG 01 23 008 Brightest cluster galaxy 1951 1960 z 0 2 V 61000 km s This galaxy lies in the Hydra Supercluster It is located at B1950 0 08h 55m 4s 03 21 and is the BCG of the fainter Hydra Cluster Cl 0855 0321 ACO 732 127 184 185 186 187 188 189 LEDA 51975 MCG 05 34 069 Brightest cluster galaxy 1936 z 0 13 V 39000 km s The brightest cluster galaxy of the Bootes Cluster ACO 1930 an elliptical galaxy at B1950 0 14h 30m 6s 31 46 apparent magnitude 17 8 was found by Milton L Humason in 1936 to have a 40 000 km s recessional redshift velocity 188 190 191 LEDA 20221 MCG 06 16 021 Brightest cluster galaxy 1932 z 0 075 V 23000 km s This is the BCG of the Gemini Cluster ACO 568 and was located at B1950 0 07h 05m 0s 35 04 190 192 BCG of WMH Christie s Leo Cluster Brightest cluster galaxy 1931 1932 z V 19700 km s 192 193 194 195 BCG of Baede s Ursa Major Cluster Brightest cluster galaxy 1930 1931 z V 11700 km s 195 196 NGC 4860 Galaxy 1929 1930 z 0 026 V 7800 km s 196 197 198 NGC 7619 Galaxy 1929 z 0 012 V 3779 km s Using redshift measurements NGC 7619 was the highest at the time of measurement At the time of announcement it was not yet accepted as a general guide to distance however later in the year Edwin Hubble described redshift in relation to distance which became accepted widely as an inferred distance 197 199 200 NGC 584 Dreyer nebula 584 Galaxy 1921 1929 z 0 006 V 1800 km s At the time nebula had yet to be accepted as independent galaxies However in 1923 galaxies were generally recognized as external to the Milky Way 188 197 199 201 202 203 204 M104 NGC 4594 Galaxy 1913 1921 z 0 004 V 1180 km s This was the second galaxy whose redshift was determined the first being Andromeda which is approaching us and thus cannot have its redshift used to infer distance Both were measured by Vesto Melvin Slipher At this time nebula had yet to be accepted as independent galaxies NGC 4594 was measured originally as 1000 km s then refined to 1100 and then to 1180 in 1916 197 201 204 Arcturus Alpha Bootis Star 1891 1910 160 ly 18 mas this is very inaccurate true 37 ly This number is wrong originally announced in 1891 the figure was corrected in 1910 to 40 ly 60 mas From 1891 to 1910 it had been thought this was the star with the smallest known parallax hence the most distant star whose distance was known Prior to 1891 Arcturus had previously been recorded of having a parallax of 127 mas 205 206 207 208 Capella Alpha Aurigae Star 1849 1891 72 ly 46 mas 209 210 211 Polaris Alpha Ursae Minoris Star 1847 1849 50 ly 80 mas this is very inaccurate true 375 ly 212 213 Vega Alpha Lyrae Star part of a double star pair 1839 1847 7 77 pc 125 mas 212 61 Cygni Binary star 1838 1839 3 48 pc 313 6 mas This was the first star other than the Sun to have its distance measured 212 214 215 Uranus Planet of the Solar System 1781 1838 18 AU This was the last planet discovered before the first successful measurement of stellar parallax It had been determined that the stars were much farther away than the planets Saturn Planet of the Solar System 1619 1781 10 AU From Kepler s Third Law it was finally determined that Saturn is indeed the outermost of the classical planets and its distance derived It had only previously been conjectured to be the outermost due to it having the longest orbital period and slowest orbital motion It had been determined that the stars were much farther away than the planets Mars Planet of the Solar System 1609 1619 2 6 AU when Mars is diametrically opposed to Earth Kepler correctly characterized Mars and Earth s orbits in the publication Astronomia nova It had been conjectured that the fixed stars were much farther away than the planets Sun Star 3rd century BC 1609 380 Earth radii very inaccurate true 16000 Earth radii Aristarchus of Samos made a measurement of the distance of the Sun from the Earth in relation to the distance of the Moon from the Earth The distance to the Moon was described in Earth radii 20 also inaccurate The diameter of the Earth had been calculated previously At the time it was assumed that some of the planets were further away but their distances could not be measured The order of the planets was conjecture until Kepler determined the distances from the Sun of the five known planets that were not Earth It had been conjectured that the fixed stars were much farther away than the planets Moon Moon of a planet 3rd century BC 20 Earth radii very inaccurate true 64 Earth radii Aristarchus of Samos made a measurement of the distance between the Earth and the Moon The diameter of the Earth had been calculated previously z represents redshift a measure of recessional velocity and inferred distance due to cosmological expansion mas represents parallax a measure of angle and distance can be determined through trigonometryList of objects by year of discovery that turned out to be most distant EditThis list contains a list of most distant objects by year of discovery of the object not the determination of its distance Objects may have been discovered without distance determination and were found subsequently to be the most distant known at that time However object must have been named or described An object like OJ 287 is ignored even though it was detected as early as 1891 using photographic plates but ignored until the advent of radiotelescopes Examples Year of record Modern light travel distance Mly Object Type Detected using First record by 1 964 2 5 216 Andromeda Galaxy Spiral galaxy naked eye Abd al Rahman al Sufi 217 1654 3 Triangulum Galaxy Spiral galaxy refracting telescope Giovanni Battista Hodierna 218 1779 68 219 Messier 58 Barred spiral galaxy refracting telescope Charles Messier 220 1785 76 4 221 NGC 584 Galaxy William Herschel1880s 206 29 222 NGC 1 Spiral galaxy Dreyer Herschel1959 2 400 223 3C 273 Quasar Parkes Radio Telescope Maarten Schmidt Bev Oke 224 1960 5 000 225 3C 295 Radio galaxy Palomar Observatory Rudolph MinkowskiData missing from table2009 13 000 226 GRB 090423 Gamma ray burst progenitor Swift Gamma Ray Burst Mission Krimm H et al 227 See also EditAge of the universe List of largest cosmic structures List of exoplanet extremes Lists of astronomical objectsReferences Edit Planck Collaboration 2020 Planck 2018 results VI Cosmological parameters Astronomy amp Astrophysics 641 page A6 see PDF page 15 Table 2 Age Gyr last column arXiv 1807 06209 Bibcode 2020A amp A 641A 6P doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201833910 S2CID 119335614 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn Staff 2015 UCLA Cosmological Calculator UCLA Retrieved 6 August 2022 Light travel distance was calculated from redshift value using the UCLA Cosmological Calculator with parameters values as of 2015 H0 67 74 and OmegaM 0 3089 see Table Planck2015 at Lambda CDM model Parameters a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf Staff 2018 UCLA Cosmological Calculator UCLA Retrieved 6 August 2022 Light travel distance was calculated from redshift value using the UCLA Cosmological Calculator with parameters values as of 2018 H0 67 4 and OmegaM 0 315 see Table Planck2018 at Lambda CDM model Parameters a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce Staff 2022 ICRAR Cosmology Calculator International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research Retrieved 6 August 2022 ICRAR Cosmology Calculator Set H0 67 4 and OmegaM 0 315 see Table Planck2018 at Lambda CDM model Parameters a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce Kempner Joshua 2022 KEMPNER Cosmology Calculator Kempner net Retrieved 6 August 2022 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