List of minerals (synonyms)

The International Mineralogical Association (IMA) is the international group that recognises new minerals and new mineral names. However, minerals discovered before 1959 did not go through the official naming procedure although some minerals published previously have been either confirmed or discredited since that date.

• Abbreviations:
  • "*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
  • "?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC, mindat.org or mineralienatlas.de status).
  • ^N – published without approval of the IMA/CNMNC.
  • ^I – intermediate member of a solid-solution series.
  • ^H – hypothetical mineral (synthetic, anthropogenic, etc.)
    • ^ch – incomplete description, hypothetical solid solution end member.
  • group – a name used to designate a group of species, sometimes only a mineral group name.
  • no – no link available.
  • red. – redefinition of ...
  • Y: 1NNN – year of publication.
  • Y: old – known before publications were available.

List of main synonyms

Mainly renamed minerals and synonyms used by the Handbook of Mineralogy.^[1]

A

• A
  • Andorite IV: Quatrandorite; arrojadite-(BaFe): sigismundite;

B

• B
  • Boldyrevite: UM1941-01-F:AlCaHMgNa; Britholite-(Ce): Lessingite-(Ce)

C

• C
  • Chrysotile: Bostonite, Cyphoîte, Karystiolite, Krysolith, Kuphoite, Kupholite, Lefkasbestos, Picrosmine, Pikrosmin, Schweizerite, Ishkildite (var.);

D–E

• D
• E
  • Epidote-(Pb): Hancockite;

F–G

• F
  • Fraipontite: Zinalsite; Ferro-Ferritschermakite: Ferri-Ferrotschermakite;
• G
  • Gagarinite-(Ce): Zajacite-(Ce)

H–J

• H
  • Helvine: helvite; hinsdalite: orpheite; hydrokenoelsmoreite: alumotungstite, ferritungstite; hisingerite: sturtite;
• I
• J
  • Johnbaumite-M: fermorite, Jadeite;

K–L

• K
  • Karpatite: pendletonite (CNMMN, 1971), carpathite and coronene
• L
  • Litidionite: lithidionite

M

• M
  • Manganohörnesite: manganese-hörnesite

N-O

• N
  • Natrozippeite: sodium-zippeite; natroboltwoodite: sodium-boltwoodite;
• O
  • Osmium: iridosmine (var.);

P–R

• P
  • Pyrosmalite-Fe: Ferropyrosmalite
• Q
  • Qingheiite: Qinghelite; Qitianlingite: Qitianglinite; Quartz: Azetulite, Azeztulite, Dragonite, Konilite, Lodolite, Quartz-alpha, Quertz; Quartz varieties: Agate, Amberine, Amethyst, Ametrine, Apricotine,^[2] Aventurine, Azurchalcedony, Basanite, Bayate, Beekite, Binghamite, Bloodstone, Buhrstone, Carnelian, Chalcedony, Chert, Chrysojasper, Citrine, Cotterite, Creolite, Cubosilicite, Dallasite, Damsonite, Darlingite, Diackethyst, Eisenkiesel, El Doradoite, Flint, Haytorite, Herbeckite, Irnimite, Jasper, Kinradite, Myrickite, Onyx, Pastelite, Prase, Prasiolite, Quartzine, Quetzalitztli, Ribbonstone, Sard, Sardonyx, Schwimmstein, Seftonite
• R
  • Rutile: Cajuelite, Crispite, Dicksbergite, Edisonite, Gallitzinite, Paraedrite, Rutilite, Titankalk, Titanschorl; Rutile varieties: Ilmenorutile, Lusterite, Nigrine, Struverite; Römerite: Bückingite, Louderbackite, Roemerite;

S

• S
  • Stibiconite: hydroroméite; smolyaninovite: smolianinovite; sofiite: sophiite;

T

• T
  • Tadzhikite-(Ce): Tadzhikite-(Y); tantalite-(Fe): ferrotantalite; tantalite-(Mn): manganotantalite

U–Z

• U
  • Uzonite: Usonite;
• V
  • Veatchite-p: P-Veatchite;
• W
• X
  • Xanthoconite: Rittingerite, Xanthocone; Xonotlite: Calcium-Pectolite, Eakleite, Xenotlite, Xonaltite, Xonolite
• Y
  • Yttrotungstite-(Ce): Cerotungstite-(Ce)
• Z

Mineral varieties

Mainly minerals varieties used by the Handbook of Mineralogy.

1. Iridosmine*, an osmium variety, 01.AF.05 [1] [2] [3]
2. Plagioclase solid solution series:
   1. An0: albite; An20: oligoclase; An40: andesine; An60: labradorite; An80: bytownite; An100: anorthite
   2. Oligoclase, albite variety, 09.FA.35 [4] [5] [6]
   3. Andesine, albite variety, 09.FA.35 [7] [8] [9]
   4. Labradorite, anorthite variety, 09.FA.35 [10] [11] [12]
   5. Bytownite, anorthite variety, 09.FA.35 [13] [14] [15]
3. Ilmenorutile, a rutile variety, 04.DB.05 [16] [17] [18]
4. Incaite*, a franckeite variety, 02.HF.25b [19] [20] [21]
5. Kamacite, a native iron variety, 01.AE.05 [22] [23] [24]
6. Kerolite* (discredited 1979), a Ni-bearing variety of talc (?), 09.EC.05, [25] [26] [no]
7. Lewistonite* (discredited 1978), a carbonate-rich variety of fluorapatite, 08.BN.05 [27] [28] [no]
8. Metaberyllite* (Y: 1973, discredited 2006), a variety of beryllite, 09.AE.05, [29] [30] [no]
9. Potosiite*, a franckeite variety, 02.HF.25b [31] [32] [33]
10. Sakharovaite* (Y: 1956, discredited 2006), a Bi-bearing variety of jamesonite, 02.HB.15, [34] [35] [36]
11. Struverite*, a rutile variety, 04.DB.05 [37] [38] [39]

Doubtful procedures

Unnamed minerals, controversial discreditations

• Wolframoixiolite, a W-bearing variety of ixiolite, 04.DB.25; possibly a separate species.^[3][4]

• Scandian ixiolite (of von Knorring)^N, a Nb-bearing variety of ixiolite, 04.DB.25; possibly a separate species.^[5][6]
• Scandian ixiolite (of Bergstol)^N, a Sc-bearing variety of ixiolite, 04.DB.25; possibly a separate species.^[7][8]

• Ktenasite (Y: 1950) 07.DD.20, possibly a mineral group, under review (Leverett et al., 2009–2011).^[9]

• Unnamed (Zn-analogue of Ktenasite)^N.^[10]
• Unnamed (Co-analogue of Ktenasite)^N.^[11]
• Mg- or Cd-bearing varieties are also known.

• Loparite-(Ce) (Y: 1923) 04.CC.35, possibly a mineral group^[12]

• Mitchell R H, Burns P C, Chakhmouradian A R (2000) The crystal structures of loparite-(Ce), The Canadian Mineralogist 38, 145-152.
• Zubkova, N. V., Arakcheeva, A. V., Pushcharovskii, D. Y., Semenov, E. I., & Atencio, D. (2000). Crystal structure of loparite. Crystallography Reports, 45(2), 210-214.

• Calciogadolinite-Y? (Y: 1938) might be a calcian gadolinite.^[13][14]
• Clinotyrolite^N (monoclinic), both minerals might belong to a mineral group since tyrolite was shown to be monoclinic (pseudo-orthorhombic).^[15]
• Yttromicrolite-(Y) within the framework of nomenclature of Hogarth (1977): discreditation was not made by proper way (in the course of defamation of Crook, 1982).^[16]
• Pimelite* (Y: 1800, 1938) a nickel dominant smectite, is under review. Associations: nickel-bearing talc, yellow green nickeloan nontronite, red brown hematite stained nontronite, bright white montmorillonite.^[17][18][19]
• Tetranatrolite (discredited in 1999): might be identical to gonnardite, discreditation procedure apparently done without actually working on the type specimen or on any identified tetranatrolite itself.^[20][21][22]
• Yftisite-(Y) (discredited in 1987): but apparently the cell parameters are known (Balko & Bakakin, 1975).^[23]
• Buserite (IMA1970-024): dehydrates to birnessite, known synthetic compound.^[24][25][26]
• Zincobotryogen: it is discredited (IMA1967 s.p.) but its crystal structure has been solved (space group 14).^[27]
• Strontioborite: it is discredited (IMA1962 s.p.) but its crystal structure has been solved (space group 4).^[28]
• Aguilarite (Y: 1944, Ag₄SeS, 2.BA.55): it might be two solid solution series, a monoclinic 'acanthite-like' series (from Ag₂S - Ag₂S_0.4Se_0.6), and an orthorhombic 'naumannite-like' series (from Ag₂S_0.3Se_0.7 - Ag₂Se).^[29]

Controversial chemical formulas (IMA Master List)

(and/or possible "analytical" artifacts)

• Kobeite-Y (Y: 1950) 04.DG.05, the original analytical determinations contain between 14.91% and 17.08% ZrO₂ with only 1.99% and 1.59% SiO₂ respectively. The chemical formula (IMA version: (Y,U)(Ti,Nb)₂(O,OH)₆) doesn't contain Zr.

• Pavel Kartashov:
• If no Zr and U>Th then euxenite group, polycrase
• If no Zr and U<Th then aeschynite group, priorite, blomastrandin.^{[30][31][32][33]}

• Divalent sulfide. Mackinawite (Y: 1963) 02.CC.25 (IMA formula: (Fe,Ni)
  _1+xS (${\displaystyle 0\leq x\leq 0.07}$ )), sulfide anion (atoms per formula unit, apfu) might be too low due to analytical losses.^[34][35][36]
• Pseudo monovalent mercury, mindat.org changed the chemical formulas: there is mercury(II) and (dimercury) [Hg-Hg] now.

Notes:

• Claraite (IMA2016-L, IMA1981-023) 05.DA.30 (IMA formula: Cu²⁺₃CO₃(OH)₄·4H₂O), but after U. Kolitsch it has essential As and S.^[37]

• Kolitsch, U. & Brandstätter, F. (2012): 1743) Baryt, Chalkophyllit und Clarait vom Pengelstein bei Kitzbühel, Tirol. P. 149. in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2012): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LX. Carinthia II, 202./122., 123-180.
• Putz, H., Lechner, A. & Poeverlein, R. (2012): Erythrin und Clarait vom Pichlerstollen am Silberberg bei Rattenberg, Nordtirol. Lapis, 37 (1), 47-52; 62.
• New chemical formula: (Cu,Zn)₁₅(CO₃)₄(AsO₄)₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₄·7H₂O.

• Cosalite (Y: 1868) 02.JB.10 (IMA formula: Pb₂Bi₂S₅). It might have copper as essential constituent (AM Clark, MH Hey (1993) Hey's mineral index: mineral species, varieties and synonyms), (Zak, L.; Megarskaya, L.; Mumme, W. G. (1992). "Rezbanyite from Ocna de fier (Vasko): a mixture of bismuthinite derivatives and cosalite". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie. Monatshefte 1992: 69–79.).

• The general structural formula for cosalite can be expressed as: Cu_xAg_{(i + s)}Pb_{[8–2s–0.5(x + i)]}Bi_{(8 + s)}S₂₀.^[38]

• Mayenite (IMA2013-C, IMA1963-016): it can not be found in nature. Mayenite (stabilized by moisture) can be found in cement industry chemistry. Chlormayenite can be found in nature.

Suspended (IMA status)

• (IMA2000-026) (Mn,Li)₄(Ta,Sn)₄(Ta,Nb)₈O₃₂: IMA approval status is suspended, but it was incorrectly stated as approved in Grice, J.D. & Ferraris, G. (2001).^[39]
• (IMA1989-012), zhangpeishanite (of Shen), unnamed (cordylite-like (Ca□Ba₂Ce₄[CO₃]₈F₂).^[40]

Grandfathered (IMA valid species)

• Chrysocolla? (Theophrastus, 315 BC), it's suggested that it is mixture of spertiniite (Cu(OH)₂) and chalcedony or opal, it has similarities with copper-bearing allophane.^[41]
• Loranskite-(Y) (Y: 1899) it might be a fictional mineral, the type material is probably a mixture of euxenite and zircon.^[42][43]

Rejected or discredited minerals

• Possibly non-valid: bismutostibiconite, lazurite and lonsdaleite.
• Arsenosulvanite^D [40] [41] [42]
  • Probably colusite.
• Carbonate-apatites:
  • Carbonate-rich fluorapatite (discredited 2008) 08.BN.05 [43] [44] [45]
  • Carbonate-rich hydroxylapatite (discredited 2008) 08.BN.05 [46] [47] [48]
• Chelyabinskite^HQD (Y: 1988, rejected 1986) 07.DG.45 [49] [50] [no]
  • Possibly identical to thaumasite.
• Churchite-(Nd)^D (Y: 1983, IMA1987 s.p., IMA2015-C) 08.CJ.50 [51] [52] [no]
• Dienerite^D (Y: 1944, discredited 2006) 02.?? [53] [54] [55]
  • It was reported as microinclusions in a sobolevite grain, Norilsk deposit (2006).
• Ferrorhodsite (spinel, linnaeite: IMA1996-047, discredited 2018) 02.DA.05 [56] [57] [no]
• Fluorarrojadite-(BaNa)^N 08.BF.?? (IMA2005 s.p., red.) [no] [58] [no]
• Foshallasite^D [59] [60] [61]
• Heliophyllite^D (Y: 1888) 03.DC.65 [62] [63] [64]
• Imgreite^D (discredited 1968) [65] [66] [no]
• Natrofairchildite^D [67] [68] [69]
  • Probably nyerereite.
• Pseudo-autunite^D (Y: 1965) [70] [71] [no]
• Schirmerite^D (Y: 1874, redefined and discredited 2008) 02.JB.40d [72] [73] [74] ^[44]
• Spodiophyllite^D (IMA1998 s.p.) [75]
  • Possibly a mica related to tainiolite: Canadian Mineralogist 36 (1998), 905.
• Strontioborite^D (Y: 1960) 06.FC.10 [76] [77] [78]
• Vondechenite^D (IMA2016-065) 03.
• Wellsite^D [79] [80] [no]
  • Either barian phillipsite-Ca or calcian harmotome.
• Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)^D (Y: 1982) 05.BD.10 [81] [82] [no]
  • Note: probably huanghoite-(Ce) or kukharenkoite-(Ce).

Errors and synonyms

• Ankangite^D (IMA1986-026) 04.DK.05 [83] [84] [85]
  • Synonym of mannardite (discredited in 2012: IMA 2011-F).
• Aniyunwiyaite^D (IMA2018-054) 08. [86] [no] [no]
  • Synonym of kingsmountite.
• Annivite^D (tetrahedrite: IMA2018-K, IMA2008 s.p., 1854) 02.
• Basaluminite^D [87] [88] [89]
  • Synonym of felsőbányaite.
• Bobdownsite^D (IMA2008-037, discredited 2017) 08.AC.45 [90] [91] [no]
  • Synonym of merrillite.
• Brabantite^D (Y: 1981, discredited 2007) [92] [93] [94]
  • Synonym of cheralite.
• Brearleyite^D (IMA2013-C, IMA2010-062) 04.CC.20 [95] [no] [no]
  • Synonym of chlormayenite.
• Cadmoxite^D (IMA2012-037) 04.AB.?? [96] [no] [no]
  (IUPAC: Cadmium oxide)
  • The type material is uraninite: CNMNC Newsletter No. 17, October 2013
• Clinotyrolite^D (Y: 1980) 8.DM.10 [97] [no]
  • Synonym of tangdanite.
• Cobaltogordaite^D (IMA2015-K, IMA2014-043) 07.D?. [99] [no] [no]
  • Thérèsemagnanite got redefined, same as thérèsemagnanite now.
• Coeruleolactite^D (n/a) [100] [no] [101]
  • Turquoise group, discredited 2006.
• Chromo-alumino-povondraite (IMA2009-088, IMA2013-089 with new type material) 09.CK.05 [102] [no] [no]
  • Former type material is chromdravite: CNMNC Newsletter No. 16, August 2013; Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (2013), 2695-2709.
• Diomignite^D (IMA2015-H, IMA1984-058a) 06.DD.05 [103] [104] [105]
  • Misidentification of zabuyelite.
• Eleonorite^D (beraunite: IMA2015-003) 8.0 [106] [no] [no]
  • Synonym of beraunite.
• Endellite^D [107] [108] [no]
  • Halloysite-10Å
• Fejerite^D (IMA2012-014, IMA2015-L) 03.??. [109] [no] [no]
  • Claringbullite got redefined, same as claringbullite now.
• Ferrotellurite^D (Y: 1877) 07.AB.10 [110] [no] [no]
  Note: type material is keystoneite.
• Fluorthalénite-(Y) (IMA2014-D, IMA1994-022) 09.BJ.20 [111] [112] [no]
  • Thalénite-(Y) got redefined, same as thalénite-(Y) now.
• Freibergite^D (tetrahedrite: IMA2018-K, 1853) 02.GB.05
• Lesukite (IMA2018-H, IMA1996-004) 03.BD.10 [113] [114] [no]
  • It is cadwaladerite.
• Marianoite^D (discredited 2020, IMA2005-005a) 9.BE.17 [115] [116] [117]
  • It is wöhlerite.
• Orpheite^D [118]^[45]
  • Identical to hinsdalite.
• Potassicmendeleevite-(Ce) (IMA2009-093, not approved) 09.??. [119]
• Steedeite^D (IMA2010-049, approval withdrawn 2011) 09.CA.15 [120] [no] [no]
  • Synonym of catapleiite.
• Surkhobite^D (IMA2007-A, IMA2006-E, IMA2002-037 Rd) 9.BE.67 [121] [no] [122]
  • Synonym of perraultite

Non minerals

• Ashanite^D [123] [no] [124]
  • Probably a mixture of several minerals including ixiolite, samarskite-(Y) and uranmicrolite.
• Boldyrevite^D (IMA2006-C, Y: 1941) 03.CF.10 [125] [126] [no]
  • It might be impure hydrokenoralstonite or gearksutite.
• Bursaite^D [127] [no] [128]
  • A mixture of two sulphosalts.
• Girdite^D (IMA2016-F, IMA1979-006) 04.JL.30 [129] [130] [131]
  • Two or more phases.
• Horsfordite^D (discredited IMA2006 s.p.) [132] [no] [133]
  • Smelter product, it has three phases.
• Iodine^D (Y: 1897, IMA2015-D) 01.AA.15 [134] [no] [no]
  • Type specimen description states that it is only a vapour production.^[46]
• Parajamesonite^D (discredited 2007) [135] [136] [137]
  • Either jamesonite or a mixture of jamesonite and argentian tetrahedrite (freibergite) and/or ramdohrite.
• Jeromite^D [138] [139] [140]
  • An amorphous As-S-Se phase of variable composition.
• Merumite^D [141]
  • A mixture of mainly eskolaite and bracewellite, grimaldiite, guyanaite and mcconnellite.
• Natromontebrasite^D (IMA2005-E) [142] [143] [144]
  • A mixture of amblygonite, lacroixite and wardite.
• Partzite^D (IMA2016-B, IMA2013 s.p., 1867) 04.??. [145] [146] [147]
  • A mixture of several phases, which include a member of the plumboroméite group and a chrysocolla-like amorphous phase.
• Percylite^D [148] [149] [no]
  • Mixture of boleite und pseudoboleite.
• Spodiosite^D (IMA2003-B, Y: 1872) [150] [151] [no]
  • A mixture of calcite, fluorapatite, serpentine group.
• Thorogummite^D (IMA2014-B, Y: 1889) 09.AD.30 [152] [153]
  • Heterogeneous mixture of secondary, non-crystalline minerals, after the alteration, hydration, or metamictization of thorite.
• Tombarthite-(Y)^D (IMA2016-K, IMA1967-031) 09.AD.35 [155] [156] [157] ^{[permanent dead link]}
  • Many phases.
• Uhligite^D (IMA2006-C) 04.XX.?? [158] [159] [160]
  • Possibly impure perovskite or zirkelite.

Discredited mineral varieties

• Anatacamite^D (IMA2015-A, IMA2009-042) 03.DA.10d [161] [no] [no]
  • Twinned clinoatacamite.
• Bakerite^D (IMA2016-A, Y: 1903) 09.AJ.20 [162] [163] [164]
  • Gadolinite supergroup, datolite group was reviewed.
• Cheralite-(Ce)^D [165] [no] [166] ^{[permanent dead link]}
  • Ca-rich monazite-(Ce).
• Fupingqiuite^D (IMA2016-087) 08. [167] [no] [no]
  • Varulite variety.
• Hibschite^D (Y: 1906, IMA1983-B, voting proposal IMA2011-D) 09.AD.25 [168] [169] [170]
  • A variety of grossular.
• Hydrohetaerolite^D (Y: 1928, 2019 s.p.) 04.BB.10 [171] [172] [173]
  • A variety of hetaerolite.^[47]
• Luinaite-(OH)^D (distorted tourmaline: IMA2009-046, IMA21-L) 9.CK.05 [174] [no] [no]
  • A variety of schorl
• Magniotriplite^D (IMA2003-C) [175] [no]
  • A variety of wagnerite.
• Matraite^D (IMA2006-C) [177] [178] [179]
  • A densely twinned columnar variety of sphalerite.
• Paraspurrite^D (IMA2009-B) [180] [181] [182]
  • Polysynthetically microtwinned spurrite.
• Tellurocanfieldite^D (IMA2012-013, approval withdrawn) [183]
  • Te-rich canfieldite.
• Viséite^D [184] [185] [186]
  • Si-bearing crandallite.

Discredited polytypes

See polytype section

Groups and pairs

• Zinnwaldite^G (Y: 1845) 09.EC.20 [187] [188] [189]
  • A series between siderophyllite and polylithionite.
• Hydrophilite^D (discredited IMA2006 s.p.) [190] [191] [192]
  • Its description is incomplete; it can be antarcticite as well as sinjarite.

Amphibole dump

Discredited, renamed and/or hypothetical amphiboles

• Aluminobarroisite^D (Y: 1978) 09.DE.20 [193] [194] [no]
  • Barroisite since 2012.
• Alumino-magnesiotaramite^N (IMA2006-024) 09.DE.20 [195]
  • It isn't an IMA approved mineral.
• Aluminotschermakite^D (Y: 1978) 09.DE.10 [196] [no] [no]
  • Tschermakite since 2012.
• Cannilloite^ch (Y: 1997) 09.DE.10 [197] [no] [no]
  (Ca₃(Mg₄Al)(Si₅A_l3)O₂₂(OH)₂)
• Clinoferroholmquistite^ch (Y: 1997) 09.DE.05 [198] [199] [no]
• Clinoholmquistite [200] [201] [202]
• Ferribarroisite^ch (Y: 1997, 2012) 09.D? [203] [no] [no]
• Ferric-nybøite^ch (Y: 1997) 09.DE.25 [204] [no] [no]
• Ferri-ferrobarroisite (Y: 1918) 09.DE.20 [205] [206] [no]
• Ferri-ferrotschermakite (Y: 1918) 09.D?. [207] [208] [no]
• Ferrikaersutite (IMA2011-035) 09.?? [209] [no] [no]
• Ferri-magnesiotaramite (Y: 1997) 09.DE.20 [210] [211] [no]
• Ferritschermakite^ch (Y: 1949) 09.DE.10 [212] [213] [no]
• Ferrobarroisite^ch (Y: 1978) 09.DE.20 [214] [215] [216]
• Ferro-eckermannite^ch (Y: 1964) 09.DE.25 [217] [218] [no]
• Ferrokaersutite^ch (Y: 1978) 09.DE.15 [219] [220] [221]
• Ferroleakeite^ch (Y: 1997) 09.DE.25 [222] [223] [no]
• Ferronybøite^ch (Y: 1997) 09.?? [224] [no] [no]
• Ferropedrizite^ch (Y: 2003) 09.DE.25 [225] [no] [no]
• Ferrowinchite^ch (Y: 1978) 09.DE.20 [226] [227] [no]
• Leakeite^ch (IMA2012 s.p., IMA1991-028 Rd) 09.DE.25 [228] [229] [230]
• Magnesiosadanagaite (IMA2002-051) 09.DE.15 [231] [232] [233]
• Magnesiotaramite (Y: 1978) 09.DE.20 [234] [235] [236]
• Manganocummingtonite^ch (Y: 1997) 09.DE.05 [237] [238] [no]
• Manganogrunerite^ch (Y: 1997) 09.DE.05 [239] [240] [241]
• Parvo-mangano-edenite (IMA2003-062) 09.DE.15 [242] [243] [no]
• Parvo-manganotremolite (IMA2004-045) 09.DE.10 [244] [245] [no]
• Pedrizite^H (Y: 2000) 09.DE.25 [246] [no] [no]
• Permanganogrunerite^H (Y: 1997) 09.DE.05 [247] [248] [no]
• Potassic-aluminosadanagaite (Y: 2003) 09.?? [no] [no] [no]
• Protomangano-ferro-anthophyllite (IMA1986-007) 09.DD.05 [249] [250] [no]
• Sodicanthophyllite (Y: 1977) 09.DD.05 [251] [252] [no]
• Sodic-ferri-clinoferroholmquistite (IMA1995-045) 09.DE.25 [253] [254] [no]
• Sodic-ferro-anthophyllite^ch (Y: 1997) 09.DD.05 [255] [256] [no]
• Sodic-ferrogedrite^ch (Y: 1997) 09.DD.05 [257] [258] [no]
• Sodic-ferropedrizite^ch (Y: 2003) 09.DE.25 [259] [no] [no]
• Sodicgedrite^ch (Y: 1997) 09.DD.05 [260] [261] [no]
• Sodicpedrizite^ch (Y: 2003) 09.DE.25 [262] [no] [no]

Polytypes

Main article: Polymorphism (materials science)

Based on Nickel (1993).^[48]

Synonyms, discredited polytypes

Under construction

• Barbertonite^D (discredited 2011) [263] [264] [265]
  • Polytype of stichtite.
• Clinobarylite^D (IMA2013-E, IMA2002-015) 09.BB.15 [266] [267] [no]
  (IUPAC: Diberyllium barium sorosilicate, Si₂O₇)
  • Polytype barylite-1O.
• Clinomimetite^D (Y: 1993) 08.BN.05 [268] [269] [270]
  • Polytype mimetite-M (discredited 2010, IMA1990-043a).
• Johnbaumite-M^D [271] [272] [273]
  • Monoclinic polytype of johnbaumite.
• Lavinskyite-2O (IMA2012-028) 09.D? [274] [no] [no]
  (Chemical formula: K(LiCu)Cu₆(Si₄O₁₁)₂(OH)₄)
  • Lavinskyite-1M (liguriaite, IMA2014-035) 09.D? [275] [no] [no]
• Manasseite^D (2012, 1941) 05.DA.45 [276] [277] [278]^[49]
  (IUPAC: Hexamagnesium dialuminium carbonate hexadecahydroxyl tetrahydrate)
  • Polytype hydrotalcite-2H.
• Orthochamosite^D (Y: 1951) 09.EC.55 [279] [no] [no]
  • Possibly a polytype of chamosite. Its formal discreditation was forgotten. It was on the IMA Master List (October 2008).
  • Quote: "the varietal names of brunsvigite, corundophilite, daphnite, delessite, diabantite, grovesite, kiimmererite, kotchubeite, leuchtenbergite, orthochamosite, pennine, pseudothuringite, pycnochlorite, ripidolite, sheridanite, talc-chlorite and thuringite should be discarded."^[50][51]
• Parabariomicrolite^D (IMA2016-C, IMA1984-003) 04.FJ.20 [280] [281] [282]
  • Polytype hydrokenomicrolite-3R.
• Sjögrenite^D (discredited 2012, 1941) 05.DA.45 [283] [284] [285]
  (IUPAC: Hexamagnesium diiron(III) carbonate hexadecahydroxyl tetrahydrate)
  • Polytype pyroaurite-2H.
• Balangeroite 9.DH.35 [286]
  • Polytypes: -2M and -1A.
• Bariopharmacosiderite 8.DK.10 [287]
  • Polytypes: -C and -Q.
• Barylite 9.BB.15 [288]
  • Polytypes: -1O and -2O.
• Berborite 6.AB.10
  • Polytypes: -2H [289], -1T [290], -2T [291]
• Cayalsite-(Y) (IMA2011-094) 9.?? [292] [no] [no]
  • Polytypes: -1M, -1O
• Chamosite 9.EC.55 [293] [294] [295]
  • Clinochamosite
  • Orthochamosite [296] [297] [298]
• Chrysotile 9.ED.15 [299] [300] [none]
  • Clinochrysotile [301] [302] [303]
  • Orthochrysotile [304] [305] [306]
  • Parachrysotile [307] [308] [309]
• Clinotobermorite 9.DG.10 [310]
  • Polytypes: -2M [311] and -1A [312].
• Cualstibite (IMA1983-068) 4.FM.40 [313]
  (IUPAC: Pentacopper dialuminium triantimony(III) dodecaoxy hydroxyl dodecahydrate)
  • Cualstibite-1M* (syn. cyanophyllite, IMA1980-065, IMA2012-B) [314] [315] [316]
  • Cualstibite-1T [317]
• Dioskouriite (IMA2015-106) [318]
  • Polytypes: -2M, -2O
• Ericssonite (IMA1966-013) 9.BE.25 [319]
  • Ericssonite-2M
  • Ericssonite-2O* (syn. orthoericssonite, IMA1970-005, IMA2010-F) [320] [321] [322]
• Gageite 9.DH.35 [323]
  • Polytypes: -1A and -2M.
• Gersdorffite (1986 s.p. Rd) 2.EB.25 [324] [325] [326]
  (IUPAC: Nickel arsenide sulfide)
  • Gersdorffite-P2₁3 (Y: 1982, NiAsS)
  • Gersdorffite-Pa3 (Y: 1845, Ni(As,S)₂)
  • Gersdorffite-Pca2₁ (Y: 1982, NiAsS)
• Graphite 1.CB.05a
  • Polytypes: -2H, -3R
• Greenalite 9.ED.15
  • Polytypes: -1A, -1M, -2M1, -2Å, -3R, -3Å
• Hilgardite 6.ED.05 [327] [328] [329]
  • Hilgardite-1Tc [330] [331] ^{[permanent dead link]}
  • Hilgardite-3Tc [332] [333] ^{[permanent dead link]}
  • Hilgardite-4M [334] [335] ^{[permanent dead link]}
• Illite^G [336] [337] [none]^[52]
  • Polytypes: -1M [338], Illite1Md [339], -2M [340]
• Ivanukite-Na
  • Ivanyukite-Na-C (IMA2007-041) (titanosilicate) [341] [342] [no]
  • Ivanyukite-Na-T (Y: 2009) (titanosilicate) [343] [344] [no]
• Kaolinite 9.ED.05 [345] [346] [347]
  • Dickite [348] [349] [350]
  • Nacrite [351] [352] [353]
• Khinite, broad sense 4.FD.30
  • Khinite-3T* (syn. parakhinite, 1978-036, IMA 2008-C) [354] [355] [356]
  • Khinite-4O (syn. khinite, strict sense; 1978-035, IMA 2008-C Rd)
• Lamprophyllite 9.BE.25
  • Polytypes: -2M [357], -2O [358]
• Moissanite 01.DA.-- ("carborundum (synthetic)") [359]
  (IUPAC: silicon carbide)
  • A large number of polytypes are known, the majority of moissanite samples are 6H and 15R polytypes.
• Natroalunite (Y: 1902) 7.BC.10 [360] [361] [362]
  (IUPAC: Sodium trialuminium disulfate hexahydroxyl)
  • Natroalunite-2c (IMA1980-095) 7.BC.10 [363] [364] [365]
• Nechelyustovite 9.BE.55 [366]
  • Polytypes: -1M and -2M.
• Pearceite-Tac - Polybasite Series
  • Pearceite-Tac 2.GB.15 [367] [368] [369]
  • Polybasite 2.GB.15 [370] [371] [372]
    • Polybasite-Tac [373] [374] [375]
    • Pearceite-T2ac [376] [377] [378]
    • Pearceite-M2a2b2c [379]
    • Polybasite-T2ac [380]
    • Polybasite-M2a2b2c [381]
    • Nomenclature change: antimonpearceite was replaced by polybasite-Tac, arsenpolybasite-221 by pearceite-T2ac, arsenpolybasite-222 by pearceite-M2a2b2c, polybasite-221 by polybasite-T2ac, and polybasite-222 by polybasite-M2a2b2c.^[53]
• Plombièrite 9.DG.08 [382]
  • Polytypes: -4O [383] and -2M [384].
• Quintinite (IMA1992-028, IMA1998 s.p.) 5.DA.40 [385] [386] [none]
  • Quintinite-2H [387]
  • Quintinite-3T* (1992-029, 1998 s.p.) [388]
• Veatchite 6.EC.15 [389] [390] [391] ^[54]
  • Veatchite-A (IMA1978-030) [392] [393] [394] ^{[permanent dead link]}
  • Veatchite-1M (Y: 1959, veatchite-p) [395] [396] [397] ^{[permanent dead link]}
  • Veatchite-2M (Y: 1938) [398]
• Wagnerite (Y: 1821) [399]
  • Polytypes: -Ma2bc, -Ma3bc, -Ma5bc, -Ma7bc, -Ma9bc
• Wollastonite 9.DG.05 [400]
  • Polytypes: -1A [401], -2M [402], -3A [403], -4A [404], -5A [405], -7A [406]
• Wurtzite 2.CB.45 [407]
  • Polytypes: -10H, -15R, -4H, -6H, -8H
• Xonotlite 9.DG.35 [408]
  • Polytypes: -Ma2bc, -Ma2b2c, -M2a2bc
• Zaccagnaite 5.DA.45 [409]
  • Polytypes: -2H, -3R
• Zincowoodwardite 7.DD.35 [410]
  • Polytypes: -1T, -3R
• Zirconolite 4.DH.30 [411]
  • Polytypes: -2M [412], -3O [413], -3T [414]

Hydrous diuranyl di(RO₄) family

Meta-autunite group

• Meta-autunite, 8.EB.10, tetragonal
• Uramarsite, 8.EB.15, tetragonal

Natroautunite group

• Abernathyite, 8.EB.15, tetragonal
• Chernikovite, 8.EB.15, tetragonal
• Meta-ankoleite, 8.EB.15, tetragonal
• Natrouranospinite, 8.EB.15, tetragonal
• Trögerite, 8.EB.15, tetragonal
• Uramphite, 8.EB.15, tetragonal

Carnotite family (partial)

• Carnotite, 4.HB.05, monoclinic
• Margaritasite, 4.HB.05, monoclinic
• Metavanuralite, 4.HB.20, triclinic
• Sengierite, 4.HB.10, monoclinic
• Strelkinite, 4.HB.30, orthorhombic
• Tyuyamunite, 4.HB.25, orthorhombic
• Vanuralite, 4.HB.20, monoclinic

Other hydrous families

• Przhevalskite (4H₂O), 8.EB.10, orthorhombic
• Metauramphite (6H₂O), questionable mineral
• Metauranocircite-I (6H₂O), 8.EB.10, monoclinic
• Lehnerite (8H₂O), 8.EB.05, tetragonal
• Metaheinrichite (8H₂O), 8.EB.10, tetragonal
• Metakahlerite (8H₂O), 8.EB.10, triclinic
• Metakirchheimerite (8H₂O), 8.EB.10, triclinic
• Metanováčekite (8H₂O), 8.EB.10, tetragonal
• Metarauchite (8H₂O), 8.EB.05, triclinic
• Metasaléeite (8H₂O), 8.EB.10, tetragonal
• Metatorbernite (8H₂O), 8.EB.10, tetragonal
• Metauranospinite (8H₂O), 8.EB.10, tetragonal
• Metazeunerite (8H₂O), 8.EB.10, tetragonal
• Threadgoldite (8H₂O), 8.EB.20, monoclinic
• Autunite (10-12H₂O), 8.EB.05, orthorhombic
• Bassetite ((H₂O)₁₀), 8.EB.10, monoclinic
• Heinrichite (10H₂O), 8.EB.05, monoclinic
• Metalodèvite (10H₂O), 8.EB.10, tetragonal
• Nováčekite-II (10H₂O), n.d., monoclinic
• Rauchite (10H₂O), 8.EB.05, triclinic
• Saléeite ((H₂O)₁₀), 8.EB.05, monoclinic
• Uranocircite-II (10H₂O), n.d., tetragonal
• Uranospinite (10H₂O), 8.EB.05, tetragonal
• Kahlerite (12H₂O), 8.EB.10, monoclinic
• Nováčekite-I (12H₂O), 8.EB.05, triclinic
• Torbernite (12H₂O), 8.EB.05, tetragonal
• Zeunerite (12H₂O), 8.EB.05, tetragonal

Hydrotalcite supergroup

The hydrotalcite supergroup might need another review.^[55]

Hydrotalcite group

• Desautelsite^A (1978-016), chemical formula

Suggested: Mg
₆Mn³⁺
₂(OH)
₁₆[CO
₃]·4H
₂O

• Droninoite^A (2008-003), chemical formula

Suggested: Ni
₆Fe³⁺
₂(OH)
₁₆Cl
₂·4H
₂O

• Hydrotalcite^G (Y: 1842), chemical formula

Suggested: Mg₆Al₂(OH)₁₆[CO₃]·4H₂O

• Iowaite^A (1967-002), chemical formula

Suggested: Mg
₆Fe³⁺
₂(OH)
₁₆Cl
₂·4H
₂O

• Jamborite^Q (1971-037), chemical formula

Suggested: possibly Ni²⁺
₆Ni³⁺
₂(OH)
₁₆S·4H
₂O

• Meixnerite^A (1974-003), chemical formula

Suggested: Mg
₆Al
₂(OH)
₁₆(OH)
₂·4H
₂O

• Pyroaurite^Rd (Y: 1865), chemical formula

Suggested: Mg
₆Fe³⁺
₂(OH)
₁₆[CO
₃]·4H
₂O

• Reevesite^A (1966-025), chemical formula

Suggested: Ni
₆Fe³⁺
₂(OH)
₁₆[CO
₃]·4H
₂O

• Stichtite^Rd (Y: 1910), chemical formula

Suggested: Mg6Cr2(OH)16[CO₃]*4H2O

• Takovite^A (Y: 1957, 1977 s.p.), chemical formula

Suggested: Ni₆Al₂(OH)₁₆[CO₃]·4H₂O

• Woodallite^A (2000-042), chemical formula

Suggested: Mg₆Cr₂(OH)₁₆Cl₂·4H₂O

Quintinite group

• Caresite^A (1992-030), chemical formula

Suggested: Fe³⁺
₄Al
₂(OH)
₁₂[CO
₃]·3H
₂O

• Charmarite^A (1992-026), chemical formula

Suggested: Mn₄Al₂(OH)₁₂[CO₃]·3H₂O

• Chlormagaluminite^A (1980-098), chemical formula

Suggested: Mg₄Al₂(OH)₁₂Cl₂·2H₂O

• Comblainite^A (1978-009), chemical formula

Suggested: Ni
₄Co³⁺
₂(OH)
₁₂[CO
₃]·3H
₂O

• Quintinite^A (1992-028), chemical formula

Suggested: Mg₄Al₂(OH)₁₂[CO₃]·3H₂O

• Zaccagnaite^A (1997-019), chemical formula

Suggested: Zn₄Al₂(OH)₁₂[CO₃]·3H₂O

Fougèrite group

• Fougèrite^Rd (2003-057), chemical formula

Suggested: Fe²⁺
₄Fe³⁺
₂(OH)
₁₂[CO
₃]·3H
₂O

• Mössbauerite^A (2012-049), chemical formula

Suggested: Fe³⁺
₆O
₄(OH)
₈[CO
₃]·3H
₂O

• Trébeurdenite^A (2012 s.p.), chemical formula

Suggested: Fe²⁺
₂Fe³⁺
₄O
₂(OH)
₁₀[CO
₃]·3H
₂O

Woodwardite group

• Honessite^A (1962 s.p.), chemical formula

Suggested: ${\displaystyle {\ce {(Ni_{1\!-{\mathit {x}}}Fe_{3\!+{\mathit {x}}})(SO4)_{{\mathit {x}}/2}(OH)2.{\mathit {n}}H2O}}}$  ${\displaystyle (x<0.5,n<3x/2)}$ 

• Woodwardite^G (Y: 1866), chemical formula

Suggested: ${\displaystyle {\ce {(Cu_{1\!-{\mathit {x}}}Al_{\mathit {x}})(SO4)_{{\mathit {x}}/2}(OH)2.{\mathit {n}}H2O}}}$  ${\displaystyle (x<0.5,n>3x/2)}$ 

• Zincowoodwardite^A (1998-026), chemical formula

Suggested: ${\displaystyle {\ce {(Zn_{1\!-{\mathit {x}}}Al_{\mathit {x}})(SO4)_{{\mathit {x}}/2}(OH)2.{\mathit {n}}H2O}}}$  ${\displaystyle (x<0.5,n<3x/2)}$ 

Cualstibite group

• Cualstibite^Rd (1983-068), chemical formula

Suggested: Cu₂Al(OH)₆[Sb(OH)₆]

• Omsite^A (2012-025), chemical formula

Suggested: Ni
₂Fe³⁺
(OH)
₆[Sb(OH)
₆]

• Zincalstibite^A (1998-033), chemical formula

Suggested: Zn₂Al(OH)₆[Sb(OH)₆]

Glaucocerinite group

• Carrboydite^Q (1974-033), chemical formula

Suggested: ${\displaystyle {\ce {(Ni_{1\!-{\mathit {x}}}Al_{\mathit {x}})(SO4)_{{\mathit {x}}/2}(OH)2.{\mathit {n}}H2O}}}$  ${\displaystyle (x<0.5,n>3x/2)}$ 

• Glaucocerinite^G (Y: 1932), chemical formula

Suggested: ${\displaystyle {\ce {(Zn_{1\!-{\mathit {x}}}Al_{\mathit {x}})(SO4)_{{\mathit {x}}/2}(OH)2.{\mathit {n}}H2O}}}$  ${\displaystyle (x<0.5,n>3x/2)}$ 

• Hydrohonessite^A (1980-037a), chemical formula

Suggested: ${\displaystyle {\ce {(Ni_{1\!-{\mathit {x}}}Fe_{3\!+{\mathit {x}}})(SO4)_{{\mathit {x}}/2}(OH)2.{\mathit {n}}H2O}}}$  ${\displaystyle (x<0.5,n>3x/2)}$ 

• Hydrowoodwardite^A (1996-038), chemical formula

Suggested: ${\displaystyle {\ce {(Cu_{1\!-{\mathit {x}}}Al_{\mathit {x}})(SO4)_{{\mathit {x}}/2}(OH)2.{\mathit {n}}H2O}}}$  ${\displaystyle (x<0.5,n>3x/2)}$ 

• Mountkeithite^A (1980-038), chemical formula

Suggested: ${\displaystyle {\ce {(Mg_{1\!-{\mathit {x}}}Fe_{3\!+{\mathit {x}}})(SO4)_{{\mathit {x}}/2}(OH)2.{\mathit {n}}H2O}}}$  ${\displaystyle (x<0.5,n>3x/2)}$ 

• Zincaluminite^Q (Y: 1881), chemical formula

Suggested: ${\displaystyle {\ce {(Zn_{1\!-{\mathit {x}}}Al_{\mathit {x}})(SO4)_{{\mathit {x}}/2}(OH)2.{\mathit {n}}H2O}}}$  ${\displaystyle (x<0.5,n>3x/2)}$ 

Wermlandite group

• Karchevskyite^A (2005-015a), chemical formula

Suggested: Mg₁₈Al₉(OH)₅₄Sr₂(CO₃)₉(H₂O)₆(H₃O)₅

• Motukoreaite^Q (1976-033), chemical formula

Suggested: Mg₆Al₃(OH)₁₈[Na(H₂O)₆](SO₄)₂·6H₂O, possibly more than one species

• Natroglaucocerinite^Q (1995-025), chemical formula

Suggested: possibly Zn₆Al₃(OH)₁₈[Na(H₂O)₆](SO₄)₂·6H₂O

• Nikischerite^A (2001-039), chemical formula

Suggested: Fe²⁺
₆Al
₃(OH)
₁₈[Na(H
₂O)
₆](SO
₄)
₂·6H
₂O

• Shigaite^A (1984-057), chemical formula

Suggested: Mn₆Al₃(OH)₁₈[Na(H₂O)₆](SO₄)₂·6H₂O

• Wermlandite^A (1970-007), chemical formula

Suggested: Mg₇Al₂(OH)₁₈[Ca(H₂O)₆](SO₄)₂·6H₂O

Hydrocalumite group

• Hydrocalumite^G (Y: 1934), chemical formula

Suggested: Ca₄Al₂(OH)₁₂(Cl,CO₃,OH)₂·4H₂O, possibly multiple species

• Kuzelite^A (1996-053), chemical formula

Suggested: Ca₄Al₂(OH)₁₂(SO₄)·6H₂O

See also

• List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association

Further reading

• Subcommittee on zeolite minerals of the IMA/CNMNC
  • Douglas S. Coombs; Alberto Alberti; Thomas Armbruster; Gilberto Artioli; Carmine Colella; Ermanno Galli; Joel D. Grice; Friedrich Liebau; Joseph A. Mandarino; Hideo Minato; Ernest H. Nickel; Elio Passaglia; Donald R. Peacor; Simona Quartieri; Romano Rinaldi; Malcolm I. Ross; Richard A. Sheppard; Ekkehart Tillmanns & Giovanna Vezzalini (December 1997). "Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: report of the subcommittee on zeolites of the international mineralogical association, commission on new minerals and mineral names". The Canadian Mineralogist. 35: 1571–1606.
• "Subcommittee on amphiboles of the IMA/CNMNC"
  • Leake, Bernard E. (November 1978). "Nomenclature of amphiboles". The Canadian Mineralogist. 16: 501–520.
  • Hawthorne, Frank C. (May 1983). "The crystal chemistry of the amphiboles". The Canadian Mineralogist. 21 (2): 173–480.
  • Joseph A. Mandarino (1998). "The Second List of Additions and Corrections to the Glossary of Mineral Species (1995): The Amphibole Group". The Mineralogical Record. 29 (3): 169–174.
  • Bernard E. Leake; Alan R. Woolley; Charles E. S. Arps; William D. Birch; M. Charles Gilbert; Joel D. Grice; Frank C. Hawthorne; Akira Kato; Hanan J. Kisch; Vladimir G. Krivovichev; Kees Linthout; Jo Laird; Joseph A. Mandarino; Walter V. Maresch; Ernest H. Nickel; Nicholas M. S. Rock; John C. Schumacher; David C. Smith; Nick C. N. Stephenson; Luciano Ungaretti; Eric J. W. Whittaker & Guo Youzhi (February 1997). "Nomenclature of amphiboles: Report of the subcommittee on amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association, commission on new minerals and mineral names". The Canadian Mineralogist. 35: 219–246.
  • Bernard E. Leake; Alan R. Woolley; William D. Birch; Ernst A.J. Burke; Giovanni Ferraris; Joel D. Grice; Frank C. Hawthorne; Hanan J. Kisch; Vladimir G. Krivovichev; John C. Schumacher; Nicholas C.N. Stephenson & Eric J.W. Whittaker (December 2003). "Nomenclature of amphiboles: additions and revisions to the International Mineralogical Association's 1997 recommendations". The Canadian Mineralogist. 41 (6): 1355–1362. Bibcode:2003CaMin..41.1355L. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.41.6.1355.
  • Burke, Ernst A.J.; Leake, Bernard E. (December 2004). "Named amphiboles: A new category of amphiboles recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), and the proper order of prefixes to be used in amphibole names". The Canadian Mineralogist. 42 (6): 1881–1884. Bibcode:2004CaMin..42.1881B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.549.4442. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.42.6.1881.
  • Bernard E. Leake; Alan R. Woolley; William D. Birch; Ernst A.J. Burke; Giovanni Ferraris; Joel D. Grice; Frank C. Hawthorne; Hanan J. Kisch; Vladimir G. Krivovichev; John C. Schumacher; Nicholas C.N. Stephenson & Eric J.W. Whittaker (2004). "Nomenclature of amphiboles: additions and revisions to the International Mineralogical Association's amphibole nomenclature". American Mineralogist. 89 (5–6): 883–887.
  • Hawthorne, Frank C.; Oberti, Roberta (October 2007). "Classification of the Amphiboles". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 67 (1): 55–88. Bibcode:2007RvMG...67...55H. doi:10.2138/rmg.2007.67.2.
  • Frank C. Hawthorne; Roberta Oberti; George E. Harlow; Walter V. Maresch; Robert F. Martin; John C. Schumacher; Mark D. Welch (2012). "Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup". American Mineralogist. 97 (11–12): 2031–2048. Bibcode:2012AmMin..97.2031H. doi:10.2138/am.2012.4276.

External links

• Mindat.org 2008-01-29 at the Wayback Machine (The Mineral Database)
• Webmineral.com
• Handbook of Mineralogy (Mineralogical Society of America)
• New minerals recently approved by the IMA-CNMNC

References

1. IMA Database of Mineral Properties
2. Cooke, Edward I.; Cooke, Richard W.I.; Gardner, William, eds. (2019). Handbook of Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names. CRC Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-351-08133-7.
3. "Wolframoixiolite: Mineral information, data and localities".
4. "Mindat Mineralogy Messageboard".
5. "Scandian Ixiolite (Of von Knorring)".
6. "Mindat Mineralogy Messageboard".
7. "Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve): Mineral information, data and localities".
8. "Mindat Mineralogy Messageboard".
9. "Ktenasite: Mineral information, data and localities".
10. "Unnamed (Zn-analogue of Ktenasite): Mineral information, data and localities".
11. "Unnamed (Co-analogue of Ktenasite): Mineral information, data and localities".
12. "Mineralienatlas - Fossilienatlas".
13. "Calciogadolinite-(Y): Mineral information, data and localities".
14. "Mindat Mineralogy Messageboard".
15. "Clinotyrolite: Mineral information, data and localities".
16. "Yttromicrolite (of Hogarth): Mineral information, data and localities".
17. "Pimelite: Mineral information, data and localities".
18. Spangenberg, Kurt (1938) Die wasserhaltigen Nickelsilicate, Cent. Mineral. Abt. A., p. 360-364
19. George T. Faust (1966) The Hydrous Nickel-Magnesium Silicates - The Garnierite Group, American Mineralogist, 51, p. 279-298
20. "Tetranatrolite: Mineral information, data and localities".
21. Lee, Yongjae, Hriljac, Joseph A., Parise, John B., and Vogt, Thomas (2006) Pressure-induced hydration in zeolite tetranatrolite. American Mineralogist: 91: 247-251.
22. Seryotkin, Yu, V. & Bakakin, V.V. (2007) The reversibility of the paranatrolite-tetranatrolite transformation. European Journal of Mineralogy, 19, 593-598.
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