List of khans of the Golden Horde

This is a complete list of khans of the Ulus of Jochi, better known by its later Russian designation as the Golden Horde, in its right (west) wing and left (east) wing divisions known problematically as the Blue Horde and White Horde,^[1] and of its main successor state during a period of disintegration, known as the Great Horde. Khans of the Blue Horde are listed as the principal rulers of the Golden Horde, although many late rulers of the Golden Horde originated from the subordinate White Horde. Following the general convention, the list encompasses the period from the death of Genghis Khan in 1227 to the sack of Sarai by the Crimean Khanate in 1502.^[2] The chronological and genealogical information is often incomplete and contradictory; annotation can be found in the secondary lists in the second part of the article, and in the individual articles on specific monarchs.

Western Half (Blue Horde) Ulus of Batu	Eastern Half (White Horde) Ulus of Orda
Jochi جوچى As deputy of Genghis Khan in Central and Western Asia c. 1207–1227 C.E.
Golden Horde (Ulus of Jochi, Khanate of Qipchāq or Kipchak) طلائی آردا خانان قپچاق قوم جوجی 1227–1459 C.E.
Batu Khan باتو خان As overall Khan 1227–1255 C.E.	Orda Khan آردا خان 1227–1251 C.E.
Sartaq Khan سارتاق خان As overall Khan 1255–1256 C.E.	Qun Quran قن قوران 1251–1280 C.E.
Ulaqchi Khan اولاقچی خان As overall Khan 1256–1257 C.E.
Berke Khan برکه خان As overall Khan 1257–1266 C.E.
Möngke Temür منگو تیمور As overall Khan 1266–1280 C.E.
Töde Möngke تودا منگو As overall Khan 1280–1287 C.E.	Köchü کوجو 1280–1302 C.E.
Töle Buqa تالابغا As overall Khan 1287–1291 C.E.
Toqta تختا خان As overall Khan 1291–1312 C.E.	Buyan or Bayan Khan بیان خان 1302–1309 C.E.
Muhammad Uzbeg Khan محمد ازبک خان As overall Khan 1313–1341 C.E.	Sasibuqa Khan ساسیبوقا خان c. 1310–1320 C.E. (dubious)
	Erzen ؟ 1320–1341 C.E. (dubious)
Tīnī Beg تینی بیگ As overall Khan 1341–1342 C.E.
Jānī Beg جانی بیگ As overall Khan 1342–1357 C.E.	Chimtay چمطائي 1344–1360 C.E. (dubious)
Berdi Beg بردی بیگ As overall Khan 1357–1359 C.E.
Qulpa Khan قلپا خان As overall Khan 1359–1360 C.E.
Nawrūz Beg نوروز بیگ As overall Khan 1360 C.E.
Khiḍr Khan خضر خان ابن ساسیبوقا خان 1360–1361 C.E.	Qara Nogai 1360–1361 C.E.
Tīmūr Khwāja تیمور خواجه ابن خضر خان 1361 C.E.
Ordu Malik (Ordu Shaykh) اردو ملک شیخ 1361 C.E.
Kildi Beg ؟ 1361–1362 C.E.
ʿAbdallāh Khan عبد اللہ خان ابن ازبک خان As a puppet Khan under Mamai 1362 C.E. 1st reign at Sarai
Murād مراد خان 1362 C.E.
Khayr Pūlād (Mīr Pūlād)  ? 1362–1364 C.E.	Tughluq Tīmūr 1363–c. 1365 C.E.
ʿAzīz Shaykh عزیز شیخ 1364–1367 C.E.	Mubārak Khwāja مبارک خواجہ c. 1365–1369 C.E.
ʿAbdallāh Khan عبد اللہ خان ابن ازبک خان As a puppet Khan under Mamai 1367–1368 C.E. 2nd reign at Sarai
Ūljāy Tīmūr تیمور 1368 C.E.
Haṣan Beg حسن بیگ 1368–1369 C.E.
ʿAbdallāh Khan عبد اللہ خان ابن ازبک خان As a puppet Khan under Mamai 1369 C.E. 3rd reign at Sarai	Qutluq Khwāja 1369–1370 C.E.
	Urus Khan عروس خان 1369–1370 C.E.
Tūlūn Beg Khānum ؟ As a puppet Queen under Mamai 1370–1371 C.E.
Muḥammad-Sulṭān محمد بولاق As a puppet Khan under Mamai 1371–1373 C.E. 1st reign at Sarai
Urus Khan عروس خان 1373 C.E.
Hājjī Cherkes حاجی چرکس 1373–1374 C.E.	Urus Khan عروس خان 1373–1374 C.E.
Īl Beg خان ایبک 1374 C.E.
Muḥammad-Sulṭān محمد بولاق As a puppet Khan under Mamai 1374 C.E. 2nd reign at Sarai
Urus Khan عروس خان 1374–1375 C.E.
Qāghān Beg غیاث الدین خاقان بیگ 1375–1377 C.E.	Urus Khan عروس خان 1375–1377 C.E.
ʿArab Shāh عرب شاہ مظفر 1377–1380 C.E.	Toqtaqiya توک تکیا 1377 C.E.
	Tīmūr Malik تیمور ملک 1377–1379 C.E.
	Tokhtamysh تختامش خان 1379–1380 C.E.
Tokhtamysh تختامش خان As Khan 1380–1395 C.E.
Quyurchuq  ? 1395–1397 C.E.
Tīmūr Qutluq تیمور قتلغ ابن تیمور ملک Khan in alliance with Edigu 1397–1399 C.E.
Shādī Beg شادی بیگ ابن تیمور ملک Khan in alliance with Edigu 1399–1407 C.E.
Pūlād Khan  ? Khan in alliance with Edigu 1407–1409 C.E. 1st reign at Sarai
Karīm Berdi کریم بردی ابن تختامش 1409 C.E. 1st reign at Sarai
Pūlād Khan  ? Khan in alliance with Edigu 1409–1410 C.E. 2nd reign at Sarai
Tīmūr Khan تیمور خان ابن تیمور قتلغ Khan in alliance with Edigu 1410–1411 C.E.
Jalāl ad-Din Zeleni Saltan جلال الدین خان ابن تختامش 1411–1412 C.E.
Karīm Berdi کریم بردی ابن تختامش 1412–1413 C.E. 2nd reign at Sarai
Kebek قبق خان ابن تختامش 1413–1414 C.E.
Karīm Berdi کریم بردی ابن تختامش 1414 C.E. 3rd reign at Sarai
Jabbār Berdi جبار بردی خان 1414–1415 C.E. 1st reign at Sarai
Chekre چکرہ خان ابن اکمل Khan in alliance with Edigu 1415–1416 C.E.
Jabbār Berdi جبار بردی خان 1416–1417 C.E. 2nd reign at Sarai
Darwīsh درویش خان a puppet Khan of Edigu 1417–1419 C.E.
Qādir Berdi قدیر بردی خان ابن تختامش 1419 C.E.
Ḥājjī Muḥammad حاجی محمد خان ابن اغلان علی a puppet Khan of Edigu's sons 1419 C.E.
*Ulugh Muḥammad الغ محمد 1419–1421 C.E. *Dawlat Berdi دولت بردی 1419–1421 C.E.
Barāq Khan (His son Jani Beg Khan along with Kerey Khan founded the Kazakh Khanate in 1456) برا‍ق خان بن کویرچک 1421–1427 C.E.
Ulugh Muḥammad (Founded the Kazan Khanate in 1438) الغ محمد 1427–1433 C.E.
Sayyid Aḥmad I سید احمد اول 1433–1435 C.E.
Küchük Muḥammad کوچک محمد 1435–1459 C.E.
Golden Horde broke up as follows: 1438, Kazan Khanate under Ulugh Muhammad; 1441, Crimean Khanate under Hacı I Giray; Qasim Khanate (1452). The remnant, which became known as the Great Horde, was left with the steppe between the Dnieper and Yaik, the capital Sarai and a claim to represent the tradition of the Golden Horde.
Great Horde عظیم اردو 1459–1502 C.E.
Maḥmūd (Founded the Khanate of Astrakhan in 1466) محمود بن کوچک 1459–1465 C.E.
Aḥmad احمد خان 1465–1481 C.E.
Shaykh Aḥmad سید احمد ثانی 1481–1502 C.E
The Great Horde collapsed gradually and territories became independent Khanates; 1466, Astrakhan Khanate under one of Kuchuk Muhammed's sons named Mahmud bin Küchük; Tyumen Khanate (1468, later Siberia Khanate).

Secondary list with short biographies

The following is a detailed annotated list intended mainly as an index to the linked articles. It is based primarily on Baumer 2016,^[3] Gaev 2002, Grigor'ev 1983, Howorth 1880,^[4] Počekaev 2010, and Sabitov 2008 and 2014. Name forms, encountered in much variation and inconsistency, are standardized on the basis of Biran 1997 and Bosworth 1996.

Western half of the Golden Horde (1226–1362)

• 1 Chinggis Khan 1206–1227, founded Mongol empire, got about as far as the Volga
• The generals Subutai and Jebe 1219–1223 led raid clockwise around the Caspian, defeated Rus at Battle of Kalka River
• 2 Jochi c. 1208–1227, 1st son of Genghis Khan (1), given west, predeceased father, ancestor of the khans of the Golden Horde.^[5]
• 3 Batu Khan 28Y, 1227–1255, son of Jochi (2), 1236–42 conquered Russia and Ukraine, c 1250 founded capital Sarai on lower Volga.^[6]
• 3a Orda Khan, elder brother of Batu (3), held east, see A below.
• 3b Shiban ?–?, younger brother of Batu (3), held area north of Aral/Caspian between Batu and Orda, descendants (Shaybanids) important.
• 3c Tuqa-Timur ?–?, younger brother of Batu (3), descendants (Tuqa-Timurids) important.
• 4 Sartaq Khan 1Y, 1256–1257, son of Batu (3), most of short reign spent travelling to great khan in Mongolia.^[7]
• 5 Ulaghchi, 1257, brother (less likely son) of Sartaq (4), 10 years old.^[8]
• 6 Berke 9Y, 1257–1266, younger brother of Batu (3), clashed with Hulagu Khan of Persia and allied with Mamluks, died while fighting Hulagu's son, first Muslim khan but did not enforce conversion to Islam.^[9]
• 7 Möngke Temür 14Y, 1266–1280, son of Toghan, son of Batu (3), non-Muslim, established trade with Genoese at Kaffa; effectively autonomous from the great khan Qubilai from 1269.^[10]
• 7a Nogai Khan c. 1266–1299, son of Bo'al, son of Tatar, 7th son of Jochi (2); under Batu guarded western frontier, invaded Poland, helped Berke (6) fight Hulagu, 1265 invaded Balkans, 1266 de facto ruler west of the Dnieper, c. 1280 killed Bulgarian emperor, 1285 he and Talabuga invaded Hungary, 1287 raided Poland, then Circassia, killed in battle by Toqta (10), son fled to Bulgaria, sometimes considered its emperor.^[11]
• 8 Töde Möngke 7Y, 1280–1287, brother of Mengu-Timur (7), pious Muslim, weak, removed by Nogai.^[12]
• 9 Töle Buqa 4Y, 1287–1291, son of Tartu, the brother of Mengu-Timur (7), enthroned by Nogai and fought alongside him, began to assert himself so removed, then killed by Nogai or Toqta (10).^[13]
• 10 Toqta 23Y, 1291–1312, the son of Mengu-Timur (7), installed by Nogai, 1300 killed Nogai, quarreled with Genoese at Kaffa.^[14]
• 11 Öz Beg 27Y, 1314–1341, son of Toghrilcha, the son of Mengu-Timur (7), first to actively support Islam, fought and made peace with Persia, appointed Ivan Kalita chief tax collector.^[15]
• 12 Tīnī Beg 1Y, 1341–1342, son of Öz Beg (11), killed by Jani Beg (13).^[16]
• 13 Jānī Beg 15Y, 1342–1357, brother of Tini Beg (12), lost land in the west, took Tabriz, his 1347 siege of Kaffa spread the black death to Europe.^[17]
• The Black Death would have impacted the steppe about this time, but there are few records.
• 14 Berdi Beg 2Y, 1357–1359, son and possibly murderer of Jānī Beg (13), eliminated his close kinsmen, murdered? End of the Line of Batu (3).^[18]
• 15 Qulpa 1Y, 1359–1360, possibly pretended son of Jānī Beg (13), murdered.^[19]
• 16 Nawrūz Beg (= ? Bazarchi) 1360 pretended son of Öz Beg (11) or Jānī Beg (13), killed.^[20]
• 17 Khiḍr Khan, 1360–1361, son of Mangqutay, the son of Tula-Buqa, the son of Qadaq, the son Shiban (3b), murdered.^[21]
• 18 Tīmūr Khwāja, 1361, son and murderer of Khiḍr Khan (17), killed.^[22]
• "Great Disorder" 1361–1380, period of chronic civil war among contending factions. According to Baumer between Berdi Beg and Tokhtamiysh there were 19 khans, at least 8 puppets of Mamai. In reality, only 4 rulers were Mamai's protégés.
• Warlord Mamai 1361–1380/1381 started in Crimea, supported various khans, occasionally asserting control over capital Sarai, lost territory to Lithuania, Moscow stopped paying tribute, 1380 defeated by Russians at the Battle of Kulikovo, same year defeated by Tokhtamysh, fled to the Crimea and was eventually eliminated by Tokhtamysh's agents.^[23]
• 19 Ordu Malik, 1361, probably son of Īl-Tūtār, the son of Dānishmand, the son of Bayan, the son of Tuqa-Timur (3c); murdered.^[24]
• 20 Kildi Beg, 1361–1362, pretended son of Jānī Beg (13); killed.^[25]

"Sarai Horde" (Right bank of the Volga) (1362–1399)

(Chronology according to Grigor'ev 1983)

• 21G ʿAbdallāh = 21M, 1362, probably the son of Minkasar, the son of Abay, the son of Kay-Timur, the son of Tuqa-Timur (3c); protégé of Mamai, expelled.^[26]
• 22G Murād, 1362, brother of Khiḍr Khan (17), expelled (rival khan at Gülistan 1361–1364).^[27]
• 23G Khayr Pūlād or Mīr Pūlād, 1362–1364, son of Ming-Timur, the son of Badaqul, the son of Jochi-Buqa, the son of Bahadur, the son of Shiban (3b); expelled? (rival khan at Gülistan as Pūlād Khwāja 1364–1367?).^[28]
• 24G ʿAzīz Shaykh, 1364–1367, probably son of Tun Khwāja, the son of Baliq, the son of Buralday, the son of Qutluq-Timur, the son of Salghan, the son of Shiban (3b); murdered.^[29]
• 25G ʿAbdallāh = 21M, 1367–1368, restored as protégé of Mamai, expelled
• 26G Ūljāy Tīmūr or Pūlād Tīmūr, 1368, probably = Tīmūr Beg, son of Qutluq Tīmūr, the son of Numqan, the son of Abay, the son of Kay-Timur, the son of Tuqa-Timur (3c); protégé of Ḥājjī Cherkes of Astrakhan, expelled.^[30]
• 27G Ḥasan Beg, 1368–1369, son of Beg-Qundi, the brother of Khayr Pūlād (23G), expelled, killed?.^[31]
• 28G ʿAbdallāh = 21M, 1369–1370, restored protégé of Mamai
• 29G Tūlūn Beg Khānum, 1370–1371, probably daughter of Berdi Beg (14) and wife of Mamai, his protégé at Sarai.^[32]
• 30G Muḥammad-Sulṭān = 22M, 1371–1373, probably son of ʿAbdallāh (21/25/28G), protégé of Mamai, expelled.^[33]
• 31G Urus Khan, 1373, = I below, son of Bādāq, the son of Tīmūr Khwāja, the son of Tāqtāq, the 2nd son of Achiq, the son of Urungbāsh (Urung-Timur), the 3rd son of Tuqa-Timur (3c); not a descendant of Orda (3a), as claimed in older scholarship and its derivatives; expelled.^[34]
• 32G Cherkes Beg, 1373–1374, pretended son of Jānī Beg (13), protégé of or identical with Ḥājjī Cherkes of Astrakhan, expelled.^[35]
• 33G Īl Beg, 1374, brother of Khayr Pūlād (23G).^[36]
• 34G Muḥammad-Sulṭān = 22M, 1374, restored as protégé of Mamai, expelled.^[37]
• 35G Urus Khan, 1374–1375 = I below, restored, expelled, died 1377.^[38]
• 36G Qāghān Beg, 1375–1377, son of Īl Beg (33G), abdicated.^[39]
• 37G ʿArab Shāh, 1377–1380, son of Khayr Pūlād (23G), abdicated.^[40]
• Tokhtamysh, 1380–1399, = L below, son of Tuy Khwāja, the son of Qutluq Khwāja, the son of Kuyuchak, the son of Saricha, the son of Ūrungbāsh (Urung-Timur), the 3rd son of Tuqa-Timur (3c); came from east and united two halves of the Horde, originally a protégé of Timur (Tamerlane), later fell out with him and was driven out by Edigu (who now had Timur's support).^[41]

(Alternative chronology according to Sidorenko 2000)

• 21S Khayr Pūlād or Mīr Pūlād, 1362–1364, descendant of Shiban (3b) as above; expelled? (possibly rival khan at Gülistan as Pūlād Khwāja 1364?).
• 22S ʿAbdallāh, 1362–1365, probably descendant of Tuqa-Timur (3c), as above; protégé of Mamai, expelled.
• 23S ʿAzīz Shaykh, 1365–1367, probably descendant of Shiban (3b), as above; murdered (earlier rival khan at Gülistan 1364–1365).
• 24S Ūljāy Tīmūr or Pūlād Tīmūr, 1367, probably descendant of Tuqa-Timur (3c), as above.
• Following this, Sidorenko 2000 does not provide a continuous sequence of khans, since he limits his analysis to explicitly labeled coinage; he dates Tulun Beg Khanum to 1371/1372, Īl Beg to 1373/1374 (at Saray-Jük), Cherkes Beg to 1374/1375 (at Astrakhan), and then Qāghān Beg 1375–1377 and ʿArab Shāh 1377–1380, as above.

"Mamai's Horde" (Left bank of the Volga) (1362–1380)

• 21M ʿAbdallāh = 21/25/28G, 1362–1370, probably descendant of Tuqa-Timur (3c), as above; protégé of Mamai.^[42]
• 22M Muḥammad-Sulṭān = 30/34G; 1370–1379, probably son of ʿAbdallāh (21M); protégé of Mamai, murdered by him?^[43]
• 23M Tūlāk, 1379–1380, probably son of Tughluq Khwāja, the brother of ʿAbdallāh (21M); protégé of Mamai, killed at the Battle of Kulikovo?^[44]
• In older scholarship and its derivatives Muḥammad-Sulṭān and Tūlāk were erroneously treated as single individual, supposedly named Muḥammad-Būlāq; the distinction between them is established by Sidorenko 2000: 278–280, Gaev 2002: 23–25, and others.

Eastern half of the Golden Horde (1227–1380)

Between 1242 and 1380 the eastern and western halves of the horde were generally separate, the dividing line being somewhere north of the Caspian, perhaps the Ural. The relation between the two is not always clear, but the rulers of the Eastern half generally recognized the superior authority of those of the Western half. In the late 14th century, the Eastern half's rulers I. and L. attempted, at times successfully, to take over the Western half. The western khans had a capital at Sarai on the lower Volga while the eastern khans had capitals or winter camps on the Syr Darya, especially Sighnaq. Most rulers of the Eastern half are poorly documented, and historiography still largely relies on the treatment by Hammer-Purgstall 1840, who had access to what are now considered unreliable sources, like versions of the account of Muʿīn-ad-Dīn Naṭanzī (earlier known as the "Anonymous of Iskandar"). What became the traditional account, therefore, relies on Naṭanzī and his derivatives to construct (through additional rationalization) a continuous succession of khans from Orda (3a/A) to Urus Khan (I) and Tokhtamysh (L). While it is clear that the traditional chronology and genealogy are very flawed, they have enjoyed a lasting and pervasive influence in historiography, appearing even in recent publications, such as Bosworth 1996 and Baumer 2016. For discussion, see Vásáry 2009.

(Chronology and genealogy according to Hammer-Purgstall 1840)

• A Orda Khan 28Y, c1227–1251, held East under his younger brother Batu (3), who ruled West, also general in western campaigns
• B Qun Quran 29Y, 1251–c. 1280, fourth son of Orda (A), little information (Baumer has Qongqiran >1255–<77)
• C Köchü 22Y, c1280–1302 grandson of Orda (A), peaceful reign (Baumer: Qonichi c1277–<1299)
• D Bayan 7Y, 1302–09, son of Köchü (C), fought his cousin Kobluk/Kupalak who allied with Kaidu to the east (Baumer has <1299–<1312)
• E Sasibuqa 6Y, 1309–15, son of Bayan (D), resisted Uzbeg Khan (11 above). (Baumer has Sasi Buqa <1312–1320/21)
• F Ebisan 5Y, 1310/15–1320, son of Sasibuqa (E), probably gained land in southeast (Otrar) recognized overlordship of Uzbek (Baumer has Izran 1320/21–?)
• G Mubārak Khwāja 24Y, 1320–44, brother of Ilbasan (F), little information (Baumer has ?–1344)
• H Chimtay 16Y, 1344–1360, son of Ilbasan (F), little information (Baumer: 1344?–61)
• The Black Death would have hit the steppe about this time, but there are few records.
• I Urus Khan 15Y, 1361–1376, son of Chimtay (H); (supposedly) uncle of Tokhtamysh (L); fought Tokhtamysh and Tamerlane, 1373 and 1374–1375 briefly held Western wing of the Golden Horde (Baumer:1361–74/75)
• J Toqtaqiya 0Y, 1377, son of Urus (I), two-month reign, Baumer has him defeated by Tokhtamysh
• K Tīmūr Malik 1Y, 1377–78, son of Urus (I), killed by Tokhtamysh (L).
• L Tokhtamysh 21Y, 1378–1395, son of Tuy Khwāja, (supposedly) the brother of Urus (I); a great man but more warlord than ruler, rebelled against his uncle Urus (I), fled to Tamerlane who in 1378 made him khan of the Horde, 1380 crossed Volga and defeated Mamai joining the two halves of the Golden Horde, burned Moscow to avenge Mamai's defeat at Kulikovo, broke with Tamerlane, captured Tabriz and withdrew, Tamerlane defeated him on the Volga in 1391 and on the Terek in 1395 and razed his cities north of the Caspian, fled to Lithuania, defeated by Tamerlane's general Edigu, fled to Siberia and was killed by Edigu's men.

(Revised chronology and genealogy according to Vásáry 2009)

Driven by a better understanding of the coinage of Mubārak Khwāja (issued in 1366–1368, not, as previously assumed, 40 or 30 years earlier), of Naṭanzī's limitations as a source on the subject, and of more reliable sources on the chronology and genealogy of Mongol rulers, Vásáry 2009 proposed the following reconstruction, some of it already anticipated by, e.g., Gaev 2002.

• V1 Orda, 1st son of Jochi (2)
• V2 Qongkiran, 4th son of Orda (V1)
• V3 Qonichi, 1st son of Sartaqtay, the 1st son of Orda (V1)
• V4 Bayan, 1st son of Qonichi (V3)
• V5 Sasi-Buqa, c. 1310–1320/1321, 2nd son of Bayan (V4)
• V6 Erzen, 1320/1321–1344/1345, son of Sasi-Buqa (V5)
• V7 Chimtay, 1344/1345–1360/1361, son of Erzen (V6)
• V8 Qara Nogai, 1360/1361–1363, 2nd son of Sasi, the 1st son of Toqanchar, the 1st son of Bay-Timur, the 1st son of Tuqa-Timur (3c), the 13th son of Jochi (2)
• V9 Tughluq Timur, 1363–?, brother, as the 1st son of Sasi
• V10 Mubārak Khwāja, ?–1369, cousin, as the 1st son of Boz Qulaq, the 2nd son of Toqanchar
• V11 Qutluq Khwāja, 1369, cousin, as the 3rd son of Sasi
• V12 Urus Khan, 1369–1377, son of Badiq, descendant of Tuqa-Timur (3c)

(Revised chronology and genealogy according to Sabitov 2014)

Sabitov 2014 likewise established a substantial revision to the list of rulers of the Eastern half of the Golden Horde, based on the Muʿizz al-ansāb, the Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah, and the Čingīz-Nāmah. Unlike Vásáry, Sabitov did not attempt to continue a succession of khans descended from Orda beyond what was verifiable from reliable sources, and he showed that Orda's lineage lost its authority by 1330, when Öz Beg Khan of the Western half appointed his own non-Jochid governor over the Eastern half, a member of the Kiyat clan, and the Eastern half had khans of its own again only after 1360. The list after 1330 follows Gaev 2002: 10–15 and Sabitov 2008: 286.

• S1 Orda 1227–1252/1253, 1st son of Jochi (2).
• S2 Qongkiran, 1252/3–?, 4th son of Orda (S1).
• S3 Qutuqu, ruling in 1262/1263, 6th son of Orda (S1).
• S4 Tīmūr-Buqa, son of Qutuqu (S3)
• S5 Qonichi, by the 1280s–1301/1302, 1st son of Sartaqtay, the 1st son of Orda (S1).
• S6 Kubluk, 1301/1302, 1st son of Tīmūr-Buqa (S4), killed.
• S7 Bayan, 1301/1302–1308/1309, 1st son of Qonichi (S5).
• S8 Mangitay, 1308/1309–1320/1321, 4th son of Qonichi (S5).
• S8a Kushtay, 1308/1309, son of Kubluk, rival khan
• S9 Kalak, 1320/1321–1328/1330, son of Mangitay (S8)
• S10 Kiyat governor Isatay, by 1330, appointed by Öz Beg Khan (11).
• S11 Kiyat governor Jir-Qutlu, son of Isatay (S10), murdered by the future Urus Khan (S17).
• S12 Kiyat governor Tingiz-Buqa, 1357–1360, son of Jir-Qutlu (S11), murdered by Qara Nogai (S13).
• S13 Qara Nogai, 1360–1363, 2nd son of Sasi, the 1st son of Toqanchar, the 1st son of Bay-Timur, the 1st son of Tuqa-Timur (3c), the 13th son of Jochi (2); reasserted the autonomy of the Eastern half under khans of its own.^[45]
• S14 Tughluq Tīmūr, 1363–?, nephew, as the son of Bujqaq, the 4th son of Sasi.^[46]
• S15 Mubārak Khwāja, ?–1369, cousin, as the 1st son of Boz Qulaq, the 2nd son of Toqanchar.^[47]
• S16 Qutluq Khwāja, 1369, cousin, as the 3rd son of Sasi.^[48]
• S17 Urus Khan, 1369–1377, son of Bādāq, the son of Tīmūr Khwāja, the son of Tāqtāq, the 2nd son of Achiq, the son of Urungbāsh (Urung-Timur), the 3rd son of Tuqa-Timur (3c).^[49]
• S18 Toqtaqiya, 1377, 2nd son of Urus, for 2 months.^[50]
• S19 Tīmūr Malik, 1377–1379, 3rd son of Urus.^[51]
• S20 Tokhtamysh, 1379–1395, son of Tuy Khwāja, the son of Qutluq Khwāja, the son of Kuyuchak, the son of Saricha, the son of Urungbāsh (Urung-Timur), the 3rd son of Tuqa-Timur (3c). His conquest of Sarai in 1380 and elimination of Mamai in 1380/1381 led to a temporary reunification and relative stabilization of the Golden Horde.^[52]

After Tokhtamysh (1380–1502)

Following Tokhtamysh there was no longer a clear distinction between east and west. For the first twenty years power was held by descendants of Urus Khan and Tohktamysh and by the warlord Edigu. There was then a confused period, followed by several long reigns. The last khan was deposed in 1502. The Golden horde broke up as follows: before 1400: Lithuania expanded as far east as Kiev, ?: Kursk as Lithuanian vassal, c 1430: land east of the Ural held by Abul Khayr, 1438: Kazan (by T11), 1449: Crimea (family of 3c), 1452: Kasimov as Russian vassal (family of 3c), 1465: Kazakh khanate (sons of T12), 1466: Astrakhan (T15), 1480: Russia, before 1490?: Sibir. The steppe nomads then became organized as the Nogai Horde.

• T1 Tokhtamysh, 1380–1397 = L/S20 above, son of Tuy Khwāja, the son of Qutluq Khwāja, the son of Kuyuchak, the son of Saricha, the son of Ūrungbāsh (Urung-Timur), the 3rd son of Tuqa-Timur (3c).^[53]
• Warlord Edigu c. 1396–1410 ruled Volga-Ural area, 1399 defeated T1, 1406 his men killed T1, 1407 raided Volga Bulgaria, 1408 raided Russia, 1410 dethroned, fled east, returned to Serai, 1419 mortally wounded against Qādir Berdi (T17). According to Baumer in 1410 he was driven out by one of his sons after which 9 khans followed in 9 years.^[54]
• T1a Quyurchuq, 1395–1397, son of Urus Khan (I/S17).^[55]
• T1b Tāsh-Tīmūr, 1395–1396, son of Jansa, the son of Tūlāk-Tīmūr, the son of Kuyunchak, the son of Saricha, the son of Urung-Timur, the son of Tuqa-Timur (3c); rival khan in the Crimea.^[56]
• T2 Tīmūr Qutluq, 1397–1399, son of Tīmūr Beg, the son of Qutluq-Tīmūr, the son of Numqan, the son of Abay, the son of Kay-Timur, the son of Tuqa-Timur (3c); cousin, not son of Timur Malik (K/S19); real power was exercised by Edigu, who enthroned Tīmūr Qutluq after Tokhtamysh's defeat.^[57]
• T2a Tokhtamysh, 1397, briefly restored, then expelled; rival khan in Sibir until death in 1406.
• T3 Shādī Beg, 1399–1407, son of Qutlu-Beg, son of Qutluq-Tīmūr, the son of Numqan, the son of Abay, the son of Kay-Timur, the son of Tuqa-Timur (3c); cousin, not brother of Tīmūr Qutluq (T2); protégé of Edigu, fled to Shirvan.^[58]
• T4 Pūlād, 1407–1410, son of Tīmūr Qutluq (T2); cousin, not son of Shādī Beg; protégé of Edigu, expelled.^[59]
• T5 Karīm Berdi, 1409, son of Tokhtamysh (T1), seized Sarai, expelled.^[60]
• T6 Pūlād, 1407–1410: 2nd reign; recalled Edigu from siege of Moscow.^[61]
• T7 Tīmūr, 1410–1412, son of Tīmūr Qutluq (T2); overthrew Edigu, expelled and killed.^[62]
• T8 Jalāl ad-Dīn, 1411–1412, eldest son of Tokhtamysh (T1), expelled and killed Tīmūr (T7), Lithuanian protégé, murdered by a brother.^[63]
• T9 Karīm Berdi, 1412–1413: 2nd reign; anti-Lithuanian, killed pro-Lithuanian rival khan "Betsabul" = ? Kebek (T10); deposed.^[64]
• T10 Kebek (= ? "Betsabul"), 1414, son of Tokhtamysh (T1), Lithuanian protégé, killed.^[65]
• T11 Karīm Berdi, 1414: 3rd reign; deposed, killed by brother Jabbār Berdi (T12/14) in 1417?^[66]
• T12 Jabbār Berdi, 1414–1415, son of Tokhtamysh (T1), Lithuanian protégé, deposed.^[67]
• T13 Chekre, 1415–1416, son of Aqmil, the son of Minkasar, the son of Abay, the son of Kay-Timur, the son of Tuqa-Timur (3c); he and servant Johann Schiltberger went to Siberia with Edigu (earliest European report of Siberia); protégé of Edigu from 1414 as competitor to Kebek (T10), reigned 9 months, interrupting reign of Jabbār Berdi (T12/14), expelled or killed.^[68]
• T14 Jabbār Berdi, 1416–1417: 2nd reign; deposed and killed.^[69]
• T15 Sayyid Aḥmad (I), 1417, protégé of Edigu, inexperienced, deposed after 45 days?^[70] Either son of Karīm Berdi (T5/9/11) and thus grandson, not son of Tokhtamysh (T1),^[71] or cousin of Chekre (T13), as son of Mamkī, the son of Minkasar.^[72]
• T15a Ghiyāth ad-Dīn I, 1416, son of Tāsh Tīmūr (T1b); Lithuanian protégé, killed against Sayyid Aḥmad (T15).^[73]
• T16 Darwīsh, 1417–1419, son of Alti Qurtuqa, the son of Mamkī, the son of Minkasar; protégé of Edigu, killed?^[74]
• T17 Qādir Berdi, 1419, son of Tokhtamysh (T1), killed against Edigu, who also perished.^[75]
• T17a Beg Ṣūfī, 1419–1421, enthroned by Edigu as competitor to Qādir Berdi (T17), later Lithuanian protégéin the Crimea. Either son of Tāsh Tīmūr (T1b),^[76] or son of Beg Tūt, the son of Dānishmand, the son of Bayan, the son of Tuqa Timur (3c).^[77]
• T18 Ḥājjī Muḥammad, 1419–1423, son of ʿAlī, the brother of Ḥasan Beg (27G), a descendant of Shiban (3b); protégé of Edigu's son Manṣūr, killed by Barāq (T19). Note: there is much confusion between at least three khans competing for power in this period, all named Muḥammad and not always sufficiently distinguished from each other in the sources: Ḥājjī Muḥammad (T18), (Muḥammad) Barāq (T19), and Ulugh Muḥammad (T21/23).^[78]
• T19 Barāq, 1423–1425, son of Quyurchuq (T1a); Timurid protégé in the east since 1419, expelled by Ghiyāth ad-Dīn II (T20) 1425, defeated by Ulugh Muḥammad (T21) 1426 and expelled from Sarai, but retained control in the east (where he defeated the Timurid Ulugh Beg but was contained by Shah Rukh) until killed against (apparently) Küchük Muḥammad (T24) in 1428. Father of Jānī-Beg Abū-Saʿīd, the ancestor of Kazakh khans.^[79]
• T19a Khudāydād, rival khan 1422–1424, son of ʿAli, the brother of Tāsh Tīmūr (T1b); anti-Lithuanian; 1422 defeated by Barāq (T19), 1424 failed to take Odoyev, last mentioned 1425.^[80]
• T20 Ghiyāth ad-Dīn II, 1425–1426, son of Shādī Beg (T3); rival khan at Azov 1421, later protégé of Edigu's son Manṣūr from 1423, expelled by Ulugh Muḥammad (T21) in 1426, ensconced at Kazan, briefly ruler at Sarai in 1437.^[81]
• T21 Ulugh Muḥammad, 1426–1428, son of Ḥasan, the brother of Tāsh Tīmūr (T1b); possibly set up by oppenents of Edigu's sons as early as 1419/1420; Lithuanian protégé in the Crimea 1424; expelled by Dawlat Berdi (T22) or Barāq (T19) in 1428 or 1427.^[82]
• T22 Dawlat Berdi, 1428, son of Tāsh Tīmūr (T1b); Lithuanian protégé in the Crimea 1421–1424 and 1426–1428; expelled by Ulugh Muḥammad (T21/23) 1424, restored 1426, seized Sarai 1427 or 1428, died or killed later the same year.^[83]
• T23 Ulugh Muḥammad, 1428–1436: 2nd reign; recovered Sarai 1427 or 1428; defeated Sayyid Aḥmad I (II) in 1432, divided Golden Horde with Küchük Muḥammad (T24) in 1433 (keeping west), expelled by Sayyid Aḥmad I (II) (T24) in 1436, defeated Vasilij II Vasil'evič of Moscow in 1437, founded Khanate of Kazan 1438, besieged Moscow 1439, died 1445, allegedly killed by son Maḥmūd; another son, Qāsim, founded the Khanate of Kasimov.^[84]
• T23a Jūmādaq, 1426–1428, son of Ṣūfī, the son of Bābā, the son of Suyūnch Bāy, the son of Suyūnch Tīmūr, the brother of Īl Beg (33G); khan in Sibir and the east.^[85]
• T23b Maḥmūd Khwāja, 1428–1430, son of Qāghān Beg (36G); khan in Sibir and the east.^[86]
• T23c Khiḍr, 1428–1429, son of Ibrāhīm, the brother of ʿArab Shāh (37G); khan in Sibir and the east.^[87]
• T23d Abu'l-Khayr Khan, 1429–1431, son of Dawlat Shaykh, the brother of Khiḍr (T23c); khan in Sibir and the east, later founder of the Uzbek Khanate, died 1469.^[88]
• T23e Maḥmūdāq, 1431–1464, son of Ḥājjī Muḥammad (T18); khan in Sibir and the east, his line continued as rulers of the Khanate of Sibir.^[89]
• T24 Küchük Muḥammad, 1433–1459, son of Tīmūr (T7); claimant in east as protégé of Edigu's son Ghāzī since c. 1427, killed and replaced Barāq (T19) in 1428, divided Golden Horde with Ulugh Muḥammad (T21/23) in 1433 (getting Volga and the east) with Astrakhan, defeated Ulugh Muḥammad in 1437, took over Azov (as witnessed by Giosafat Barbaro and the Crimea 1438, ruled also between the Don and Kazakhstan steppe.^[90]
• T25 Sayyid Aḥmad I (II), 1436–1452, son of Beg Ṣūfī (T17a); 1432 declared khan in the Crimea but defeated and captured by Ulugh Muḥammad (T21/23), sent as hostage to Lithuania, protégé of the Lithuanian faction of Švitrigaila 1433, expelled Ulugh Muḥammad 1436, ruled between the Dnieper and the Don, raided Russia, lost Crimea 1441, in 1452 attacked by Khan Ḥājjī Girāy I of Crimea (T25a), fled to Kiev, captured by Lithuanians and 'died miserably' at Kovno (in 1455/65?).^[91]
• T25a Ḥājjī Girāy I, 1441–1466, son of Ghiyāth ad-Dīn I (T15a); rival khan intermittently since 1428, founded Crimean Khanate.^[92]
• T26 Maḥmūd, 1459–1471, son of Küchük Muḥammad (T24); at Astrakhan: often considered founder of the Khanate of Astrakhan (inherited by his son Qāsim), defeated by Ḥājjī Girāy I of Crimea (T25a) in 1465.^[93]
• T27 Aḥmad, 1465–1481 son of Küchük Muḥammad (T24); at Sarai; warred with the Uzbeks and lost Russia in 1480, killed by Khan Ibāq of Sibir and the Nogais.^[94]
• T28 Shaykh Aḥmad, 1481–1493 and 1494–1502, son of Aḥmad (T27); in association and/or competition with his brothers and cousins, briefly deposed in favor of Murtaḍā (T30), then restored, defeated and expelled by Manglī Girāy I of Crimea 1502, fled to Astrakhan, then Lithuania, where he was held captive, released 1527, briefly khan at Astrakhan, died 1528.^[95]
• T29 Sayyid Aḥmad II (III), 1485–1502, son of Aḥmad (T27); rival of Shaykh Aḥmad (T28), overran the Crimea as associate of Murtaḍā (T30) 1486, became associate of Shaykh Aḥmad by 1490, until they quarreled in 1501, last mentioned 1504.^[96]
• T30 Murtaḍā, 1486–1494, son of Aḥmad (T27); rival of Shaykh Aḥmad (T28) as associate of Sayyid Aḥmad II (III) (T29), then on his own, briefly displaced Shaykh Aḥmad in 1493–1494, deposed; also in Astrakhan, died 1499 or after 1514.^[97]
• Sack of Sarai by Khan Manglī Girāy I of Crimea in 1502: end of the "Great Horde"; overall, the Golden Horde had already disintegrated in the 1420s–1460s.

Genealogy of Ulus of Jochi

House of Borjigin

Mongol Empire   Golden Horde (Before Islamization)   Golden Horde/Great Horde (After Islamization)   White Horde   Blue Horde   Uzbek Khanate   Kazan Khanate   Crimean Khanate   Qasim Khanate   Astrakhan Khanate   Tyumen Khanate   Sibir Khanate   Kazakh Khanate   Bukhara Khanate   Khiva Khanate   Caucasian Tyumen Khanate   Second Bulgarian Empire   Tsardom of Russia April 11, 2024 Latest articles January 01, 1970 Manuel Fischer January 01, 1970 Manuel Flores (American politician) January 01, 1970 Manuel García Prieto, Marquis of Alhucemas January 01, 1970 Manuel Gavilán January 01, 1970 Manuel Jimeno Casarin January 01, 1970 Manuel Lora-Tamayo January 01, 1970 Manuel Pessanha January 01, 1970 Manuel Pérez de Araciel y Rada January 01, 1970 Manuel Quezada January 01, 1970 Manuel Rueda Most Read January 01, 1970 Musgrave Brisco January 01, 1970 Muse (Band) January 01, 1970 Musenge-Munene January 01, 1970 Museo Civico di Sansepolcro January 01, 1970 Museo Archivo de la Fotografía list, khans, golden, horde, this, complete, list, khans, ulus, jochi, better, known, later, russian, designation, golden, horde, right, west, wing, left, east, wing, divisions, known, problematically, blue, horde, white, horde, main, successor, state, during, . This is a complete list of khans of the Ulus of Jochi better known by its later Russian designation as the Golden Horde in its right west wing and left east wing divisions known problematically as the Blue Horde and White Horde 1 and of its main successor state during a period of disintegration known as the Great Horde Khans of the Blue Horde are listed as the principal rulers of the Golden Horde although many late rulers of the Golden Horde originated from the subordinate White Horde Following the general convention the list encompasses the period from the death of Genghis Khan in 1227 to the sack of Sarai by the Crimean Khanate in 1502 2 The chronological and genealogical information is often incomplete and contradictory annotation can be found in the secondary lists in the second part of the article and in the individual articles on specific monarchs Western Half Blue Horde Ulus of Batu Eastern Half White Horde Ulus of OrdaJochi جوچىAs deputy of Genghis Khan in Central and Western Asiac 1207 1227 C E Golden Horde Ulus of Jochi Khanate of Qipchaq or Kipchak طلائی آرداخانان قپچاققوم جوجی 1227 1459 C E Batu Khanباتو خانAs overall Khan1227 1255 C E Orda Khanآردا خان1227 1251 C E Sartaq Khanسارتاق خانAs overall Khan1255 1256 C E Qun Quranقن قوران1251 1280 C E Ulaqchi Khan اولاقچی خانAs overall Khan1256 1257 C E Berke Khan برکه خانAs overall Khan1257 1266 C E Mongke Temur منگو تیمورAs overall Khan1266 1280 C E Tode Mongke تودا منگوAs overall Khan1280 1287 C E Kochuکوجو1280 1302 C E Tole Buqa تالابغاAs overall Khan1287 1291 C E Toqta تختا خانAs overall Khan1291 1312 C E Buyan or Bayan Khanبیان خان1302 1309 C E Muhammad Uzbeg Khan محمد ازبک خانAs overall Khan1313 1341 C E Sasibuqa Khanساسیبوقا خانc 1310 1320 C E dubious Erzen 1320 1341 C E dubious Tini Beg تینی بیگAs overall Khan1341 1342 C E Jani Beg جانی بیگAs overall Khan1342 1357 C E Chimtay چمطائي1344 1360 C E dubious Berdi Beg بردی بیگAs overall Khan1357 1359 C E Qulpa Khan قلپا خانAs overall Khan1359 1360 C E Nawruz Beg نوروز بیگAs overall Khan1360 C E Khiḍr Khan خضر خان ابن ساسیبوقا خان1360 1361 C E Qara Nogai1360 1361 C E Timur Khwaja تیمور خواجه ابن خضر خان1361 C E Ordu Malik Ordu Shaykh اردو ملک شیخ1361 C E Kildi Beg 1361 1362 C E ʿAbdallah Khan عبد اللہ خان ابن ازبک خانAs a puppet Khan under Mamai1362 C E 1st reign at SaraiMurad مراد خان1362 C E Khayr Pulad Mir Pulad 1362 1364 C E Tughluq Timur 1363 c 1365 C E ʿAziz Shaykh عزیز شیخ1364 1367 C E Mubarak Khwaja مبارک خواجہc 1365 1369 C E ʿAbdallah Khan عبد اللہ خان ابن ازبک خانAs a puppet Khan under Mamai1367 1368 C E 2nd reign at Saraiuljay Timur تیمور1368 C E Haṣan Beg حسن بیگ1368 1369 C E ʿAbdallah Khan عبد اللہ خان ابن ازبک خانAs a puppet Khan under Mamai1369 C E 3rd reign at Sarai Qutluq Khwaja1369 1370 C E Urus Khan عروس خان1369 1370 C E Tulun Beg Khanum As a puppet Queen under Mamai1370 1371 C E Muḥammad Sulṭan محمد بولاقAs a puppet Khan under Mamai1371 1373 C E 1st reign at SaraiUrus Khan عروس خان1373 C E Hajji Cherkes حاجی چرکس1373 1374 C E Urus Khan عروس خان1373 1374 C E il Beg خان ایبک1374 C E Muḥammad Sulṭan محمد بولاقAs a puppet Khan under Mamai1374 C E 2nd reign at SaraiUrus Khan عروس خان1374 1375 C E Qaghan Beg غیاث الدین خاقان بیگ1375 1377 C E Urus Khan عروس خان1375 1377 C E ʿArab Shah عرب شاہ مظفر1377 1380 C E Toqtaqiya توک تکیا1377 C E Timur Malik تیمور ملک1377 1379 C E Tokhtamysh تختامش خان1379 1380 C E Tokhtamysh تختامش خانAs Khan1380 1395 C E Quyurchuq 1395 1397 C E Timur Qutluq تیمور قتلغ ابن تیمور ملکKhan in alliance with Edigu1397 1399 C E Shadi Beg شادی بیگ ابن تیمور ملکKhan in alliance with Edigu1399 1407 C E Pulad Khan Khan in alliance with Edigu1407 1409 C E 1st reign at SaraiKarim Berdi کریم بردی ابن تختامش1409 C E 1st reign at SaraiPulad Khan Khan in alliance with Edigu1409 1410 C E 2nd reign at SaraiTimur Khan تیمور خان ابن تیمور قتلغKhan in alliance with Edigu1410 1411 C E Jalal ad Din Zeleni Saltanجلال الدین خان ابن تختامش1411 1412 C E Karim Berdi کریم بردی ابن تختامش1412 1413 C E 2nd reign at SaraiKebek قبق خان ابن تختامش1413 1414 C E Karim Berdi کریم بردی ابن تختامش1414 C E 3rd reign at SaraiJabbar Berdi جبار بردی خان1414 1415 C E 1st reign at SaraiChekre چکرہ خان ابن اکملKhan in alliance with Edigu1415 1416 C E Jabbar Berdi جبار بردی خان1416 1417 C E 2nd reign at SaraiDarwish درویش خانa puppet Khan of Edigu1417 1419 C E Qadir Berdi قدیر بردی خان ابن تختامش1419 C E Ḥajji Muḥammad حاجی محمد خان ابن اغلان علیa puppet Khan of Edigu s sons1419 C E Ulugh Muḥammad الغ محمد1419 1421 C E Dawlat Berdi دولت بردی1419 1421 C E Baraq Khan His son Jani Beg Khan along with Kerey Khan founded the Kazakh Khanate in 1456 برا ق خان بن کویرچک1421 1427 C E Ulugh Muḥammad Founded the Kazan Khanate in 1438 الغ محمد1427 1433 C E Sayyid Aḥmad I سید احمد اول1433 1435 C E Kuchuk Muḥammad کوچک محمد1435 1459 C E Golden Horde broke up as follows 1438 Kazan Khanate under Ulugh Muhammad 1441 Crimean Khanate under Haci I Giray Qasim Khanate 1452 The remnant which became known as the Great Horde was left with the steppe between the Dnieper and Yaik the capital Sarai and a claim to represent the tradition of the Golden Horde Great Hordeعظیم اردو 1459 1502 C E Maḥmud Founded the Khanate of Astrakhan in 1466 محمود بن کوچک1459 1465 C E Aḥmad احمد خان1465 1481 C E Shaykh Aḥmadسید احمد ثانی1481 1502 C EThe Great Horde collapsed gradually and territories became independent Khanates 1466 Astrakhan Khanate under one of Kuchuk Muhammed s sons named Mahmud bin Kuchuk Tyumen Khanate 1468 later Siberia Khanate Contents 1 Secondary list with short biographies 1 1 Western half of the Golden Horde 1226 1362 1 1 1 Sarai Horde Right bank of the Volga 1362 1399 1 1 2 Mamai s Horde Left bank of the Volga 1362 1380 1 2 Eastern half of the Golden Horde 1227 1380 1 3 After Tokhtamysh 1380 1502 2 Genealogy of Ulus of Jochi 3 References 3 1 Citations 3 2 SourcesSecondary list with short biographies editThis section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia s quality standards You can help The talk page may contain suggestions March 2018 The following is a detailed annotated list intended mainly as an index to the linked articles It is based primarily on Baumer 2016 3 Gaev 2002 Grigor ev 1983 Howorth 1880 4 Pocekaev 2010 and Sabitov 2008 and 2014 Name forms encountered in much variation and inconsistency are standardized on the basis of Biran 1997 and Bosworth 1996 Western half of the Golden Horde 1226 1362 edit 1 Chinggis Khan 1206 1227 founded Mongol empire got about as far as the Volga The generals Subutai and Jebe 1219 1223 led raid clockwise around the Caspian defeated Rus at Battle of Kalka River 2 Jochi c 1208 1227 1st son of Genghis Khan 1 given west predeceased father ancestor of the khans of the Golden Horde 5 3 Batu Khan 28Y 1227 1255 son of Jochi 2 1236 42 conquered Russia and Ukraine c 1250 founded capital Sarai on lower Volga 6 3a Orda Khan elder brother of Batu 3 held east see A below 3b Shiban younger brother of Batu 3 held area north of Aral Caspian between Batu and Orda descendants Shaybanids important 3c Tuqa Timur younger brother of Batu 3 descendants Tuqa Timurids important 4 Sartaq Khan 1Y 1256 1257 son of Batu 3 most of short reign spent travelling to great khan in Mongolia 7 5 Ulaghchi 1257 brother less likely son of Sartaq 4 10 years old 8 6 Berke 9Y 1257 1266 younger brother of Batu 3 clashed with Hulagu Khan of Persia and allied with Mamluks died while fighting Hulagu s son first Muslim khan but did not enforce conversion to Islam 9 7 Mongke Temur 14Y 1266 1280 son of Toghan son of Batu 3 non Muslim established trade with Genoese at Kaffa effectively autonomous from the great khan Qubilai from 1269 10 7a Nogai Khan c 1266 1299 son of Bo al son of Tatar 7th son of Jochi 2 under Batu guarded western frontier invaded Poland helped Berke 6 fight Hulagu 1265 invaded Balkans 1266 de facto ruler west of the Dnieper c 1280 killed Bulgarian emperor 1285 he and Talabuga invaded Hungary 1287 raided Poland then Circassia killed in battle by Toqta 10 son fled to Bulgaria sometimes considered its emperor 11 8 Tode Mongke 7Y 1280 1287 brother of Mengu Timur 7 pious Muslim weak removed by Nogai 12 9 Tole Buqa 4Y 1287 1291 son of Tartu the brother of Mengu Timur 7 enthroned by Nogai and fought alongside him began to assert himself so removed then killed by Nogai or Toqta 10 13 10 Toqta 23Y 1291 1312 the son of Mengu Timur 7 installed by Nogai 1300 killed Nogai quarreled with Genoese at Kaffa 14 11 Oz Beg 27Y 1314 1341 son of Toghrilcha the son of Mengu Timur 7 first to actively support Islam fought and made peace with Persia appointed Ivan Kalita chief tax collector 15 12 Tini Beg 1Y 1341 1342 son of Oz Beg 11 killed by Jani Beg 13 16 13 Jani Beg 15Y 1342 1357 brother of Tini Beg 12 lost land in the west took Tabriz his 1347 siege of Kaffa spread the black death to Europe 17 The Black Death would have impacted the steppe about this time but there are few records 14 Berdi Beg 2Y 1357 1359 son and possibly murderer of Jani Beg 13 eliminated his close kinsmen murdered End of the Line of Batu 3 18 15 Qulpa 1Y 1359 1360 possibly pretended son of Jani Beg 13 murdered 19 16 Nawruz Beg Bazarchi 1360 pretended son of Oz Beg 11 or Jani Beg 13 killed 20 17 Khiḍr Khan 1360 1361 son of Mangqutay the son of Tula Buqa the son of Qadaq the son Shiban 3b murdered 21 18 Timur Khwaja 1361 son and murderer of Khiḍr Khan 17 killed 22 Great Disorder 1361 1380 period of chronic civil war among contending factions According to Baumer between Berdi Beg and Tokhtamiysh there were 19 khans at least 8 puppets of Mamai In reality only 4 rulers were Mamai s proteges Warlord Mamai 1361 1380 1381 started in Crimea supported various khans occasionally asserting control over capital Sarai lost territory to Lithuania Moscow stopped paying tribute 1380 defeated by Russians at the Battle of Kulikovo same year defeated by Tokhtamysh fled to the Crimea and was eventually eliminated by Tokhtamysh s agents 23 19 Ordu Malik 1361 probably son of il Tutar the son of Danishmand the son of Bayan the son of Tuqa Timur 3c murdered 24 20 Kildi Beg 1361 1362 pretended son of Jani Beg 13 killed 25 Sarai Horde Right bank of the Volga 1362 1399 edit Chronology according to Grigor ev 1983 21G ʿAbdallah 21M 1362 probably the son of Minkasar the son of Abay the son of Kay Timur the son of Tuqa Timur 3c protege of Mamai expelled 26 22G Murad 1362 brother of Khiḍr Khan 17 expelled rival khan at Gulistan 1361 1364 27 23G Khayr Pulad or Mir Pulad 1362 1364 son of Ming Timur the son of Badaqul the son of Jochi Buqa the son of Bahadur the son of Shiban 3b expelled rival khan at Gulistan as Pulad Khwaja 1364 1367 28 24G ʿAziz Shaykh 1364 1367 probably son of Tun Khwaja the son of Baliq the son of Buralday the son of Qutluq Timur the son of Salghan the son of Shiban 3b murdered 29 25G ʿAbdallah 21M 1367 1368 restored as protege of Mamai expelled 26G uljay Timur or Pulad Timur 1368 probably Timur Beg son of Qutluq Timur the son of Numqan the son of Abay the son of Kay Timur the son of Tuqa Timur 3c protege of Ḥajji Cherkes of Astrakhan expelled 30 27G Ḥasan Beg 1368 1369 son of Beg Qundi the brother of Khayr Pulad 23G expelled killed 31 28G ʿAbdallah 21M 1369 1370 restored protege of Mamai 29G Tulun Beg Khanum 1370 1371 probably daughter of Berdi Beg 14 and wife of Mamai his protege at Sarai 32 30G Muḥammad Sulṭan 22M 1371 1373 probably son of ʿAbdallah 21 25 28G protege of Mamai expelled 33 31G Urus Khan 1373 I below son of Badaq the son of Timur Khwaja the son of Taqtaq the 2nd son of Achiq the son of Urungbash Urung Timur the 3rd son of Tuqa Timur 3c not a descendant of Orda 3a as claimed in older scholarship and its derivatives expelled 34 32G Cherkes Beg 1373 1374 pretended son of Jani Beg 13 protege of or identical with Ḥajji Cherkes of Astrakhan expelled 35 33G il Beg 1374 brother of Khayr Pulad 23G 36 34G Muḥammad Sulṭan 22M 1374 restored as protege of Mamai expelled 37 35G Urus Khan 1374 1375 I below restored expelled died 1377 38 36G Qaghan Beg 1375 1377 son of il Beg 33G abdicated 39 37G ʿArab Shah 1377 1380 son of Khayr Pulad 23G abdicated 40 Tokhtamysh 1380 1399 L below son of Tuy Khwaja the son of Qutluq Khwaja the son of Kuyuchak the son of Saricha the son of urungbash Urung Timur the 3rd son of Tuqa Timur 3c came from east and united two halves of the Horde originally a protege of Timur Tamerlane later fell out with him and was driven out by Edigu who now had Timur s support 41 Alternative chronology according to Sidorenko 2000 21S Khayr Pulad or Mir Pulad 1362 1364 descendant of Shiban 3b as above expelled possibly rival khan at Gulistan as Pulad Khwaja 1364 22S ʿAbdallah 1362 1365 probably descendant of Tuqa Timur 3c as above protege of Mamai expelled 23S ʿAziz Shaykh 1365 1367 probably descendant of Shiban 3b as above murdered earlier rival khan at Gulistan 1364 1365 24S uljay Timur or Pulad Timur 1367 probably descendant of Tuqa Timur 3c as above Following this Sidorenko 2000 does not provide a continuous sequence of khans since he limits his analysis to explicitly labeled coinage he dates Tulun Beg Khanum to 1371 1372 il Beg to 1373 1374 at Saray Juk Cherkes Beg to 1374 1375 at Astrakhan and then Qaghan Beg 1375 1377 and ʿArab Shah 1377 1380 as above Mamai s Horde Left bank of the Volga 1362 1380 edit 21M ʿAbdallah 21 25 28G 1362 1370 probably descendant of Tuqa Timur 3c as above protege of Mamai 42 22M Muḥammad Sulṭan 30 34G 1370 1379 probably son of ʿAbdallah 21M protege of Mamai murdered by him 43 23M Tulak 1379 1380 probably son of Tughluq Khwaja the brother of ʿAbdallah 21M protege of Mamai killed at the Battle of Kulikovo 44 In older scholarship and its derivatives Muḥammad Sulṭan and Tulak were erroneously treated as single individual supposedly named Muḥammad Bulaq the distinction between them is established by Sidorenko 2000 278 280 Gaev 2002 23 25 and others Eastern half of the Golden Horde 1227 1380 edit Between 1242 and 1380 the eastern and western halves of the horde were generally separate the dividing line being somewhere north of the Caspian perhaps the Ural The relation between the two is not always clear but the rulers of the Eastern half generally recognized the superior authority of those of the Western half In the late 14th century the Eastern half s rulers I and L attempted at times successfully to take over the Western half The western khans had a capital at Sarai on the lower Volga while the eastern khans had capitals or winter camps on the Syr Darya especially Sighnaq Most rulers of the Eastern half are poorly documented and historiography still largely relies on the treatment by Hammer Purgstall 1840 who had access to what are now considered unreliable sources like versions of the account of Muʿin ad Din Naṭanzi earlier known as the Anonymous of Iskandar What became the traditional account therefore relies on Naṭanzi and his derivatives to construct through additional rationalization a continuous succession of khans from Orda 3a A to Urus Khan I and Tokhtamysh L While it is clear that the traditional chronology and genealogy are very flawed they have enjoyed a lasting and pervasive influence in historiography appearing even in recent publications such as Bosworth 1996 and Baumer 2016 For discussion see Vasary 2009 Chronology and genealogy according to Hammer Purgstall 1840 A Orda Khan 28Y c1227 1251 held East under his younger brother Batu 3 who ruled West also general in western campaigns B Qun Quran 29Y 1251 c 1280 fourth son of Orda A little information Baumer has Qongqiran gt 1255 lt 77 C Kochu 22Y c1280 1302 grandson of Orda A peaceful reign Baumer Qonichi c1277 lt 1299 D Bayan 7Y 1302 09 son of Kochu C fought his cousin Kobluk Kupalak who allied with Kaidu to the east Baumer has lt 1299 lt 1312 E Sasibuqa 6Y 1309 15 son of Bayan D resisted Uzbeg Khan 11 above Baumer has Sasi Buqa lt 1312 1320 21 F Ebisan 5Y 1310 15 1320 son of Sasibuqa E probably gained land in southeast Otrar recognized overlordship of Uzbek Baumer has Izran 1320 21 G Mubarak Khwaja 24Y 1320 44 brother of Ilbasan F little information Baumer has 1344 H Chimtay 16Y 1344 1360 son of Ilbasan F little information Baumer 1344 61 The Black Death would have hit the steppe about this time but there are few records I Urus Khan 15Y 1361 1376 son of Chimtay H supposedly uncle of Tokhtamysh L fought Tokhtamysh and Tamerlane 1373 and 1374 1375 briefly held Western wing of the Golden Horde Baumer 1361 74 75 J Toqtaqiya 0Y 1377 son of Urus I two month reign Baumer has him defeated by Tokhtamysh K Timur Malik 1Y 1377 78 son of Urus I killed by Tokhtamysh L L Tokhtamysh 21Y 1378 1395 son of Tuy Khwaja supposedly the brother of Urus I a great man but more warlord than ruler rebelled against his uncle Urus I fled to Tamerlane who in 1378 made him khan of the Horde 1380 crossed Volga and defeated Mamai joining the two halves of the Golden Horde burned Moscow to avenge Mamai s defeat at Kulikovo broke with Tamerlane captured Tabriz and withdrew Tamerlane defeated him on the Volga in 1391 and on the Terek in 1395 and razed his cities north of the Caspian fled to Lithuania defeated by Tamerlane s general Edigu fled to Siberia and was killed by Edigu s men Revised chronology and genealogy according to Vasary 2009 Driven by a better understanding of the coinage of Mubarak Khwaja issued in 1366 1368 not as previously assumed 40 or 30 years earlier of Naṭanzi s limitations as a source on the subject and of more reliable sources on the chronology and genealogy of Mongol rulers Vasary 2009 proposed the following reconstruction some of it already anticipated by e g Gaev 2002 V1 Orda 1st son of Jochi 2 V2 Qongkiran 4th son of Orda V1 V3 Qonichi 1st son of Sartaqtay the 1st son of Orda V1 V4 Bayan 1st son of Qonichi V3 V5 Sasi Buqa c 1310 1320 1321 2nd son of Bayan V4 V6 Erzen 1320 1321 1344 1345 son of Sasi Buqa V5 V7 Chimtay 1344 1345 1360 1361 son of Erzen V6 V8 Qara Nogai 1360 1361 1363 2nd son of Sasi the 1st son of Toqanchar the 1st son of Bay Timur the 1st son of Tuqa Timur 3c the 13th son of Jochi 2 V9 Tughluq Timur 1363 brother as the 1st son of Sasi V10 Mubarak Khwaja 1369 cousin as the 1st son of Boz Qulaq the 2nd son of Toqanchar V11 Qutluq Khwaja 1369 cousin as the 3rd son of Sasi V12 Urus Khan 1369 1377 son of Badiq descendant of Tuqa Timur 3c Revised chronology and genealogy according to Sabitov 2014 Sabitov 2014 likewise established a substantial revision to the list of rulers of the Eastern half of the Golden Horde based on the Muʿizz al ansab the Tawariḫ i guzidah i nuṣrat namah and the Cingiz Namah Unlike Vasary Sabitov did not attempt to continue a succession of khans descended from Orda beyond what was verifiable from reliable sources and he showed that Orda s lineage lost its authority by 1330 when Oz Beg Khan of the Western half appointed his own non Jochid governor over the Eastern half a member of the Kiyat clan and the Eastern half had khans of its own again only after 1360 The list after 1330 follows Gaev 2002 10 15 and Sabitov 2008 286 S1 Orda 1227 1252 1253 1st son of Jochi 2 S2 Qongkiran 1252 3 4th son of Orda S1 S3 Qutuqu ruling in 1262 1263 6th son of Orda S1 S4 Timur Buqa son of Qutuqu S3 S5 Qonichi by the 1280s 1301 1302 1st son of Sartaqtay the 1st son of Orda S1 S6 Kubluk 1301 1302 1st son of Timur Buqa S4 killed S7 Bayan 1301 1302 1308 1309 1st son of Qonichi S5 S8 Mangitay 1308 1309 1320 1321 4th son of Qonichi S5 S8a Kushtay 1308 1309 son of Kubluk rival khan S9 Kalak 1320 1321 1328 1330 son of Mangitay S8 S10 Kiyat governor Isatay by 1330 appointed by Oz Beg Khan 11 S11 Kiyat governor Jir Qutlu son of Isatay S10 murdered by the future Urus Khan S17 S12 Kiyat governor Tingiz Buqa 1357 1360 son of Jir Qutlu S11 murdered by Qara Nogai S13 S13 Qara Nogai 1360 1363 2nd son of Sasi the 1st son of Toqanchar the 1st son of Bay Timur the 1st son of Tuqa Timur 3c the 13th son of Jochi 2 reasserted the autonomy of the Eastern half under khans of its own 45 S14 Tughluq Timur 1363 nephew as the son of Bujqaq the 4th son of Sasi 46 S15 Mubarak Khwaja 1369 cousin as the 1st son of Boz Qulaq the 2nd son of Toqanchar 47 S16 Qutluq Khwaja 1369 cousin as the 3rd son of Sasi 48 S17 Urus Khan 1369 1377 son of Badaq the son of Timur Khwaja the son of Taqtaq the 2nd son of Achiq the son of Urungbash Urung Timur the 3rd son of Tuqa Timur 3c 49 S18 Toqtaqiya 1377 2nd son of Urus for 2 months 50 S19 Timur Malik 1377 1379 3rd son of Urus 51 S20 Tokhtamysh 1379 1395 son of Tuy Khwaja the son of Qutluq Khwaja the son of Kuyuchak the son of Saricha the son of Urungbash Urung Timur the 3rd son of Tuqa Timur 3c His conquest of Sarai in 1380 and elimination of Mamai in 1380 1381 led to a temporary reunification and relative stabilization of the Golden Horde 52 After Tokhtamysh 1380 1502 edit Following Tokhtamysh there was no longer a clear distinction between east and west For the first twenty years power was held by descendants of Urus Khan and Tohktamysh and by the warlord Edigu There was then a confused period followed by several long reigns The last khan was deposed in 1502 The Golden horde broke up as follows before 1400 Lithuania expanded as far east as Kiev Kursk as Lithuanian vassal c 1430 land east of the Ural held by Abul Khayr 1438 Kazan by T11 1449 Crimea family of 3c 1452 Kasimov as Russian vassal family of 3c 1465 Kazakh khanate sons of T12 1466 Astrakhan T15 1480 Russia before 1490 Sibir The steppe nomads then became organized as the Nogai Horde T1 Tokhtamysh 1380 1397 L S20 above son of Tuy Khwaja the son of Qutluq Khwaja the son of Kuyuchak the son of Saricha the son of urungbash Urung Timur the 3rd son of Tuqa Timur 3c 53 Warlord Edigu c 1396 1410 ruled Volga Ural area 1399 defeated T1 1406 his men killed T1 1407 raided Volga Bulgaria 1408 raided Russia 1410 dethroned fled east returned to Serai 1419 mortally wounded against Qadir Berdi T17 According to Baumer in 1410 he was driven out by one of his sons after which 9 khans followed in 9 years 54 T1a Quyurchuq 1395 1397 son of Urus Khan I S17 55 T1b Tash Timur 1395 1396 son of Jansa the son of Tulak Timur the son of Kuyunchak the son of Saricha the son of Urung Timur the son of Tuqa Timur 3c rival khan in the Crimea 56 T2 Timur Qutluq 1397 1399 son of Timur Beg the son of Qutluq Timur the son of Numqan the son of Abay the son of Kay Timur the son of Tuqa Timur 3c cousin not son of Timur Malik K S19 real power was exercised by Edigu who enthroned Timur Qutluq after Tokhtamysh s defeat 57 T2a Tokhtamysh 1397 briefly restored then expelled rival khan in Sibir until death in 1406 T3 Shadi Beg 1399 1407 son of Qutlu Beg son of Qutluq Timur the son of Numqan the son of Abay the son of Kay Timur the son of Tuqa Timur 3c cousin not brother of Timur Qutluq T2 protege of Edigu fled to Shirvan 58 T4 Pulad 1407 1410 son of Timur Qutluq T2 cousin not son of Shadi Beg protege of Edigu expelled 59 T5 Karim Berdi 1409 son of Tokhtamysh T1 seized Sarai expelled 60 T6 Pulad 1407 1410 2nd reign recalled Edigu from siege of Moscow 61 T7 Timur 1410 1412 son of Timur Qutluq T2 overthrew Edigu expelled and killed 62 T8 Jalal ad Din 1411 1412 eldest son of Tokhtamysh T1 expelled and killed Timur T7 Lithuanian protege murdered by a brother 63 T9 Karim Berdi 1412 1413 2nd reign anti Lithuanian killed pro Lithuanian rival khan Betsabul Kebek T10 deposed 64 T10 Kebek Betsabul 1414 son of Tokhtamysh T1 Lithuanian protege killed 65 T11 Karim Berdi 1414 3rd reign deposed killed by brother Jabbar Berdi T12 14 in 1417 66 T12 Jabbar Berdi 1414 1415 son of Tokhtamysh T1 Lithuanian protege deposed 67 T13 Chekre 1415 1416 son of Aqmil the son of Minkasar the son of Abay the son of Kay Timur the son of Tuqa Timur 3c he and servant Johann Schiltberger went to Siberia with Edigu earliest European report of Siberia protege of Edigu from 1414 as competitor to Kebek T10 reigned 9 months interrupting reign of Jabbar Berdi T12 14 expelled or killed 68 T14 Jabbar Berdi 1416 1417 2nd reign deposed and killed 69 T15 Sayyid Aḥmad I 1417 protege of Edigu inexperienced deposed after 45 days 70 Either son of Karim Berdi T5 9 11 and thus grandson not son of Tokhtamysh T1 71 or cousin of Chekre T13 as son of Mamki the son of Minkasar 72 T15a Ghiyath ad Din I 1416 son of Tash Timur T1b Lithuanian protege killed against Sayyid Aḥmad T15 73 T16 Darwish 1417 1419 son of Alti Qurtuqa the son of Mamki the son of Minkasar protege of Edigu killed 74 T17 Qadir Berdi 1419 son of Tokhtamysh T1 killed against Edigu who also perished 75 T17a Beg Ṣufi 1419 1421 enthroned by Edigu as competitor to Qadir Berdi T17 later Lithuanian protegein the Crimea Either son of Tash Timur T1b 76 or son of Beg Tut the son of Danishmand the son of Bayan the son of Tuqa Timur 3c 77 T18 Ḥajji Muḥammad 1419 1423 son of ʿAli the brother of Ḥasan Beg 27G a descendant of Shiban 3b protege of Edigu s son Manṣur killed by Baraq T19 Note there is much confusion between at least three khans competing for power in this period all named Muḥammad and not always sufficiently distinguished from each other in the sources Ḥajji Muḥammad T18 Muḥammad Baraq T19 and Ulugh Muḥammad T21 23 78 T19 Baraq 1423 1425 son of Quyurchuq T1a Timurid protege in the east since 1419 expelled by Ghiyath ad Din II T20 1425 defeated by Ulugh Muḥammad T21 1426 and expelled from Sarai but retained control in the east where he defeated the Timurid Ulugh Beg but was contained by Shah Rukh until killed against apparently Kuchuk Muḥammad T24 in 1428 Father of Jani Beg Abu Saʿid the ancestor of Kazakh khans 79 T19a Khudaydad rival khan 1422 1424 son of ʿAli the brother of Tash Timur T1b anti Lithuanian 1422 defeated by Baraq T19 1424 failed to take Odoyev last mentioned 1425 80 T20 Ghiyath ad Din II 1425 1426 son of Shadi Beg T3 rival khan at Azov 1421 later protege of Edigu s son Manṣur from 1423 expelled by Ulugh Muḥammad T21 in 1426 ensconced at Kazan briefly ruler at Sarai in 1437 81 T21 Ulugh Muḥammad 1426 1428 son of Ḥasan the brother of Tash Timur T1b possibly set up by oppenents of Edigu s sons as early as 1419 1420 Lithuanian protege in the Crimea 1424 expelled by Dawlat Berdi T22 or Baraq T19 in 1428 or 1427 82 T22 Dawlat Berdi 1428 son of Tash Timur T1b Lithuanian protege in the Crimea 1421 1424 and 1426 1428 expelled by Ulugh Muḥammad T21 23 1424 restored 1426 seized Sarai 1427 or 1428 died or killed later the same year 83 T23 Ulugh Muḥammad 1428 1436 2nd reign recovered Sarai 1427 or 1428 defeated Sayyid Aḥmad I II in 1432 divided Golden Horde with Kuchuk Muḥammad T24 in 1433 keeping west expelled by Sayyid Aḥmad I II T24 in 1436 defeated Vasilij II Vasil evic of Moscow in 1437 founded Khanate of Kazan 1438 besieged Moscow 1439 died 1445 allegedly killed by son Maḥmud another son Qasim founded the Khanate of Kasimov 84 T23a Jumadaq 1426 1428 son of Ṣufi the son of Baba the son of Suyunch Bay the son of Suyunch Timur the brother of il Beg 33G khan in Sibir and the east 85 T23b Maḥmud Khwaja 1428 1430 son of Qaghan Beg 36G khan in Sibir and the east 86 T23c Khiḍr 1428 1429 son of Ibrahim the brother of ʿArab Shah 37G khan in Sibir and the east 87 T23d Abu l Khayr Khan 1429 1431 son of Dawlat Shaykh the brother of Khiḍr T23c khan in Sibir and the east later founder of the Uzbek Khanate died 1469 88 T23e Maḥmudaq 1431 1464 son of Ḥajji Muḥammad T18 khan in Sibir and the east his line continued as rulers of the Khanate of Sibir 89 T24 Kuchuk Muḥammad 1433 1459 son of Timur T7 claimant in east as protege of Edigu s son Ghazi since c 1427 killed and replaced Baraq T19 in 1428 divided Golden Horde with Ulugh Muḥammad T21 23 in 1433 getting Volga and the east with Astrakhan defeated Ulugh Muḥammad in 1437 took over Azov as witnessed by Giosafat Barbaro and the Crimea 1438 ruled also between the Don and Kazakhstan steppe 90 T25 Sayyid Aḥmad I II 1436 1452 son of Beg Ṣufi T17a 1432 declared khan in the Crimea but defeated and captured by Ulugh Muḥammad T21 23 sent as hostage to Lithuania protege of the Lithuanian faction of Svitrigaila 1433 expelled Ulugh Muḥammad 1436 ruled between the Dnieper and the Don raided Russia lost Crimea 1441 in 1452 attacked by Khan Ḥajji Giray I of Crimea T25a fled to Kiev captured by Lithuanians and died miserably at Kovno in 1455 65 91 T25a Ḥajji Giray I 1441 1466 son of Ghiyath ad Din I T15a rival khan intermittently since 1428 founded Crimean Khanate 92 T26 Maḥmud 1459 1471 son of Kuchuk Muḥammad T24 at Astrakhan often considered founder of the Khanate of Astrakhan inherited by his son Qasim defeated by Ḥajji Giray I of Crimea T25a in 1465 93 T27 Aḥmad 1465 1481 son of Kuchuk Muḥammad T24 at Sarai warred with the Uzbeks and lost Russia in 1480 killed by Khan Ibaq of Sibir and the Nogais 94 T28 Shaykh Aḥmad 1481 1493 and 1494 1502 son of Aḥmad T27 in association and or competition with his brothers and cousins briefly deposed in favor of Murtaḍa T30 then restored defeated and expelled by Mangli Giray I of Crimea 1502 fled to Astrakhan then Lithuania where he was held captive released 1527 briefly khan at Astrakhan died 1528 95 T29 Sayyid Aḥmad II III 1485 1502 son of Aḥmad T27 rival of Shaykh Aḥmad T28 overran the Crimea as associate of Murtaḍa T30 1486 became associate of Shaykh Aḥmad by 1490 until they quarreled in 1501 last mentioned 1504 96 T30 Murtaḍa 1486 1494 son of Aḥmad T27 rival of Shaykh Aḥmad T28 as associate of Sayyid Aḥmad II III T29 then on his own briefly displaced Shaykh Aḥmad in 1493 1494 deposed also in Astrakhan died 1499 or after 1514 97 Sack of Sarai by Khan Mangli Giray I of Crimea in 1502 end of the Great Horde overall the Golden Horde had already disintegrated in the 1420s 1460s Genealogy of Ulus of Jochi editHouse of Borjigin Mongol Empire Golden Horde Before Islamization Golden Horde Great Horde After Islamization White Horde Blue Horde Uzbek Khanate Kazan Khanate Crimean Khanate Qasim Khanate Astrakhan Khanate Tyumen Khanate Sibir Khanate Kazakh Khanate Bukhara Khanate Khiva Khanate Caucasian Tyumen Khanate Second Bulgarian Empire Tsardom of RussiaTemujin r 1206 1227Jochi r 1225 1227Orda r 1242 1251Batu r 1242 1255 r 1227 1255Berke r 1257 1267 r 1257 1267ShaybanBuvalTuqa TimurSartaqtayQun Quran r 1251 1280Sartaq r 1255 1257 r 1255 1257ToqoqanUlaghchi r 1257 1257 r 1257 1257BahadurSalghanQadaqTutarBay TimurBayanUrung TimurKay TimurKochu r 1280 1302TartuMongke Temur r 1267 1280 r 1267 1280Tode Mongke r 1280 1287 r 1280 1287Jochi BuqaQutluq TimurTole BuqaNogai Beylerbey r 1280 1299TuqancharDanishmandAchiqSarichaAbayBayan r 1302 1309Tole Buqa r 1287 1290 r 1287 1290TughrilchaToqta r 1290 1312 r 1290 1312Bada QulYangicharBuraldayMangqutaiChaka r 1299 1300SasiBurqulaqIl TutarTartaqKuyunchuqNumqanMinkasarSasi Buqa r 1309 1315Oz Beg r 1312 1341 r 1312 1320 r 1320 1341Ming TimurGhazanBaliqKhidr r 1359 1361 r 1360 1360Murad r 1361 1364 r 1362 1362Qara Nogai r 1361 1363BuchqaqQutluq Khwaja r 1368 1368Mubarak Khwaja r 1365 1368Ordu Malik r 1360 1361 r 1361 1361Timur KhwajaQutluq KhwajaTulak TimurQutluq TimurAbdullah r 1361 1370 r 1362 1362 1367 1368 r 1369 1370Tughluq KhwajaAqmilMamkiIlbasan r 1315 1344Tini Beg r 1341 1342 r 1341 1342Jani Beg r 1342 1357 r 1342 1357Khayr Pulad r 1361 1367 r 1362 1364Beg QundiIl Beg r 1374 1374 r 1374 1374Suyunch TimurAq BerdiTun KhwajaTimur Khwaja r 1361 1361 r 1361 1361Tughluq Timur r 1363 1365BadiqTuy KhwajaJanishUljay Timur r 1368 1368 r 1368 1368Qutluq BegMuhammad Sultan r 1370 1379 r 1370 1373 1374 1374Tulak r 1379 1380 r 1380 1380Chekre r 1413 1416Alti QurtuqaChimtay r 1344 1361Qulpa r 1359 1360 r 1359 1360Nawruz Beg r 1360 1361 r 1360 1361Berdi Beg r 1357 1359 r 1357 1359Kildi Beg r 1361 1362 r 1361 1362Cherkes Beg r 1359 1375 r 1373 1374IbrahimArab Shah r 1374 1380 r 1377 1380Hasan Beg r 1367 1370 r 1368 1369AliQaghan Beg r 1374 1377 r 1375 1377Suyunch BegMusaAtsiz Shaykh r 1364 1367 r 1364 1367Urus r 1368 1377 r 1373 1373 1374 1375Toqtamysh r 1378 1380 r 1380 1406Tash Timur r 1392 1395AliHasanTimur Qutluq r 1395 1399Shadi Beg r 1399 1406Dervish r 1416 1419Mamai Beylerbey r 1359 1380Tulun Beg r 1370 1370 r 1370 1370Dawlat Shaykh r 1423 1425Tughluq HajjiHajji Muhammad r 1419 1423Mahmud Khwaja r 1423 1431BabaMustafa I r 1423 1428 1440 1446 r 1457 1462Qutluq Buqa Regent r 1373 1373 1374 1375Toqtaqiya r 1377 1377Timur Malik r 1377 1378Quyurchuq r 1395 1395Jalal ad Din r 1411 1411Karim Berdi r 1409 1409 1412 1414Kebek r 1413 1414Jabbar Berdi r 1414 1416Qadir Berdi r 1419 1419Ghiyath ad Din I r 1416 1416Beg Sufi r 1419 1421Khudaidad r 1423 1423Ulugh Muhammad r 1419 1423 1425 1438 r 1438 1445Pulad r 1406 1410Timur r 1410 1411Ghiyath ad Din II r 1421 1428 1431 1438Abu l Khayr r 1428 1428 r 1428 1468Timur ShaykhMahmudaqSufi r 1425 1426Beg Pulad r 1391 1392Pulad SultanBaraq r 1419 1428Sayyid Ahmad I r 1416 1416Dawlat Berdi r 1419 1423 1426 1428Hajji I Giray r 1428 1429 1431 1434 r 1441 1456 1456 1466Sayyid Ahmad II r 1433 1455Mahmud r 1445 1465Qasim r 1445 1469Kichik Muhammad r 1428 1459Mustafa II r 1431 1433Shaykh Haydar r 1468 1471Yadigar r 1468 1468Ibaq r 1468 1495Mamuq r 1495 1496 r 1496 1496Jumadaq r 1426 1428Kazakh KhanateNur Dawlat r 1466 1469 1475 1476 r 1477 1478 r 1486 1491Haydar r 1456 1456 1475 1475Mangli I Giray r 1467 1467 1469 1475 r 1478 1515Khalil r 1465 1467Ibrahim r 1467 1479Daniyal r 1469 1486Mahmud r 1459 1465 r 1465 1476Ahmad r 1459 1481BakhtiyarChuwaqShaybanid DynastyArabshahid DynastyKuluk r 1505 1510MurtazaAgalak r 1496 1505Satylghan r 1491 1506Janay r 1506 1512Muhammad I Giray r 1493 1495 r 1515 1523Saadat I Giray r 1524 1532Sahib I Giray r 1521 1524 r 1532 1551Mubarak GirayFath GirayIlham Ali r 1479 1484 1485 1487Muhammad Amin r 1484 1485 1487 1496 r 1502 1519Abdul Latif r 1487 1487 1496 1502Qasim I r 1476 1480 1482 1495Jani Beg r 1476 1477 r 1514 1521Abdul Karim r 1482 1485 1488 1491 r 1495 1504 1509 1514Shaykh Ahmad r 1481 1491 1491 1493 r 1494 1502 r 1527 1529Sayyid Ahmad III r 1481 1485 1486 1491 r 1491 1502Murtaza r 1480 1482 r 1482 1485 1486 1491 r 1493 1494 r 1495 1514Hajik Ahmad r 1495 1502 r 1514 1515BahadurShaykh Allahyar r 1512 1516MangishlaqKuchum r 1563 1598Ghazi I Giray r 1523 1524Islam I Giray r 1524 1524 1525 1525 r 1528 1528 1532 1532 r 1531 1531Bahadur Giray r 1523 1523Dawlat I Giray r 1549 1551 r 1551 1577Safa Giray r 1524 1531 1535 1546 r 1546 1549Hussain r 1521 1523 1523 1527Abdur Rahman r 1533 1538 1539 1545Shaykh HaydarQasim II r 1504 1509 1529 1531 r 1531 1532Aq Kebek r 1515 1550 r 1532 1533 1545 1546 r 1546 1549Berdi BegBeg PuladShah Ali r 1516 1519 1535 1567 r 1519 1521 1546 1546 r 1551 1552Jan Ali r 1519 1531 r 1531 1535Astrakhanid DynastyAliMuhammad II Giray r 1577 1584Islam II Giray r 1584 1588Ghazi II Giray r 1588 1596 1596 1607Fath I Giray r 1596 1596Salamat I Giray r 1607 1610Mubarak GirayUtamysh Giray r 1549 1551Dervish Ali r 1538 1539 1549 1551 r 1554 1556Yadigar Muhammad r 1552 1552AbdullahYamghurchi r 1546 1546 1549 1549 r 1551 1554Sain Pulad r 1567 1573 r 1575 1576Arslan Ali r 1614 1626Fatima Sultan r 1679 1681Saadat II Giray r 1584 1584Inayat Giray r 1635 1637Toqtamysh Giray r 1607 1607Choban GirayBahadur I Giray r 1637 1641Islam III Giray r 1644 1654Muhammad IV Giray r 1641 1644 1654 1666Karim GirayMubarak GirayJani Beg Giray r 1610 1623 1628 1635Mustafa Ali r 1585 1590Sayyid Burhan r 1626 1679Muhammad III Giray r 1623 1628Safa GirayAdil Giray r 1666 1671Salim I Giray r 1671 1678 1684 1691 r 1692 1699 1702 1704Hajji II Giray r 1683 1684Saadat III Giray r 1691 1691Murad Giray r 1678 1683 td, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library, article , read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games. © Copyright 2021, All Rights Reserved  |   www.wiki3.en-us.nina.az Rss Feed SiteMap Ping DMCA Contact Us HomePage Closed Call: Temüjin r. 1206–1227 Jochi r. 1225–1227 Orda r. 1242–1251 Batu r. 1242–1255 r. 1227–1255 Berke r. 1257–1267 r. 1257–1267 Shayban Buval Tuqa-Timur Sartaqtay Qun-Quran r. 1251–1280 Sartaq r. 1255–1257 r. 1255–1257 Toqoqan Ulaghchi r. 1257–1257 r. 1257–1257 Bahadur Salghan Qadaq Tutar Bay-Timur Bayan Urung-Timur Kay-Timur Köchü r. 1280–1302 Tartu Möngke-Temür r. 1267–1280 r. 1267–1280 Töde-Möngke r. 1280–1287 r. 1280–1287 Jochi-Buqa Qutluq-Timur Töle-Buqa Nogai Beylerbey r. 1280–1299 Tuqanchar Danishmand Achiq Saricha Abay Bayan r. 1302–1309 Töle-Buqa r. 1287–1290 r. 1287–1290 Tughrilcha Toqta r. 1290–1312 r. 1290–1312 Bada-Qul Yangichar Buralday Mangqutai Chaka r. 1299–1300 Sasi Burqulaq Il-Tutar Tartaq Kuyunchuq Numqan Minkasar Sasi-Buqa r. 1309–1315 Öz-Beg r. 1312–1341 r. 1312–1320 r. 1320–1341 Ming-Timur Ghazan Baliq Khidr r. 1359–1361 r. 1360–1360 Murad r. 1361–1364 r. 1362–1362 Qara-Nogai r. 1361–1363 Buchqaq Qutluq-Khwaja r. 1368–1368 Mubarak-Khwaja r. 1365–1368 Ordu-Malik r. 1360–1361 r. 1361–1361 Timur-Khwaja Qutluq-Khwaja Tulak-Timur Qutluq-Timur Abdullah r. 1361–1370 r. 1362–1362,  1367–1368 r. 1369–1370 Tughluq-Khwaja Aqmil Mamki Ilbasan r. 1315–1344 Tini-Beg r. 1341–1342 r. 1341–1342 Jani-Beg r. 1342–1357 r. 1342–1357 Khayr-Pulad r. 1361–1367 r. 1362–1364 Beg-Qundi Il-Beg r. 1374–1374 r. 1374–1374 Suyunch-Timur Aq-Berdi Tun-Khwaja Timur-Khwaja r. 1361–1361 r. 1361–1361 Tughluq-Timur r. 1363–1365 Badiq Tuy-Khwaja Janish Uljay-Timur r. 1368–1368 r. 1368–1368 Qutluq-Beg Muhammad-Sultan r. 1370–1379 r. 1370–1373,  1374–1374 Tulak r. 1379–1380 r. 1380–1380 Chekre r. 1413–1416 Alti-Qurtuqa Chimtay r. 1344–1361 Qulpa r. 1359–1360 r. 1359–1360 Nawruz-Beg r. 1360–1361 r. 1360–1361 Berdi-Beg r. 1357–1359 r. 1357–1359 Kildi-Beg r. 1361–1362 r. 1361–1362 Cherkes-Beg r. 1359–1375 r. 1373–1374 Ibrahim Arab-Shah r. 1374–1380 r. 1377–1380 Hasan-Beg r. 1367–1370 r. 1368–1369 Ali Qaghan-Beg r. 1374–1377 r. 1375–1377 Suyunch-Beg Musa Atsiz-Shaykh r. 1364–1367 r. 1364–1367 Urus r. 1368–1377 r. 1373–1373,  1374–1375 Toqtamysh r. 1378–1380 r. 1380–1406 Tash-Timur r. 1392–1395 Ali Hasan Timur-Qutluq r. 1395–1399 Shadi-Beg r. 1399–1406 Dervish r. 1416–1419 Mamai Beylerbey r. 1359–1380 Tulun-Beg r. 1370–1370 r. 1370–1370 Dawlat-Shaykh r. 1423–1425 Tughluq-Hajji Hajji-Muhammad r. 1419–1423 Mahmud-Khwaja r. 1423–1431 Baba Mustafa I r. 1423–1428,  1440–1446 r. 1457–1462 Qutluq-Buqa Regent r. 1373–1373,  1374–1375 Toqtaqiya r. 1377–1377 Timur-Malik r. 1377–1378 Quyurchuq r. 1395–1395 Jalal ad-Din r. 1411–1411 Karim-Berdi r. 1409–1409,  1412–1414 Kebek r. 1413–1414 Jabbar-Berdi r. 1414–1416 Qadir-Berdi r. 1419–1419 Ghiyath ad-Din I r. 1416–1416 Beg-Sufi r. 1419–1421 Khudaidad r. 1423–1423 Ulugh Muhammad r. 1419–1423,  1425–1438 r. 1438–1445 Pulad r. 1406–1410 Timur r. 1410–1411 Ghiyath ad-Din II r. 1421–1428,  1431–1438 Abu'l-Khayr r. 1428–1428 r. 1428–1468 Timur-Shaykh Mahmudaq Sufi r. 1425–1426 Beg-Pulad r. 1391–1392 Pulad-Sultan Baraq r. 1419–1428 Sayyid-Ahmad I r. 1416–1416 Dawlat-Berdi r. 1419–1423,  1426–1428 Hajji I Giray r. 1428–1429,  1431–1434 r. 1441–1456,  1456–1466 Sayyid-Ahmad II r. 1433–1455 Mahmud r. 1445–1465 Qasim r. 1445–1469 Kichik Muhammad r. 1428–1459 Mustafa II r. 1431–1433 Shaykh-Haydar r. 1468–1471 Yadigar r. 1468–1468 Ibaq r. 1468–1495 Mamuq r. 1495–1496 r. 1496–1496 Jumadaq r. 1426–1428 Kazakh Khanate Nur-Dawlat r. 1466–1469,  1475–1476 r. 1477–1478 r. 1486–1491 Haydar r. 1456–1456,  1475–1475 Mangli I Giray r. 1467–1467,  1469–1475 r. 1478–1515 Khalil r. 1465–1467 Ibrahim r. 1467–1479 Daniyal r. 1469–1486 Mahmud r. 1459–1465 r. 1465–1476 Ahmad r. 1459–1481 Bakhtiyar Chuwaq Shaybanid Dynasty Arabshahid Dynasty Kuluk r. 1505–1510 Murtaza Agalak r. 1496–1505 Satylghan r. 1491–1506 Janay r. 1506–1512 Muhammad I Giray r. 1493–1495 r. 1515–1523 Saadat I Giray r. 1524–1532 Sahib I Giray r. 1521–1524 r. 1532–1551 Mubarak Giray Fath Giray Ilham-Ali r. 1479–1484,  1485–1487 Muhammad-Amin r. 1484–1485,  1487–1496 r. 1502–1519 Abdul-Latif r. 1487–1487,  1496–1502 Qasim I r. 1476–1480,  1482–1495 Jani-Beg r. 1476–1477 r. 1514–1521 Abdul-Karim r. 1482–1485,  1488–1491 r. 1495–1504,  1509–1514 Shaykh-Ahmad r. 1481–1491,  1491–1493 r. 1494–1502 r. 1527–1529 Sayyid-Ahmad III r. 1481–1485,  1486–1491 r. 1491–1502 Murtaza r. 1480–1482 r. 1482–1485,  1486–1491 r. 1493–1494 r. 1495–1514 Hajik-Ahmad r. 1495–1502 r. 1514–1515 Bahadur Shaykh-Allahyar r. 1512–1516 Mangishlaq Kuchum r. 1563–1598 Ghazi I Giray r. 1523–1524 Islam I Giray r. 1524–1524,  1525–1525 r. 1528–1528,  1532–1532 r. 1531–1531 Bahadur Giray r. 1523–1523 Dawlat I Giray r. 1549–1551 r. 1551–1577 Safa Giray r. 1524–1531,  1535–1546 r. 1546–1549 Hussain r. 1521–1523,  1523–1527 Abdur-Rahman r. 1533–1538,  1539–1545 Shaykh-Haydar Qasim II r. 1504–1509,  1529–1531 r. 1531–1532 Aq-Kebek r. 1515–1550 r. 1532–1533,  1545–1546 r. 1546–1549 Berdi-Beg Beg-Pulad Shah-Ali r. 1516–1519,  1535–1567 r. 1519–1521,  1546–1546 r. 1551–1552 Jan-Ali r. 1519–1531 r. 1531–1535 Astrakhanid Dynasty Ali Muhammad II Giray r. 1577–1584 Islam II Giray r. 1584–1588 Ghazi II Giray r. 1588–1596,  1596–1607 Fath I Giray r. 1596–1596 Salamat I Giray r. 1607–1610 Mubarak Giray Utamysh Giray r. 1549–1551 Dervish-Ali r. 1538–1539,  1549–1551 r. 1554–1556 Yadigar-Muhammad r. 1552–1552 Abdullah Yamghurchi r. 1546–1546,  1549–1549 r. 1551–1554 Sain-Pulad r. 1567–1573 r. 1575–1576 Arslan-Ali r. 1614–1626 Fatima-Sultan r. 1679–1681 Saadat II Giray r. 1584–1584 Inayat Giray r. 1635–1637 Toqtamysh Giray r. 1607–1607 Choban Giray Bahadur I Giray r. 1637–1641 Islam III Giray r. 1644–1654 Muhammad IV Giray r. 1641–1644,  1654–1666 Karim Giray Mubarak Giray Jani-Beg Giray r. 1610–1623,  1628–1635 Mustafa-Ali r. 1585–1590 Sayyid-Burhan r. 1626–1679 Muhammad III Giray r. 1623–1628 Safa Giray Adil Giray r. 1666–1671 Salim I Giray r. 1671–1678,  1684–1691 r. 1692–1699,  1702–1704 Hajji II Giray r. 1683–1684 Saadat III Giray r. 1691–1691 Murad Giray r. 1678–1683