Wikipedia
List of golf courses designed by Old Tom Morris
Old Tom Morris (16 June 1821 – 24 May 1908) designed or remodelled about 75 golf courses throughout his life in the British Isles,[1] including The Open Championship courses of Prestwick, the Old Course at St Andrews, Muirfield, Royal Portrush, and Carnoustie.[2][3] GolfPass has said that "You could make an argument that Old Tom Morris is the greatest golf course architect who ever lived".[4][5]
The Old Course was redesigned by Old Tom Morris and Allan Robertson
Old Tom Morris playing on the Old Course at St Andrews in 1905
The 18th hole on the Old Course, named in honour of Old Tom Morris
Career Edit
Morris started designing golf courses whilst working at Carnoustie, when he was employed as an apprentice to Allan Robertson.[6] Many of the courses that he subsequently designed have since been remodelled, but not all of them. In 1850, Allan Robertson initially designed the Carnoustie Golf Links, Old Tom Morris remodelled and extended it to a full 18 holes in the early 1870s.[7] Carnoustie's only surviving Morris hole is the par 5 6th hole, previously known as "Long", it was officially renamed on 24 September 2003 as "Hogan’s Alley" by the 1999 Open Championship winner at Carnoustie Paul Lawrie in honour of Ben Hogan's victory at the same course in The Open in 1953.[7]
He also laid out The Himalayas, 9-hole putting course in St Andrews in 1867 for the St Andrews Ladies Golf Club. It lies next to the Old Course, north of the Swilcan Burn. It is thought that it was the first minigolf or 'miniature links' course in the world, and it's now both a 9-hole and 18-hole putting course.[8][9]
Morris introduced many of the greenskeeping techniques that are still used today, including:[10]
- The standardised the length of a golf course to 18 holes.[11]
- The first to use a lawn mower to cut putting greens.[11]
- He is said to have accidentally discovered the benefits of routinely dressing the tops of greens with sand to improve the density and uniformity of the putting turf, when he accidentally spilled a wheelbarrow full of sand onto a green.[10][12]
- Using fertilisers, lime, sulfates, and compost to improve the growth of the turf.[10][12]
- Using drainage and irrigation to improve linksland golf courses, by digging shallow wells at each green for irrigation and with making minor drainage improvements to bunkers.[10]
- The first strategic design of hazards such that hazards could work as markers so that players could plan their play around them. Before his time, hazards, such as bunkers, were left alone. Morris began managing the state of these hazards.[10][12]
- Yardage markers, which tell golfers how far they are from the green. The markers can indicate that they are for example 200 yards, 150 yards, or 100 yards from the green.[10][12]
- The first tee boxes, also known as the teeing area. Before his time, golfers would tee off for the next hole from the green they had just played.[10][12]
Golf courses designed by Old Tom Morris Edit
- Denotes that the course is on the current Open Championship rota
- Denotes that the course has previously hosted The Open Championship, but is not on the current rota
- — Denotes that there is no corroborating evidence to suggest that any other architect was involved in designing the golf course
| Country | Golf Club (golf course) | Location | Other architects[a] | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scotland | Alyth Golf Club | Alyth | James Braid | [13][14] |
| Anstruther Golf Club | Anstruther | — | [3][15] | |
| Arbroath Golf Links | Elliot | Willie Fernie, James Braid | [16][17] | |
| Askernish Golf Club | Askernish | Martin Ebert | [18][19] | |
| Bridge of Allan Golf Club | Bridge of Allan | — | [3][20] | |
| Callander Golf Club | Callander | Willie Fernie | [21][22] | |
| Carnoustie Golf Links (Championship)[b] | Carnoustie | Allan Robertson, James Braid, James Wright | [23][24] | |
| Crail Golfing Society (Balcomie Links) | Crail | — | [25][26] | |
| Crieff Golf Club (Ferntower) | Crieff | Robert Simpson, James Braid, John Stark | [27][28] | |
| Cruden Bay Golf Club (Championship Course) | Cruden Bay | Archie Simpson, Tom Simpson, Herbert Fowler | [27][28] | |
| Cruden Bay Golf Club (St Olaf Course) | Cruden Bay | Archie Simpson, Tom Simpson, Herbert Fowler | [3][29] | |
| Cullen Links Golf Club | Cullen | Charlie Neaves | [30][31] | |
| Dunbar Golf Club | Dunbar | Ben Sayers, James Braid | [32][33] | |
| Dunkeld and Birnam Golf Club | Dunkeld | — | [3][34] | |
| Forfar Golf Club | Forfar | James Braid | [35][36] | |
| Glasgow Golf Club | Bearsden | James Braid, Dave Thomas | [37][38] | |
| The Golf House Club | Elie | — | [39][40] | |
| Helensburgh Golf Club | Helensburgh | Tom Turnbull, James Braid | [41][42] | |
| Kinghorn Golf Club | Kinghorn | Willie Fernie | [3][43] | |
| King James VI Golf Club | Perth | — | [3][44] | |
| Kingussie Golf Club | Kingussie | Harry Vardon | [45][46] | |
| Kirkcaldy Golf Club | Kirkcaldy | — | [3][47] | |
| Ladybank Golf Club | Ladybank | — | [48][49] | |
| Lanark Golf Club | Lanark | George Sayers, James Braid | [50][51] | |
| Leslie Golf Club | Leslie | — | [3][52] | |
| Leven Links Golf Course | Leven | — | [53][54] | |
| Luffness New Golf Club | Aberlady | — | [55][56] | |
| Lundin Golf Club | Lundin Links | James Braid | [57][58] | |
| Machrihanish Golf Club (Championship) | Machrihanish | Charles Hunter, John Henry Taylor, Guy Campbell | [59][60] | |
| Montrose Golf Links | Montrose | Willie Park Jr., Harry Colt | [61][62] | |
| Moray Golf Club (old course) | Lossiemouth | — | [63][64] | |
| Muirfield[b] | Gullane | Harry Colt, Tom Simpson | [65][66] | |
| Nairn Dunbar Golf Club | Nairn | James Braid | [3][67] | |
| Nairn Golf Club | Nairn | Archie Simpson, James Braid, Ben Sayers, Mackenzie & Ebert | [3][68] | |
| Newtonmore Golf Club | Newtonmore | Tom Watson, Tom Turnbull | [3][69] | |
| North Berwick Golf Club (The West Links) | North Berwick | Unknown, David Strath, Ben Sayers, C. K. (Cecil Key) Hutchison | [70][71] | |
| North Inch Golf Course | Perth | — | [3][72] | |
| Panmure Golf Club | Barry | James Braid | [73][74] | |
| Prestwick Golf Club[c] | Prestwick | — | [10][75] | |
| The Royal Burgess Golfing Society of Edinburgh | Barnton, Edinburgh | Willie Park Jr., James Braid, Mackenzie Ross | [3][76] | |
| Royal Dornoch Golf Club | Dornoch | John Henry Taylor, George Duncan | [77][78] | |
| Scotscraig Golf Club | Tayport | James Braid | [3][79][80] | |
| St Andrews Ladies’ Putting Club (The Himalayas)[d] | St Andrews | — | [8][9] | |
| St Andrews Links (Jubilee Course) | St Andrews | John Angus, Willie Auchterlonie, Donald Steel | [10][81][80] | |
| St Andrews Links (New Course) | St Andrews | William Hall Blyth | [10][82][83] | |
| St Andrews Links (Old Course)[b] | St Andrews | Unknown, Allan Robertson, Martin Hawtree | [84][85] | |
| Stirling Golf Club | Stirling | Henry Cotton, Howard Swan, Willie Fernie, James Braid | [86][87] | |
| Strathpeffer Spa Golf Club | Strathpeffer | Willie Park Jr., Tom Vardon | [88][89] | |
| Tain Golf Club | Tain | — | [90][91] | |
| Tarland Golf Club | Tarland | — | [3][92] | |
| Thornhill Golf Club | Thornhill | — | [93][94] | |
| The West Kilbride Golf Club | West Kilbride | James Braid | [95][96] | |
| England | Cleeve Hill Golf Course | Cheltenham | Alister MacKenzie | [97][98] |
| Cleveland Golf Club | Redcar | Harry Colt, Donald Steel | [97][99] | |
| Dewsbury District Golf Club | Mirfield | Ted Ray, Peter Alliss, Dave Thomas | [3][100] | |
| Kendal Golf Club | Kendal | Harry Vardon, Tom Vardon, John Henry Taylor | [3][101] | |
| Kettering Golf Club | Kettering | Mackenzie & Ebert | [102][103] | |
| Kirby Muxloe Golf Club | Kirby Muxloe | Simon Gidman | [104][105] | |
| Lindrick Golf Club | Lindrick | Tom Dunn, Willie Park Jr., Alister MacKenzie | [106][107] | |
| Mitcham Golf Club | Mitcham | Tom Dunn | [3][108] | |
| Newcastle United Golf Club | Newcastle upon Tyne | — | [3][109] | |
| Northampton Golf Club | Harlestone | Cameron Sinclair, Donald Steel, Willie Park, Jr., James Braid | [3][110] | |
| Ramsey Golf and Bowls Club | Ramsey | George Lowe, James Braid, Steve Marnoch | [3][111] | |
| Royal Cromer Golf Club | Cromer | James Braid, John Henry Taylor | [112][113] | |
| Royal North Devon Golf Club | Westward Ho! | Herbert Fowler | [114][115] | |
| Wallasey Golf Club | Wallasey | James Braid, John Henry Taylor, Sandy Herd, Harold Hilton, Fred Hawtree | [116][117] | |
| Warkworth Golf Club | Warkworth | — | [3][118] | |
| West Herts Golf Club | Croxley Green | John Henry Taylor, Alister MacKenzie, Harry Colt | [119][120] | |
| Northern Ireland | ||||
| Royal County Down Golf Club (Annesley Links) | Newcastle | Donald Steel, Mackenzie & Ebert | [121][122] | |
| Royal County Down Golf Club (Championship Links) | George L. Baillie, Harry Vardon, Harry Colt, Donald Steel | [123][124] | ||
| Royal Portrush Golf Club[b] | Portrush | Harry Colt, Mackenzie & Ebert | [125][126] | |
| Republic of Ireland | Lahinch Golf Club | Lahinch | Charles Gibson, Alister MacKenzie, Martin Hawtree | [127][128] |
| Rosapenna Golf Links (Old Tom Morris Links) | Downings | James Braid, Harry Vardon, Harry Colt, Pat Ruddy | [129][130] | |
| Isle of Man | Castletown Golf Links | Derbyhaven | Mackenzie Ross | [3][131] |
| King Edward Bay Golf Club | Douglas | — | [3][132] | |
| Wales | Pwllheli Golf Club | Pwllheli | James Braid | [3][133] |
Open Championship courses designed by Old Tom Morris Edit
See also Edit
Notes Edit
- ^ 'Other architects' includes architects that may have initially designed the golf course, architects that may have subsequently redesigned the golf course or where Old Tom Morris was either a co-architect or assistant to the lead architect.
'—' denotes that there is no corroborating evidence to suggest that any other architect was involved in designing the golf course - ^ a b c d Course is on the current Open Championship rota
- ^ Course was formerly on the Open Championship rota
- ^ Originally The Himalayas was a 9-hole putting course. It is now both a 9-hole and 18-hole putting course, thought to be the first minigolf course ever made.[8][9]
References Edit
- ^ "Golfers mark legend's anniversary". BBC Scotland. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "The Grandfather of Golf: Old Tom Morris". Professional Golfers Career College. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z "Old Tom Morris-Old Tom Morris Designed Courses". Golf Advisor. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Celebrating a legend: The 10 best links golf courses influenced by Old Tom Morris". Golf Advisor. Retrieved 2020-11-09.
- ^ . C&C Investment Syndicate. 31 October 2020. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
- ^ "Allan Robertson". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-09.
- ^ a b "Championship". Carnoustie Golf Club. Retrieved 2020-11-09.
- ^ a b c "St Andrews Ladies' Putting Club". National Club Golfer. Retrieved 2021-05-15.
- ^ a b c "Club History". St Andrews Ladies’ Putting Club. Retrieved 2021-05-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Famous Golf Course Designers-Old Tom Morris (1821 – 1908)". Professional Golfers Career College. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ a b "History & Heritage". Dornoch Firth Golf. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
- ^ a b c d e "Evolution of the Golf Green" (PDF). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
- ^ "Alyth Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Alyth". Carnoustie Country. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Anstruther Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Arbroath Golf Links". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Arbroath". Carnoustie Country. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Askernish Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Askernish". Fine Golf. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Bridge of Allan Golf Club". Golfshake.com Ltd. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Callander Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Callander Golf Club given approval to build new clubhouse". Daily Record (Scotland). Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Carnoustie Golf Links (Championship)". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Carnoustie". The Consummate Pro. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Crail (Balcomie)". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Crail Golfing Society (Balcomie Links)". Golf Travel Scotland. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ a b "Crieff (Ferntower)". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ a b "Crieff Golf Club - Ferntower Course". golfboo.com. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Cruden Bay Golf Club". Golf Europe. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Cullen Links". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Cullen Links Golf Course". Visit Moray Speyside. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Dunbar Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Played by NCG: Dunbar". National Club Golfer. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Dunkeld and Birnam Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Forfar Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Forfar Golf Club turbine plan 'would have Old Tom Morris turning in his grave'". The Courier (Dundee). Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Glasgow Golf Club (Killermont)". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Glasgow Golf Club". Golfshake.com Ltd. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Elie". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Elie Golf Club". The Consummate Pro. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Helensburgh Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Helensburgh Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "1812 Kinghorn". Scottish Golf History. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "King James VI Golf Club". PSP Media Group. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Kingussie Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Kingussie Golf Club". Fairways of the World.com. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Kirkcaldy Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Ladybank Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "History". Ladybank Golf Club. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Lanark Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Lanark". Fine Golf. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Leslie Golf Club". Golfshake.com Ltd. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Leven Links". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Leven Links Golf Course". VisitScotland. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Luffness New Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "1872 Old Luffness - Luffness New and Gullane 2". Scottish Golf History. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Lundin Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Lundin Golf Club". Visit Fife Golf. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Machrihanish Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Machrihanish Golf Club". Plant Golf. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Montrose (1562)". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-09.
- ^ "Montrose Golf Links Limited" (PDF). Montrose Golf Links. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Moray (Old)". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-09.
- ^ "Moray Golf Club". The Consummate Pro. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Muirfied - Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Muirfield Links". northberwick.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Nairn Dunbar Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Mackenzie & Ebert in progress with changes at Nairn". Tudor Rose (Golf Course Architecture). Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Club History". Newtonmore Golf Club. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "North Berwick Golf Club (West)". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Ben Sayers Golf Clubs Awarded First Prize at 1920 Trade Exhibition". northberwick.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "North Inch Golf Course". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Panmure Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Panmure Golf Club". leadingcourses.com. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Prestwick Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Royal Burgess Golfing Society". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Royal Dornoch Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Royal Dornoch Golf Club". Bauer Consumer Media. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Tom Morris Golf Courses In Scotland". All Square. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ a b "Old Course at St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland". Golf Advisor. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Tom Morris Golf Courses In Scotland". Ru Macdoanld – Scottish Golf Podcast. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "St Andrews (New)". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "New Course". standrewsopen.com/. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "St Andrews (Old)". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "The Old Course". The Consummate Pro. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Stirling Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Stirling Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Strathpeffer Spa Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Strathpeffer Spa Golf Club". Golf Advisor. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Tain Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Tain Golf Club". VisitScotland. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Tarland Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Thornhill Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "There is nothing quite like a trip 'Home' to Scotland". Yorkshire Golfer. Batley: League Weekly. September 2019. p. 20. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "The West Kilbride Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "The West Kilbride Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ a b "Cleeve Hill Golf Course". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "The Need to Save Cleeve Hill Golf Club". Golfshake.com Ltd. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "The best links course you've never thought of playing". National Club Golfer. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Dewsbury District Golf Club". PSP Media Group. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Kendal Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Kettering Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Kettering Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Kirby Muxloe Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Kirby Muxloe Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Lindrick Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Lindrick". National Club Golfer. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Mitcham Golf Club". London Golf Guide. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Newcastle United Golf Club". England Golf. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Northampton Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Ramsey Golf Club". Bauer Media Group. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Royal Cromer Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Royal Cromer". National Club Golfer. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Royal North Devon Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Royal North Devon". National Club Golfer. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Wallasey". National Club Golfer. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Wallasey Golf Club". where2golf.com. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Warkworth Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "West Herts Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "West Herts Golf Club". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Annesley Links". Golf Now. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Royal County Down Golf Club - Annesley Links". Golf Advisor. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Royal County Down (Championship)". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Royal County Down Golf Club - Annesley Links". Golf Advisor. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Royal Portrush (Dunluce)". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Royal Portrush". The New York Times. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Lahinch Golf Club". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Lahinch". The Consummate Pro. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ^ "Rosapenna Golf Links (Old Tom Morris)". Top 100 Golf Courses. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Rosapenna, Old Tom Morris Links". The Consummate Pro. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ "Castletown Golf Links in Isle of Man". Digital Sports Rights Ltd. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Pwllheli Golf Club". Isle of Man Government. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ^ "Pwllheli Golf Club". PSP Media Group. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
Further reading Edit
- David Malcolm (1 July 2011). Tom Morris of St Andrews: The Colossus of Golf 1821 - 1908. Birlinn. ISBN 978-0-85790-107-1.
- William Tulloch (7 November 2010). The Soul of St. Andrews: The Life of Old Tom Morris. Fireship Press. ISBN 978-1-61179-056-6.
- Tulloch William Weir (14 October 2018). The Life of Tom Morris. Creative Media Partners, LLC. ISBN 978-0-343-11940-9.
- Roger McStravick (2015). St Andrews in the Footsteps of Old Tom Morris. Saint Andrews Golf Press. ISBN 978-0-9571643-6-9.
External links Edit
- "A Sporting Nation: Old Tom Morris". BBC.