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List of defunct hard disk manufacturers

January 01, 1970

Main article: History of hard disk drives § Manufacturing history

At least 218 companies have manufactured hard disk drives (HDDs) since 1956. Most of that industry has vanished through bankruptcy or mergers and acquisitions. None of the first several entrants (including IBM, who invented the HDD) continue in the industry today. Only three manufacturers have survived—Seagate, Toshiba and Western Digital (WD)—all of which grew at least in part through mergers and acquisitions.[1]

Diagram of consolidation

Manufacturers edit

The following is a partial list of defunct hard disk manufacturers. There are currently 119 manufacturers in this incomplete list.

Name Country of origin Year of market entry Year of market exit Fate Notes References
3M United States 1981 1983 HDD assets sold to Disc Tech One [2]
Alps Electric Japan ? 2008 HDD assets sold to TDK [3]
Amcodyne United States 1983 1986 Acquried by Century Data Systems [4][5]
Ampex United States 1970 ? ? [6]
Anelex Corporation United States 1964 1967 Acquired by Mohawk Data Sciences [7][8]
Areal Technology United States 1987 1999 Acquired by Tomen Electronics and Sanyo in 1993, dissolved in 1998 Manufactured the first HDDs employing glass as the substrate for their platters [9]
Atasi United States 1982 1987 Acquired by Tandon [10][11]
Aura Associates United States 1992 ? ? [12]
Avatar Systems United States 1991 1998 Bankruptcy [13][14][15]
BASF Germany 1970 1982 HDD assets sold to Kennedy Company [16][17]
Brand Technologies United States 1986 ? ? [18]
Bryant Computer Products United States 1959 1972 Dissolution Renamed to XLO Computer Products in 1972 [19]
Bull Peripheral United States 1984 1989 Acquired by Seagate Technology American subsidiary of CII-Honeywell-Bull [20]
Burroughs United States 1964 ? ? [21]
C. Itoh Japan 1985 ? ? [22]
Castlewood Systems United States 1999 2004 Bankruptcy
Caelus Memories United States 1967 1969 Acquired by Electronic Memories & Magnetics [23][24][25]
CalComp United States 1972 1979 HDD assets sold to Xerox [26]
Calluna Technology Scotland 1992 2001 Dissolution [27][28]
Cardiff Peripherals United States 1987 ? ? [29]
Century Data Systems United States 1968 1972 Acquired by CalComp in 1972; later sold to Xerox in 1979 [26]
CII-Honeywell-Bull France 1975 1989 HDD business acquired by Seagate Technology Resold drives through partnership with Magnetic Peripherals; CII-Honeywell-Bull was itself a joint venture between Compagnie Internationale d'Informatique, Honeywell, and Groupe Bull [30]
Cogito Systems United States 1983 1985 Dissolution [31][32]
Comport United States 1988 1991 Dissolution [33][34]
Computer Memories, Inc. United States 1979 1986 Exited the HDD business
Computer Memory Devices United States 1969 1971 Dissolution [35][36][37]
Conner Peripherals United States 1985 1996 Acquired by Seagate Technology
Cornice United States 2000 2007 Dissolution [38][39]
Data Disc United States 1962 1977 Acquired by Datapoint [40][41]
Data General United States 1969 ? ?
Datapoint Japan 1977 1984 HDD assets sold to Xebec Corporation [41][42]
Dataproducts United States 1962 ? Exited the HDD business
Data Recording Instrument United Kingdom 1970 1988 Acquired by FKI First company to manufactured HDDs in Europe [43][44][45]: 289 
Data-Tech Memories United States 1986 1989 Dissolution [46][47]: 133 
Diablo Systems United States 1969 1972 Acquired by Xerox [48]
Digital Equipment Corporation United States 1969 1993 Exited the HDD business [49]
Disc Tech One United States 1983 1984 Acquired by Life Tech Industries [50][51]
Disctron United States 1982 1983 Dissolution Spin-off of Computer & Communications Technology [52][53]
DMA Systems United States 1981 1985 Dissolution [54]
DZU AD Bulgaria 1968 1999 Dissolution Originally a state-owned entity, later converted to private company; HDD assets dispersed between 1997 and 1999 [45]: 289 [55]
Ecol. 2 United States 1990 1993 Dissolution Never produced any drives beyond prototypes [56]
Electronic Memories & Magnetics United States 1969 1985 Acquired by Titan Systems [57][25]
Emulex United States 1979 1992 HDD assets spun off as QLogic
Epson Japan 1985 1987 Left the HDD business [58][59]
Espert South Korea 1990 ? Dissolution [60]
ExcelStor Technology China 2000 2008 Dissolution
Fuji Electric Japan 1985 2011 Exited the HDD business [61][62]
Fujitsu Japan 1963 2009 HDD assets sold to Toshiba [63][64]
General Electric United States 1962 1970 HDD assets sold to Honeywell [65][66]
GS Magicstor China 2003 ? Dissolution [67]
Hewlett-Packard United States 1979 1996 Exited the HDD business Manufactured the first 1.3-inch HDDs [68][69]
HGST United States 2003 2018 Acquired by Western Digital Hitachi's HDD business after acquiring IBM's HDD assets
Hitachi United States 1967 2018 HDD assets sold to Western Digital [63]
Hokushin Electric Works Japan 1980 ? ? [45]: 289 [70]
Hyosung South Korea ? ? ? [47]: 138 
IBM United States 1956 2003 HDD assets sold to Hitachi Inventors of the HDD; HDD assets briefly spun off to AdStar between 1992 and 1995
Information Storage Systems United States 1969 1973 Acquired by Itel Corporation; later sold to Sperry Univac [71][72][73]
Intégral Peripherals United States 1990 1998 Acquired by H&Q Asia Pacific Manufactured the first 1.8-inch HDDs [74][75]
International Memories United States 1977 1984 Merged with Onyx Systems to become Dorado Micro Systems, later Onyx-IMI; left the HDD business in 1984; HDD business sold to Fujhin Electronic Computer Co. in 1985 [76][77][78][79][80]
Iomec United States 1969 1975 Acquired by Data 100 [81][82]
Iomega United States 1995 2008 Acquired by EMC Corporation
ИЗОТ [ru] (English: ISOT) Bulgaria 1962 1991 Dissolution State-owned entity
Josephine County Technology United States 1984 1986 Dissolution [83][84][85]
JT Storage United States 1994 1999 Dissolution
JVC Japan 1986 ? ? [86]
Kalok United States 1987 1994 Acquired by JT Storage [87][88]
Kennedy United States 1977 1988 Dissolution [89][90]
Kyocera Japan 1984 1991 Exited the HDD business [91][92]
LaPine Technologies United States 1984 1987 Bankruptcy [93][94][95]
Librascope United States 1961 1968 Acquired by Singer Corporation [96]
Magnetic Peripherals United States 1975 1989 Acquired by Seagate Technology Joint venture between Control Data and CII-Honeywell-Bull; later known as Imprimis Technology
Marshall Laboratories United States 1968 1969 Dissolution [97][98]
Matsushita Japan 1989 2000 ca. Exited the HDD business Originally as a licensee of Quantum [99]
Maxtor United States 1982 2006 Acquired by Seagate Technology
Memorex United States 1968 1981 Acquired by Burroughs Corporation; HDD assets later sold to Toshiba Manufactured the first HDD subsystems that were plug-compatible with IBM's
Microcomputer Memories United States 1983 1986 Bankruptcy [100][101]
Micropolis United States 1986 1996 HDD assets sold to Singapore Technology
Microscience International United States 1982 1993 Bankruptcy [102][103]
MiniScribe United States 1980 1990 Acquired by Maxtor
MiniStor Peripherals United States 1991 1995 Bankruptcy Manufactured the first PC Card HDDs [104][105]
Mitsubishi Japan 1968 2002 HDD assets sold to Showa Denko [63][106]
Mitsumi Electric Japan ? ? ?
NCR United States 1964 ? ? [107]
NEC Japan 1965 2002 Exited the HDD business [63][108]
Newbury Data United Kingdom 1984 1988 Acquired by FKI [109][110]
Nippon Electric Industry Japan 1983 ? ? [111]
Nippon Peripherals Japan 1971 1986 Dissolution [112][113][114]
Nomaï France 1992 1998 Acquired by Iomega
Ohio Scientific United States 1980 1980 Acquired by M/A-COM [115]
Okidata Japan 1973 1980 HDD business acquired by Ohio Scientific [116][117][118]
Olivetti OPE Italy 1981 ? Left the HDD business [119][120]
Orca Technology United States 1990 1992 Bankruptcy; HDD assets sold to Samsung Electronics in 1995 [121][122]
Otari Japan 1985 ? Exited the HDD business [123]
Pertec Computer United States 1971 1987 Acquired by Triumph-Adler [124][125]
Philips Netherlands ? ? ? [45]: 289 
Plus Development United States 1983 1993 Dissolution Inventors of the hardcard
Potter Instrument United States 1968 1975 Bankruptcy [126][127][128]
PrairieTek United States 1985 1991 Bankruptcy Manufactured the first 2.5-inch HDDs
Priam United States 1978 1991 HDD assets sold to Prima International
Peripheral Technology United States 1985 1990 Dissolution [129][130]
Quantum United States 1980 2000 HDD assets sold to Maxtor
Ricoh Japan 1985 ? Exited the HDD business [131]
Rodime Scotland 1979 1991 Exited the HDD business Manufactured the first 3.5-inch HDDs
Rotating Memory Systems United States 1981 1982 Acquired by Computer & Communications Technology [132][133]
SAGEM France ? ? Exited the HDD business
Samsung Electronics South Korea 1988 2011 HDD assets sold to Seagate Technology [134][135]
Sequel United States 1989 1991 Bankruptcy Spin-off of Memorex's HDD business after the latter was acquired by Unisys [136][137]
Shugart Associates United States 1979 1985 Acquired by Xerox in 1977; assets liquidated in 1985
Siemens Germany ? ? ? [45]: 289 
Storage Technology Corporation United States 1969 2005 Acquired by Sun Microsystems
SyQuest Technology United States 1982 1999 HDD assets sold to Iomega
Tandon United States 1981 1988 HDD assets sold to Western Digital [138][139]
TEAC Japan ? ? ?
Texas Instruments United States 1981 ? Exited the HDD business First company to second-source Seagate's ST-506, the first 5.25-inch HDD [140][141][142]
Tokico Japan ? ? ? [47]: 166 
Tulin United States 1982 1991 Dissolution [143][144]
Vertex Peripherals United States 1982 1985 Acquired by Priam Corporation [145][146]
Xebec United States 1974 ? ? Originally named Microcomputer Systems Corporation; 1410 SCSI controller formed the basis of IBM PC's hard disk controller [147][148]
YE-Data Japan ? 1995 Exited the HDD business [47]: 169–170 [149]

See also edit

References edit

General references
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Further reading edit

  • Wong, Poh-Kam (July 1999). (PDF). Centre for Management of Innovation and Technopreneurship, National University of Singapore: The Information Storage Industry Center, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California. Report 99–03. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2017.

January 01, 1970
list, defunct, hard, disk, manufacturers, main, article, history, hard, disk, drives, manufacturing, history, least, companies, have, manufactured, hard, disk, drives, hdds, since, 1956, most, that, industry, vanished, through, bankruptcy, mergers, acquisition. Main article History of hard disk drives Manufacturing history At least 218 companies have manufactured hard disk drives HDDs since 1956 Most of that industry has vanished through bankruptcy or mergers and acquisitions None of the first several entrants including IBM who invented the HDD continue in the industry today Only three manufacturers have survived Seagate Toshiba and Western Digital WD all of which grew at least in part through mergers and acquisitions 1 Diagram of consolidation Contents 1 Manufacturers 2 See also 3 References 4 Further readingManufacturers editThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items January 2024 The following is a partial list of defunct hard disk manufacturers There are currently 119 manufacturers in this incomplete list Name Country of origin Year of market entry Year of market exit Fate Notes References 3M United States 1981 1983 HDD assets sold to Disc Tech One 2 Alps Electric Japan 2008 HDD assets sold to TDK 3 Amcodyne United States 1983 1986 Acquried by Century Data Systems 4 5 Ampex United States 1970 6 Anelex Corporation United States 1964 1967 Acquired by Mohawk Data Sciences 7 8 Areal Technology United States 1987 1999 Acquired by Tomen Electronics and Sanyo in 1993 dissolved in 1998 Manufactured the first HDDs employing glass as the substrate for their platters 9 Atasi United States 1982 1987 Acquired by Tandon 10 11 Aura Associates United States 1992 12 Avatar Systems United States 1991 1998 Bankruptcy 13 14 15 BASF Germany 1970 1982 HDD assets sold to Kennedy Company 16 17 Brand Technologies United States 1986 18 Bryant Computer Products United States 1959 1972 Dissolution Renamed to XLO Computer Products in 1972 19 Bull Peripheral United States 1984 1989 Acquired by Seagate Technology American subsidiary of CII Honeywell Bull 20 Burroughs United States 1964 21 C Itoh Japan 1985 22 Castlewood Systems United States 1999 2004 Bankruptcy Caelus Memories United States 1967 1969 Acquired by Electronic Memories amp Magnetics 23 24 25 CalComp United States 1972 1979 HDD assets sold to Xerox 26 Calluna Technology Scotland 1992 2001 Dissolution 27 28 Cardiff Peripherals United States 1987 29 Century Data Systems United States 1968 1972 Acquired by CalComp in 1972 later sold to Xerox in 1979 26 CII Honeywell Bull France 1975 1989 HDD business acquired by Seagate Technology Resold drives through partnership with Magnetic Peripherals CII Honeywell Bull was itself a joint venture between Compagnie Internationale d Informatique Honeywell and Groupe Bull 30 Cogito Systems United States 1983 1985 Dissolution 31 32 Comport United States 1988 1991 Dissolution 33 34 Computer Memories Inc United States 1979 1986 Exited the HDD business Computer Memory Devices United States 1969 1971 Dissolution 35 36 37 Conner Peripherals United States 1985 1996 Acquired by Seagate Technology Cornice United States 2000 2007 Dissolution 38 39 Data Disc United States 1962 1977 Acquired by Datapoint 40 41 Data General United States 1969 Datapoint Japan 1977 1984 HDD assets sold to Xebec Corporation 41 42 Dataproducts United States 1962 Exited the HDD business Data Recording Instrument United Kingdom 1970 1988 Acquired by FKI First company to manufactured HDDs in Europe 43 44 45 289 Data Tech Memories United States 1986 1989 Dissolution 46 47 133 Diablo Systems United States 1969 1972 Acquired by Xerox 48 Digital Equipment Corporation United States 1969 1993 Exited the HDD business 49 Disc Tech One United States 1983 1984 Acquired by Life Tech Industries 50 51 Disctron United States 1982 1983 Dissolution Spin off of Computer amp Communications Technology 52 53 DMA Systems United States 1981 1985 Dissolution 54 DZU AD Bulgaria 1968 1999 Dissolution Originally a state owned entity later converted to private company HDD assets dispersed between 1997 and 1999 45 289 55 Ecol 2 United States 1990 1993 Dissolution Never produced any drives beyond prototypes 56 Electronic Memories amp Magnetics United States 1969 1985 Acquired by Titan Systems 57 25 Emulex United States 1979 1992 HDD assets spun off as QLogic Epson Japan 1985 1987 Left the HDD business 58 59 Espert South Korea 1990 Dissolution 60 ExcelStor Technology China 2000 2008 Dissolution Fuji Electric Japan 1985 2011 Exited the HDD business 61 62 Fujitsu Japan 1963 2009 HDD assets sold to Toshiba 63 64 General Electric United States 1962 1970 HDD assets sold to Honeywell 65 66 GS Magicstor China 2003 Dissolution 67 Hewlett Packard United States 1979 1996 Exited the HDD business Manufactured the first 1 3 inch HDDs 68 69 HGST United States 2003 2018 Acquired by Western Digital Hitachi s HDD business after acquiring IBM s HDD assets Hitachi United States 1967 2018 HDD assets sold to Western Digital 63 Hokushin Electric Works Japan 1980 45 289 70 Hyosung South Korea 47 138 IBM United States 1956 2003 HDD assets sold to Hitachi Inventors of the HDD HDD assets briefly spun off to AdStar between 1992 and 1995 Information Storage Systems United States 1969 1973 Acquired by Itel Corporation later sold to Sperry Univac 71 72 73 Integral Peripherals United States 1990 1998 Acquired by H amp Q Asia Pacific Manufactured the first 1 8 inch HDDs 74 75 International Memories United States 1977 1984 Merged with Onyx Systems to become Dorado Micro Systems later Onyx IMI left the HDD business in 1984 HDD business sold to Fujhin Electronic Computer Co in 1985 76 77 78 79 80 Iomec United States 1969 1975 Acquired by Data 100 81 82 Iomega United States 1995 2008 Acquired by EMC Corporation IZOT ru English ISOT Bulgaria 1962 1991 Dissolution State owned entity Josephine County Technology United States 1984 1986 Dissolution 83 84 85 JT Storage United States 1994 1999 Dissolution JVC Japan 1986 86 Kalok United States 1987 1994 Acquired by JT Storage 87 88 Kennedy United States 1977 1988 Dissolution 89 90 Kyocera Japan 1984 1991 Exited the HDD business 91 92 LaPine Technologies United States 1984 1987 Bankruptcy 93 94 95 Librascope United States 1961 1968 Acquired by Singer Corporation 96 Magnetic Peripherals United States 1975 1989 Acquired by Seagate Technology Joint venture between Control Data and CII Honeywell Bull later known as Imprimis Technology Marshall Laboratories United States 1968 1969 Dissolution 97 98 Matsushita Japan 1989 2000 ca Exited the HDD business Originally as a licensee of Quantum 99 Maxtor United States 1982 2006 Acquired by Seagate Technology Memorex United States 1968 1981 Acquired by Burroughs Corporation HDD assets later sold to Toshiba Manufactured the first HDD subsystems that were plug compatible with IBM s Microcomputer Memories United States 1983 1986 Bankruptcy 100 101 Micropolis United States 1986 1996 HDD assets sold to Singapore Technology Microscience International United States 1982 1993 Bankruptcy 102 103 MiniScribe United States 1980 1990 Acquired by Maxtor MiniStor Peripherals United States 1991 1995 Bankruptcy Manufactured the first PC Card HDDs 104 105 Mitsubishi Japan 1968 2002 HDD assets sold to Showa Denko 63 106 Mitsumi Electric Japan NCR United States 1964 107 NEC Japan 1965 2002 Exited the HDD business 63 108 Newbury Data United Kingdom 1984 1988 Acquired by FKI 109 110 Nippon Electric Industry Japan 1983 111 Nippon Peripherals Japan 1971 1986 Dissolution 112 113 114 Nomai France 1992 1998 Acquired by Iomega Ohio Scientific United States 1980 1980 Acquired by M A COM 115 Okidata Japan 1973 1980 HDD business acquired by Ohio Scientific 116 117 118 Olivetti OPE Italy 1981 Left the HDD business 119 120 Orca Technology United States 1990 1992 Bankruptcy HDD assets sold to Samsung Electronics in 1995 121 122 Otari Japan 1985 Exited the HDD business 123 Pertec Computer United States 1971 1987 Acquired by Triumph Adler 124 125 Philips Netherlands 45 289 Plus Development United States 1983 1993 Dissolution Inventors of the hardcard Potter Instrument United States 1968 1975 Bankruptcy 126 127 128 PrairieTek United States 1985 1991 Bankruptcy Manufactured the first 2 5 inch HDDs Priam United States 1978 1991 HDD assets sold to Prima International Peripheral Technology United States 1985 1990 Dissolution 129 130 Quantum United States 1980 2000 HDD assets sold to Maxtor Ricoh Japan 1985 Exited the HDD business 131 Rodime Scotland 1979 1991 Exited the HDD business Manufactured the first 3 5 inch HDDs Rotating Memory Systems United States 1981 1982 Acquired by Computer amp Communications Technology 132 133 SAGEM France Exited the HDD business Samsung Electronics South Korea 1988 2011 HDD assets sold to Seagate Technology 134 135 Sequel United States 1989 1991 Bankruptcy Spin off of Memorex s HDD business after the latter was acquired by Unisys 136 137 Shugart Associates United States 1979 1985 Acquired by Xerox in 1977 assets liquidated in 1985 Siemens Germany 45 289 Storage Technology Corporation United States 1969 2005 Acquired by Sun Microsystems SyQuest Technology United States 1982 1999 HDD assets sold to Iomega Tandon United States 1981 1988 HDD assets sold to Western Digital 138 139 TEAC Japan Texas Instruments United States 1981 Exited the HDD business First company to second source Seagate s ST 506 the first 5 25 inch HDD 140 141 142 Tokico Japan 47 166 Tulin United States 1982 1991 Dissolution 143 144 Vertex Peripherals United States 1982 1985 Acquired by Priam Corporation 145 146 Xebec United States 1974 Originally named Microcomputer Systems Corporation 1410 SCSI controller formed the basis of IBM PC s hard disk controller 147 148 YE Data Japan 1995 Exited the HDD business 47 169 170 149 See also editHistory of hard disk drives List of computer hardware manufacturers List of hard disk manufacturers List of solid state drive manufacturersReferences editGeneral references McKendrick David November 1997 Sustaining Competitive Advantage in Global Industries Technological Change and Foreign Assembly in the Hard Disk Drive Industry Archived from the original on February 9 2014 Retrieved August 3 2011 Specific references Maleval Jean Jacques March 28 2013 History List of 221 Companies in HDD Manufacturing Since 1956 Computer Data Storage Newsletter Micro Journal Archived from the original on March 31 2013 Gross Steve August 10 1983 3M says it plans to give up making disk drive units Star Tribune 7B via Newspapers com Alps to sell hard disk head assets to rival TDK Electronic Engineering Times UBM LLC March 19 2007 Archived from the original on January 10 2024 Danish Paul July 19 1983 Amcodyne pioneers removable hard disk Journal of Commerce and Commercial 357 UBM Global Trade 6A via Gale Century Data to Acquire Colorado Disk Drive Firm Los Angeles Times 8 September 16 1986 Archived from the original on January 10 2024 Piasta Frank October 28 1970 First Ampex Disk Drive System Is 2314 Compatible Computerworld IV 43 CW Communications 21 via the Internet Archive Memory Systems Computers and Automation XIII 6 Berkeley Enterprises 42 June 1964 via the Internet Archive Stockholder Blessing on 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worth of disk drives InfoWorld 3 25 IDG Publications 7 via Google Books O Dell John May 24 1988 Western Digital Bought Patent Problems When It Acquired Hard Disk Operation Los Angeles Times 14 Archived from the original on February 24 2021 Hogan Thom May 25 1981 It s Enough to Disk Drive You Crazy InfoWorld 3 10 IDG Publications 44 46 via Google Books Free John October 1982 The amazing Winchester Popular Science 221 4 Times Mirror Magazines 88 90 via Google Books Sehr Robert A February 1983 Amlyn DriveTec push minifloppy capacities to more than 3M bytes Mini Micro Systems XVI 2 Cahners Publishing 26 32 via the Internet Archive Start Up Funded by ITT Eyes Half Height 5 25 Inch Winchester Fray Computer Systems News 129 UBM LLC 29 August 15 1983 via Gale Tulin Corporation OpenCorporates n d Archived from the original on January 10 2024 Merger spurs Priam layoff Computerworld XIX 16 IDG Publications 95 April 22 1985 via Google Books Melbourne s Florida Data names new president Florida Today 14C July 17 1982 via Newspapers com Moody s Handbook of NASDAQ Stocks Moody s Investor Service 1985 via Google Books Kaufman Steve March 1 1985 Xebec Attempting to Chart a Course Back to Recovery Morning Call B10 via ProQuest Belderbos Rene 1997 Japanese Electronics Multinationals and Strategic Trade Policies Clarendon Press pp 84 86 ISBN 9780198233329 via Google Books Further reading editWong Poh Kam July 1999 The Dynamics of the HDD Industry Development in Singapore PDF Centre for Management of Innovation and Technopreneurship National University of Singapore The Information Storage Industry Center Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies University of California Report 99 03 Archived from the original PDF on July 17 2012 Retrieved March 27 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of defunct hard disk manufacturers amp oldid 1208992897, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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