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List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)

December 15, 2023

This is a list of the butterflies of family Papilionidae (superfamily Papilionoidea), or the swallowtails, which are found in India. This family of large and beautiful butterflies is well represented with 89 species found within Indian borders.[1] Two of the three papilionid subfamilies are represented in India, namely, the Parnassiinae or Apollos, with 19 species, and the Papilioninae or swallowtails, with 70 species.

Three Indian swallowtails mud-puddling:
Blue Mormon (Papilio polymnestor), common Mormon (Papilio polytes) and common bluebottle (Graphium sarpedon). (left to right anticlockwise)
The five-bar swordtail (Graphium antiphates)
A pair of common peacocks (Papilio bianor)
Malabar banded peacock (Papilio buddha), an endemic species of the coastal forests

The area of India falls in the Indomalayan realm, except for the Himalayas above and beyond the foothills adjoining the Indo-Gangetic Plains, and which fall in the Palearctic realm,[2] resulting in increased diversity of papilionid butterflies, especially the Parnassiini or snow Apollos, all species of which are Palearctic.

Indian swallowtails are spread over all the biomes/ecoregions of India. The Malabar banded peacock (Papilio buddha) and the Malabar banded swallowtail (Papilio liomedon) fly at sea level while the Apollos (Parnassius species), are to be found only in the highest alpine meadows of the Himalayas. Some species such as the common Mormon (Papilio polytes) and the blue Mormon (Papilio polymnestor) fly at ground level whereas others, such as the tailed jay (Graphium agamemnon) are normally found flying high in the forest canopy. The lime butterfly (Papilio demoleus) is a creature of arid scrub-land, occasionally being spotted even in the Thar Desert, while the tropical evergreen forests have their own representatives, such as the red Helen (Papilio helenus), the common bluebottle (Graphium cloanthus) and the Malabar raven (Papilio dravidarum).[3] Indian papilionids such as the common Mormon (Papilio polytes) and great Mormon (Papilio memnon) show polymorphism with many mimetic female forms.[4][5]

Amongst swallowtails, endemism is found only in the Western Ghats. Notable endemics are the southern birdwing (Troides minos), Malabar banded swallowtail (Papilio liomedon), Malabar raven (Papilio dravidarum), Malabar rose (Pachliopta pandiyana) and the Malabar banded peacock (Papilio buddha).[6]

This list is based on A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India by R. K. Varshney and Peter Smetacek (2015).[7]

Subfamily Papilioninae edit

The swallowtails are generally easily identified in the field by their large size, prominent markings, colour, patterns and variable wing and tail shape.

Tribe Troidini edit

Troides Huebner, [1819] – birdwings edit

The birdwings, as the Troides butterflies are called are large, yellow-and-black coloured butterflies, two species of which are found in the forests of the Himalayas and one species in the Western Ghats. These are the largest butterflies found in India.

Red-bodied swallowtails

The genera Losaria, Pachliopta and Byasa of the Indian Troidini are commonly called as the red-bodied swallowtails along with the Atrophaneura. They were formerly considered to be subgenera under genus Atrophaneura till several authorities elevated them to genus level in their publications (e.g. LepIndex; GLoBIS; Racheli & Cotton (2010)).[8][9][10][11] These butterflies sequester toxins from plants and are inedible or poisonous to predators. They also have warning colouration, a phenomenon also known as aposematism. The red-bodied swallowtails are involved in Batesian mimicry complexes as aposematic models which are mimicked by edible species.

Atrophaneura Reakirt, [1865] – batwings edit

Red-bodied swallowtails with black wings hat are found in low elevation forests along the Himalayas and the Northeast of India.

Byasa Moore, 1882 – windmills edit

Black-coloured red-bodied swallowtails with elongated wings, prominent white and red spots, and tails that are found in low elevation forests along the Himalayas and the Northeast of India.

Losaria Moore, 1902 – clubtails edit

Red-bodied swallowtails with club-shaped tails that are found in low elevation forests along the Himalayas and the Northeast of India.

Pachliopta Reakirt, [1865] – roses edit

Red-bodied swallowtails commonly found all over India (except for the endemic Malabar rose), which serve as aposematic models for Papilio polytes in Batesian mimicry complex.

Tribe Papilionini edit

Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 – swallowtails edit

Black-bodied swallowtails, often distinctively marked, some widely distributed, which are edible and form Batesian mimicry complexes with danaines or red-bodied swallowtails. Some species are polymorphic, mostly in the female forms.

Papilio (Chilasa) – mimes edit
 
Tawny mime

Medium-sized tailless swallowtail butterflies which mimic the milkweed butterflies, which they fly alongside, both in appearance and methods of flight. Except for the Common Mime which is also found in peninsular India, they are confined to the lower Himalayas and Northeast India.

Papilio (Papilio) – yellow swallowtails edit
 
Common yellow swallowtail
species group machaon
Papilio (Princeps) – Mormons, Helens, ravens edit
species group demodocus
species group demolion
species group polytes
species group helenus
Large, tailed, black butterflies with prominent yellow patch on upper hindwing markings, which occur along the low elevation forests of the Himalayas, the Western Ghats and some peninsular Indian forests.
species group memnon
Large, tailless, black butterflies with blue and white markings, which occur along the low elevation forests of the Himalayas, the Western Ghats and some peninsular Indian forests. Despite the name, only the great Mormon is polymorphic.
species group protenor
Large tailless swallowtails which are black above with no white marking and which do not have basal red markings below. Found in Himayas and Northeast India in low elevation jungles.
 
Tailed redbreast, (Papilio bootes)
species group bootes
species group castor
Tailless black or blackish-brown butterflies with white markings, the females or both sexes of which mimic inedible milkweed butterflies.
Papilio (Achillides) – peacocks edit
 
Paris peacock

Large strong-flying black butterflies with distinctive colourful markings, most species of which occur along the low elevation forests of the Himalayas while a few species occur in the Western Ghats and some peninsular Indian forests.

species group paris
species group: palinurus
 
Chinese yellow swallowtail
Papilio (Sinoprinceps) – Chinese swallowtails edit
species group: xuthus

Tribe Leptocircini edit

Graphium Scopoli, 1777 – bluebottles, jays, swordtails and zebras edit

Graphium (Graphium) – bluebottles and jays edit
Graphium (Paranticopsis) – zebras edit

The zebras are tailless swallowtails found in the Himalayas and Northeast that mimic the aposematic bluish-white Danaus milkweed butterflies.

Swordtails

These butterflies, formerly Graphium, are now divided into two genera Pathysa and Pazala. They are large white butterflies with black bars in the cells of the forewings, and the hindwings each bearing a long sword-like tail. They are butterflies of hilly forests from the Himalayas to the Northeast, except for the fivebar swordtail which also flies in the Western Ghats and the spot swordtail which is also found in peninsular India and the Indo-Gangetic plains.

Graphium (Pathysa) – swordtails edit
 
Spot swordtail
Graphium (Pazala) – swordtails edit
  •  
    Sixbar swordtail
    Graphium eurous
  •  
    Spectacle swordtail
    Graphium mandarinus

Lamproptera Gray, 1832 – dragontails edit

Lamproptera or dragontails, are small swallowtail butterflies with large tails found in the tropical and subtropical forests of Northeast India, and further East.

Tribe Teinopalpini edit

Teinopalpus Hope, 1843 – Kaiser-e-Hind edit

 
Kaiser-e-Hind

The Kaiser-i-Hind is a rare species of swallowtail butterfly found from Nepal and north India eastwards to north Vietnam. The common name literally means "Emperor of India", and it is much sought after by butterfly collectors for its beauty and rarity.

Meandrusa Moore, 1888 – hooked swallowtails edit

Large sombre-coloured swallowtails with triangular forewings with concave outer margins, sinuously margined hindwing and long outwardly-curved spatulate tail. Found in low elevation forests along the central and eastern Himalayas and the Northeast.

Subfamily Parnassiinae edit

 
Bhutan glory
 
Common blue Apollo
 
Common red Apollo

The Parnassiinae include about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow high-altitude butterflies that are distributed across Asia, Europe and North America, of which 19 species fly in India.

Tribe Zerynthiini edit

Bhutanitis Atkinson, 1873 – Bhutan glory edit

The genus Bhutanitis contains large butterflies that are black with thin white stripes above, have red and yellow tornal patches on the hindwing, and a number of tails, which are found in the region of Bhutan, Northeast India, Myanmar, Thailand and South China.

Tribe Parnassiini edit

Parnassius Latreille, 1804 – Apollos edit

The Apollos, genus Parnassius are high altitude palearctic butterflies that are different in appearance from other swallowtails, being of moderate size, with white ground colour, and spotted with red, black and blue.

Subgenus Parnassius Latreille, 1804
Subgenus Kailasius Moore, 1902
Subgenus Koramius Moore, 1902
Subgenus Tadumia Moore, 1902
Subgenus Lingamius Bryk, 1935
Subgenus Kreizbergia Korshunov, 1990

See also edit

Cited references edit

  1. ^ Evans (1932) states, in a table on pg 23, the number of papilionids in the Indian subcontinent as 90; 15 species being found in Ceylon, 19 in South India, 6 in Baluchistan, 11 in Chitral, 31 in the western Himalayas, 69 in Northeast India, 50 in southern Myanmar and 13 in the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Wynter-Blyth (1957) gives a modified version of the same table on p. 12, where the overall number of species is 94; with differences being in total number of species for Northeast Himalayas (62) and Myanmar (66). The present list is based on the IUCN red data book, with corrections made by subsequent editors especially in the Parnassiinae. Kunte (2000) on p. 55 mentions a total of 107 species with 19 in peninsular India. Varshney & Smetacek (2015), which this article follows, lists 89 species.
  2. ^ Udvardy, M.D.F. (1975). A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world (PDF) (Report). IUCN Occasional Paper. IUCN, Morges, Switzerland. pp. 20–24, 28–30. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  3. ^ Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. pp. 55–58, chapter 5.1. ISBN 978-8173713545.
  4. ^ Clarke, C. A.; Sheppard, P. M. & Thornton, I. W. B. "The Genetics of the Mimetic Butterfly Papilio memnon L." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London. (B – Biological Sciences) 22 August 1968 vol. 254 no. 791 37–89. Abstract. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
  5. ^ Clarke, C. A. & Sheppard, P. M. "The Genetics of the Mimetic Butterfly Papilio polytes L." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London. (Series B, Biological Sciences) Vol. 263, No. 855 (16 March 1972), pp. 431–458. Abstract. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
  6. ^ Kehimkar, Isaac (2009). The Book of Indian Butterflies. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society. p. 38; 497. ISBN 978-0-19-569620-2. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
  7. ^ Varshney, R.K.; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  8. ^ Fernando, E.; Jangid, A.K.; Kehimkar, I.; Lo, P.; Moonen, J. (2019). Byasa crassipes (Report). The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species 2019. IUCN. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T121971897A122602141.en.
  9. ^ Beccaloni, G. W.; Scoble, Malcolm; Kitching, Ian; Simonsen, Thomas; Robinson, Gaden; Pitkin, Brian; Hine, Adrian; Lyal, Chris, eds. (January 2018). "LepIndex : The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex)" (World Wide Web electronic publication). Natural History Museum, London. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  10. ^ Häuser, Christoph L.; de Jong, Rienk; Lamas, Gerardo; Robbins, Robert K.; Smith, Campbell; Vane-Wright, Richard I. (28 July 2005). "Papilionidae – revised GloBIS/GART species checklist (2nd draft)". Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  11. ^ Racheli, T.; Cotton, A.M. (2010). Guide to the Butterflies of the Palearctic Region: Papilionidae part II,Subfamily Papilioninae, Tribe Troidini. Milano: Omnes Artes.
  12. ^ White, A. (1842): Notice of two New Species of Papilio from Penang, presented to the British Museum by Sir Wm. Norris. The Entomologist 1 (17), pp. 280.[1] 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
  13. ^ Xu ZB, Wang YY, Condamine FL, Cotton AM, Hu SJ. Are the Yellow and Red Marked Club-Tail Losaria coon the Same Species?. Insects. 2020;11(6):392. Published 2020 Jun 24. doi:10.3390/insects11060392
  14. ^ Gabriel, A.G. (1942). "A new species of Bhutanitis (Lep. Papilionidae)". The Entomologist. 75: 189.

Further reading edit

 
Woodcut of red Helen (Papilio helenus) from C. T. Bingham's The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma volume on butterflies
  • Chattopadhyay, Jagannath (2007). Swallowtail Butterflies, Biology and Ecology of a few Indian Species. Kolkata, India: Desh Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-905719-1-3.
  • Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  • Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
  • Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
  • Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
  • Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.

December 15, 2023
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This is a list of the butterflies of family Papilionidae superfamily Papilionoidea or the swallowtails which are found in India This family of large and beautiful butterflies is well represented with 89 species found within Indian borders 1 Two of the three papilionid subfamilies are represented in India namely the Parnassiinae or Apollos with 19 species and the Papilioninae or swallowtails with 70 species Three Indian swallowtails mud puddling Blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor common Mormon Papilio polytes and common bluebottle Graphium sarpedon left to right anticlockwise The five bar swordtail Graphium antiphates A pair of common peacocks Papilio bianor Malabar banded peacock Papilio buddha an endemic species of the coastal forestsThe area of India falls in the Indomalayan realm except for the Himalayas above and beyond the foothills adjoining the Indo Gangetic Plains and which fall in the Palearctic realm 2 resulting in increased diversity of papilionid butterflies especially the Parnassiini or snow Apollos all species of which are Palearctic Indian swallowtails are spread over all the biomes ecoregions of India The Malabar banded peacock Papilio buddha and the Malabar banded swallowtail Papilio liomedon fly at sea level while the Apollos Parnassius species are to be found only in the highest alpine meadows of the Himalayas Some species such as the common Mormon Papilio polytes and the blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor fly at ground level whereas others such as the tailed jay Graphium agamemnon are normally found flying high in the forest canopy The lime butterfly Papilio demoleus is a creature of arid scrub land occasionally being spotted even in the Thar Desert while the tropical evergreen forests have their own representatives such as the red Helen Papilio helenus the common bluebottle Graphium cloanthus and the Malabar raven Papilio dravidarum 3 Indian papilionids such as the common Mormon Papilio polytes and great Mormon Papilio memnon show polymorphism with many mimetic female forms 4 5 Amongst swallowtails endemism is found only in the Western Ghats Notable endemics are the southern birdwing Troides minos Malabar banded swallowtail Papilio liomedon Malabar raven Papilio dravidarum Malabar rose Pachliopta pandiyana and the Malabar banded peacock Papilio buddha 6 This list is based on A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India by R K Varshney and Peter Smetacek 2015 7 Contents 1 Subfamily Papilioninae 1 1 Tribe Troidini 1 1 1 Troides Huebner 1819 birdwings 1 1 2 Atrophaneura Reakirt 1865 batwings 1 1 3 Byasa Moore 1882 windmills 1 1 4 Losaria Moore 1902 clubtails 1 1 5 Pachliopta Reakirt 1865 roses 1 2 Tribe Papilionini 1 2 1 Papilio Linnaeus 1758 swallowtails 1 2 1 1 Papilio Chilasa mimes 1 2 1 2 Papilio Papilio yellow swallowtails 1 2 1 3 Papilio Princeps Mormons Helens ravens 1 2 1 4 Papilio Achillides peacocks 1 2 1 5 Papilio Sinoprinceps Chinese swallowtails 1 3 Tribe Leptocircini 1 3 1 Graphium Scopoli 1777 bluebottles jays swordtails and zebras 1 3 1 1 Graphium Graphium bluebottles and jays 1 3 1 2 Graphium Paranticopsis zebras 1 3 1 3 Graphium Pathysa swordtails 1 3 1 4 Graphium Pazala swordtails 1 3 2 Lamproptera Gray 1832 dragontails 1 4 Tribe Teinopalpini 1 4 1 Teinopalpus Hope 1843 Kaiser e Hind 1 4 2 Meandrusa Moore 1888 hooked swallowtails 2 Subfamily Parnassiinae 2 1 Tribe Zerynthiini 2 1 1 Bhutanitis Atkinson 1873 Bhutan glory 2 2 Tribe Parnassiini 2 2 1 Parnassius Latreille 1804 Apollos 3 See also 4 Cited references 5 Further readingSubfamily Papilioninae editThe swallowtails are generally easily identified in the field by their large size prominent markings colour patterns and variable wing and tail shape Tribe Troidini edit Troides Huebner 1819 birdwings edit The birdwings as the Troides butterflies are called are large yellow and black coloured butterflies two species of which are found in the forests of the Himalayas and one species in the Western Ghats These are the largest butterflies found in India Common birdwing Troides helena Linnaeus 1758 Southern birdwing Troides minos Cramer 1779 Golden birdwing Troides aeacus C Felder amp R Felder 1860 nbsp Common birdwing Troides helena nbsp Southern birdwing Troides minos nbsp Golden birdwing Troides aeacus Red bodied swallowtailsThe genera Losaria Pachliopta and Byasa of the Indian Troidini are commonly called as the red bodied swallowtails along with the Atrophaneura They were formerly considered to be subgenera under genus Atrophaneura till several authorities elevated them to genus level in their publications e g LepIndex GLoBIS Racheli amp Cotton 2010 8 9 10 11 These butterflies sequester toxins from plants and are inedible or poisonous to predators They also have warning colouration a phenomenon also known as aposematism The red bodied swallowtails are involved in Batesian mimicry complexes as aposematic models which are mimicked by edible species Atrophaneura Reakirt 1865 batwings edit Red bodied swallowtails with black wings hat are found in low elevation forests along the Himalayas and the Northeast of India Lesser batwing Atrophaneura aidoneus Doubleday 1845 Common batwing Atrophaneura varuna A White 1842 12 nbsp Lesser batwing Atrophaneura aidoneus nbsp Common batwing Atrophaneura varuna Byasa Moore 1882 windmills edit Black coloured red bodied swallowtails with elongated wings prominent white and red spots and tails that are found in low elevation forests along the Himalayas and the Northeast of India Common windmill Byasa polyeuctes Doubleday 1842 Rose windmill Byasa latreillei Donovan 1826 Neville s windmill Byasa nevilli Wood Mason 1882 De Niceville s windmill Byasa polla de Niceville 1897 nbsp Common windmill Byasa polyeuctes nbsp Rose windmill Byasa latreillei nbsp Neville s windmill Byasa nevilli nbsp De Niceville s windmill Byasa polla Great windmill Byasa dasarada Moore 1858 Black windmill Byasa crassipes Oberthur 1893 Chinese windmill Byasa plutonius Oberthur 1876 nbsp Great windmill Byasa dasarada nbsp Black windmill Byasa crassipes nbsp Pemberton s windmill Byasa plutonius Losaria Moore 1902 clubtails edit Red bodied swallowtails with club shaped tails that are found in low elevation forests along the Himalayas and the Northeast of India Common clubtail earlier Losaria coon Fabricius 1793 now Losaria doubledayi Wallace 1885 13 Andaman clubtail Losaria rhodifer Butler 1876 nbsp Common clubtail Losaria coon nbsp Andaman clubtail Losaria rhodifer Pachliopta Reakirt 1865 roses edit Red bodied swallowtails commonly found all over India except for the endemic Malabar rose which serve as aposematic models for Papilio polytes in Batesian mimicry complex Common rose Pachliopta aristolochiae Fabricius 1775 Crimson rose Pachliopta hector Linnaeus 1758 Malabar rose Pachliopta pandiyana Moore 1881 nbsp Common rose Pachliopta aristolochiae nbsp Crimson rose Pachliopta hector nbsp Malabar rose Pachliopta pandiyana Tribe Papilionini edit Papilio Linnaeus 1758 swallowtails edit Black bodied swallowtails often distinctively marked some widely distributed which are edible and form Batesian mimicry complexes with danaines or red bodied swallowtails Some species are polymorphic mostly in the female forms Papilio Chilasa mimes edit nbsp Tawny mime Papilio agestor Medium sized tailless swallowtail butterflies which mimic the milkweed butterflies which they fly alongside both in appearance and methods of flight Except for the Common Mime which is also found in peninsular India they are confined to the lower Himalayas and Northeast India Tawny mime Papilio agestor Gray 1831 Lesser mime Papilio epycides Hewitson 1864 Blue striped mime Papilio slateri Hewitson 1859 Great blue mime Papilio paradoxa Zinken 1831 Common mime Papilio clytia Linnaeus 1758 nbsp Lesser mime Papilio epycides nbsp Blue striped mime Papilio slateri nbsp Great blue mime Papilio paradoxus nbsp Common mime Papilio clytia Papilio Papilio yellow swallowtails edit nbsp Common yellow swallowtail Papilio machaon species group machaonCommon yellow swallowtail Papilio machaon Linnaeus 1758 dd Papilio Princeps Mormons Helens ravens edit species group demodocusLime butterfly Papilio demoleus Linnaeus 1758 dd species group demolionMalabar banded swallowtail Papilio liomedon Moore 1875 dd species group polytesCommon Mormon Papilio polytes Linnaeus 1758 dd nbsp Lime butterfly Papilio demoleus nbsp Malabar banded swallowtail Papilio liomedon nbsp Common Mormon Papilio polytes species group helenusLarge tailed black butterflies with prominent yellow patch on upper hindwing markings which occur along the low elevation forests of the Himalayas the Western Ghats and some peninsular Indian forests Red Helen Papilio helenus Linnaeus 1758 Yellow Helen Papilio nephelus Boisduval 1836 Andaman Helen Papilio prexaspes C Felder amp R Felder 1865 dd nbsp Red Helen Papilio helenus nbsp Yellow Helen Papilio nephelus nbsp Andaman Helen Papilio prexaspes species group memnonLarge tailless black butterflies with blue and white markings which occur along the low elevation forests of the Himalayas the Western Ghats and some peninsular Indian forests Despite the name only the great Mormon is polymorphic Great Mormon Papilio memnon Linnaeus 1758 Blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor Cramer 1775 Andaman Mormon Papilio mayo Atkinson 1874 dd nbsp Great Mormon Papilio memnon nbsp Blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor nbsp Anadaman Mormon Papilio mayo species group protenorLarge tailless swallowtails which are black above with no white marking and which do not have basal red markings below Found in Himayas and Northeast India in low elevation jungles Spangle Papilio protenor Cramer 1775 Redbreast Papilio alcmenor C Felder amp R Felder 1864 dd nbsp Spangle Papilio protenor nbsp Redbreast Papilio alcmenor nbsp Tailed redbreast Papilio bootes species group bootesTailed redbreast Papilio bootes Westwood 1842 dd species group castorTailless black or blackish brown butterflies with white markings the females or both sexes of which mimic inedible milkweed butterflies Common raven Papilio castor Westwood 1842 Malabar raven Papilio dravidarum Wood Mason 1880 dd nbsp Common raven Papilio castor nbsp Malabar raven Papilio dravidarum Papilio Achillides peacocks edit nbsp Paris peacock Papilio paris Large strong flying black butterflies with distinctive colourful markings most species of which occur along the low elevation forests of the Himalayas while a few species occur in the Western Ghats and some peninsular Indian forests species group parisBlue peacock Papilio arcturus Westwood 1842 Common peacock Papilio bianor Cramer 1777 Yellow crested spangle Papilio elephenor Doubleday 1845 Paris peacock Papilio paris Linnaeus 1758 Krishna peacock Papilio krishna Moore 1858 dd nbsp Blue peacock Papilio arcturus nbsp Common peacock Papilio bianor nbsp Yellow crested spangle Papilio elephenor nbsp Krishna peacock Papilio krishna species group palinurusCommon banded peacock Papilio crino Fabricius 1793 Malabar banded peacock Papilio buddha Westwood 1872 dd nbsp Common banded peacock Papilio crino nbsp Malabar banded peacock Papilio buddha nbsp Chinese yellow swallowtail Papilio xuthus Papilio Sinoprinceps Chinese swallowtails edit species group xuthusChinese yellow swallowtail Papilio xuthus Linnaeus 1767 dd Tribe Leptocircini edit Graphium Scopoli 1777 bluebottles jays swordtails and zebras edit Graphium Graphium bluebottles and jays edit Common bluebottle Graphium sarpedon Linnaeus 1758 Glassy bluebottle Graphium cloanthus Westwood 1841 Common jay Graphium doson C Felder amp R Felder 1864 Tailed jay Graphium agamemnon Linnaeus 1758 nbsp Common bluebottle Graphium sarpedon nbsp Glassy bluebottle Graphium cloanthus nbsp Common jay Graphium doson nbsp Tailed jay Graphium agamemnon Spotted jay Graphium arycles Boisduval 1836 Veined jay Graphium chironides Honrath 1884 Great jay Graphium eurypylus Linnaeus 1758 Scarce jay Graphium albociliates Fruhstorfer 1901 nbsp Spotted jay Graphium arycles nbsp Veined jay Graphium chiron nbsp Great jay Graphium eurypylus Graphium Paranticopsis zebras edit The zebras are tailless swallowtails found in the Himalayas and Northeast that mimic the aposematic bluish white Danaus milkweed butterflies Great zebra Graphium xenocles Doubleday 1842 Lesser zebra Graphium macareus Godart 1819 Spotted zebra Graphium megarus Westwood 1844 nbsp Great zebra Graphium xenocles nbsp Lesser zebra Graphium macareus nbsp Spotted zebra Graphium megarus SwordtailsThese butterflies formerly Graphium are now divided into two genera Pathysa and Pazala They are large white butterflies with black bars in the cells of the forewings and the hindwings each bearing a long sword like tail They are butterflies of hilly forests from the Himalayas to the Northeast except for the fivebar swordtail which also flies in the Western Ghats and the spot swordtail which is also found in peninsular India and the Indo Gangetic plains Graphium Pathysa swordtails edit nbsp Spot swordtail Pathysa nomius Fourbar swordtail Graphium agetes Westwood 1843 Fivebar swordtail Graphium antiphates Cramer 1775 Chain swordtail Graphium aristeus Stoll 1780 Andaman swordtail Graphium epaminondas Oberthur 1879 Spot swordtail Graphium nomius Esper 1799 nbsp Fourbar swordtail Graphium agetes nbsp Fivebar swordtail Graphium antiphates nbsp Chain swordtail Graphium aristeus nbsp Andaman swordtail Graphium epaminondas Graphium Pazala swordtails edit Sixbar swordtail Graphium eurous Leech 1893 Spectacle swordtail Graphium mandarinus Oberthur 1879 nbsp Sixbar swordtailGraphium eurous nbsp Spectacle swordtailGraphium mandarinusLamproptera Gray 1832 dragontails edit Lamproptera or dragontails are small swallowtail butterflies with large tails found in the tropical and subtropical forests of Northeast India and further East Green dragontail Lamproptera meges Zinken 1831 White dragontail Lamproptera curius Fabricius 1787 nbsp Green dragontail Lamproptera meges nbsp White dragontail Lamproptera curius Tribe Teinopalpini edit Teinopalpus Hope 1843 Kaiser e Hind edit nbsp Kaiser e Hind Teinopalpus imperialis The Kaiser i Hind is a rare species of swallowtail butterfly found from Nepal and north India eastwards to north Vietnam The common name literally means Emperor of India and it is much sought after by butterfly collectors for its beauty and rarity Kaiser e Hind Teinopalpus imperialis Hope 1843Meandrusa Moore 1888 hooked swallowtails edit Large sombre coloured swallowtails with triangular forewings with concave outer margins sinuously margined hindwing and long outwardly curved spatulate tail Found in low elevation forests along the central and eastern Himalayas and the Northeast Brown gorgon Meandrusa lachinus Fruhstorfer 1902 Yellow gorgon Meandrusa payeni Boisduval 1836 nbsp Brown gorgon Meandrusa lachinus nbsp Yellow gorgon Meandrusa payeni Subfamily Parnassiinae edit nbsp Bhutan glory Bhutanitis lidderdalii nbsp Common blue Apollo Parnassius hardwickii nbsp Common red Apollo Parnassius epaphus The Parnassiinae include about 50 medium sized white or yellow high altitude butterflies that are distributed across Asia Europe and North America of which 19 species fly in India Tribe Zerynthiini edit Bhutanitis Atkinson 1873 Bhutan glory edit The genus Bhutanitis contains large butterflies that are black with thin white stripes above have red and yellow tornal patches on the hindwing and a number of tails which are found in the region of Bhutan Northeast India Myanmar Thailand and South China Bhutan glory Bhutanitis lidderdalii Atkinson 1873 Ludlow s Bhutan glory Bhutanitis ludlowi Gabriel 1942 14 Tribe Parnassiini edit Parnassius Latreille 1804 Apollos edit The Apollos genus Parnassius are high altitude palearctic butterflies that are different in appearance from other swallowtails being of moderate size with white ground colour and spotted with red black and blue Subgenus Parnassius Latreille 1804Scarce red Apollo Parnassius actius Eversmann 1843 Common red Apollo Parnassius epaphus Oberthur 1879 Keeled Apollo Parnassius jacquemontii Boisduval 1836 Large keeled Apollo Parnassius tianschianicus Oberthur 1879 dd Subgenus Kailasius Moore 1902Regal Apollo Parnassius charltonius Gray 1853 Stately Apollo Parnassius loxias Pungeler 1901 Noble Apollo Parnassius augustus Fruhstorfer 1903 Dusky Apollo Parnassius acdestis Grum Grshimailo 1891 dd Subgenus Koramius Moore 1902Karakoram banded Apollo Parnassius hunza Grum Grshimailo 1888 Scarce banded Apollo Parnassius mamaeivi Bang Haas 1915 Greater banded Apollo Parnassius stenosemus Honrath 1890 Lesser banded Apollo Parnassius stoliczkanus C Felder amp R Felder 1865 Himalayan banded Apollo Parnassius kumaonensis Riley 1926 dd Subgenus Tadumia Moore 1902Varnished Apollo Parnassius acco Gray 1853 Royal Apollo Parnassius maharaja Avinoff 1916 dd Subgenus Lingamius Bryk 1935Common blue Apollo Parnassius hardwickii Gray 1831 dd Subgenus Kreizbergia Korshunov 1990Black edged Apollo Parnassius simo Gray 1853 dd See also editPapilionidae List of butterflies of IndiaCited references edit Evans 1932 states in a table on pg 23 the number of papilionids in the Indian subcontinent as 90 15 species being found in Ceylon 19 in South India 6 in Baluchistan 11 in Chitral 31 in the western Himalayas 69 in Northeast India 50 in southern Myanmar and 13 in the Andaman and Nicobar islands Wynter Blyth 1957 gives a modified version of the same table on p 12 where the overall number of species is 94 with differences being in total number of species for Northeast Himalayas 62 and Myanmar 66 The present list is based on the IUCN red data book with corrections made by subsequent editors especially in the Parnassiinae Kunte 2000 on p 55 mentions a total of 107 species with 19 in peninsular India Varshney amp Smetacek 2015 which this article follows lists 89 species Udvardy M D F 1975 A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world PDF Report IUCN Occasional Paper IUCN Morges Switzerland pp 20 24 28 30 Retrieved 10 May 2020 Kunte Krushnamegh 2000 Butterflies of Peninsular India India A Lifescape Hyderabad India Universities Press pp 55 58 chapter 5 1 ISBN 978 8173713545 Clarke C A Sheppard P M amp Thornton I W B The Genetics of the Mimetic Butterfly Papilio memnon L Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B Biological Sciences 22 August 1968 vol 254 no 791 37 89 Abstract Retrieved 20 January 2010 Clarke C A amp Sheppard P M The Genetics of the Mimetic Butterfly Papilio polytes L Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London Series B Biological Sciences Vol 263 No 855 16 March 1972 pp 431 458 Abstract Retrieved 20 January 2010 Kehimkar Isaac 2009 The Book of Indian Butterflies Mumbai Bombay Natural History Society p 38 497 ISBN 978 0 19 569620 2 Retrieved 21 October 2010 Varshney R K Smetacek Peter 2015 A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India Butterfly Research Centre Bhimtal amp Indinov Publishing New Delhi Retrieved 20 April 2020 Fernando E Jangid A K Kehimkar I Lo P Moonen J 2019 Byasa crassipes Report The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species 2019 IUCN doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2019 3 RLTS T121971897A122602141 en Beccaloni G W Scoble Malcolm Kitching Ian Simonsen Thomas Robinson Gaden Pitkin Brian Hine Adrian Lyal Chris eds January 2018 LepIndex The Global Lepidoptera Names Index LepIndex World Wide Web electronic publication Natural History Museum London Retrieved 1 May 2020 Hauser Christoph L de Jong Rienk Lamas Gerardo Robbins Robert K Smith Campbell Vane Wright Richard I 28 July 2005 Papilionidae revised GloBIS GART species checklist 2nd draft Retrieved 14 May 2020 Racheli T Cotton A M 2010 Guide to the Butterflies of the Palearctic Region Papilionidae part II Subfamily Papilioninae Tribe Troidini Milano Omnes Artes White A 1842 Notice of two New Species of Papilio from Penang presented to the British Museum by Sir Wm Norris The Entomologist 1 17 pp 280 1 Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Xu ZB Wang YY Condamine FL Cotton AM Hu SJ Are the Yellow and Red Marked Club Tail Losaria coon the Same Species Insects 2020 11 6 392 Published 2020 Jun 24 doi 10 3390 insects11060392 Gabriel A G 1942 A new species of Bhutanitis Lep Papilionidae The Entomologist 75 189 Further reading edit nbsp Woodcut of red Helen Papilio helenus from C T Bingham s The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma volume on butterfliesChattopadhyay Jagannath 2007 Swallowtail Butterflies Biology and Ecology of a few Indian Species Kolkata India Desh Prakashan ISBN 978 81 905719 1 3 Collins N Mark Morris Michael G 1985 Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World The IUCN Red Data Book Gland amp Cambridge IUCN ISBN 978 2 88032 603 6 via Biodiversity Heritage Library Evans W H 1932 The Identification of Indian Butterflies 2nd ed Mumbai India Bombay Natural History Society Haribal Meena 1992 The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History Gangtok Sikkim India Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation Kunte Krushnamegh 2000 Butterflies of Peninsular India India A Lifescape Hyderabad India Universities Press ISBN 978 8173713545 Wynter Blyth Mark Alexander 1957 Butterflies of the Indian Region Bombay India Bombay Natural History Society ISBN 978 8170192329 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of butterflies of India Papilionidae amp oldid 1170408256, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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