List of chancellors of Austria

The chancellor of Austria is the head of government of Austria, appointed by the president and viewed as the country's de facto chief executive. The chancellor chairs and leads the Cabinet, which also includes the vice-chancellor and the ministers.^[2]

Clockwise from top left:

• Renner was the first chancellor of German-Austria, the First Republic, and the Second Republic.
• Dollfuss turned the First Republic into a dictatorship.
• For most of his incumbency, Kurz was the world's youngest head of government.
• Kreisky is considered perhaps Austria's most successful Socialist leader.^[1]

Following World War I, the office was established by the Provisional National Assembly on 30 October 1918 and named state chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria, and its first holder, Karl Renner, was appointed by the State Council. After the Allied powers denied German-Austria to merge with the Weimar Republic,^[3] the country formed the federal First Austrian Republic and the office was renamed from state chancellor to federal chancellor. The first federal chancellor was Michael Mayr. There have been ten chancellors who served under the First Republic until Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss created the authoritarian and dictatorial Federal State of Austria.^[4] Following Dollfuss's assassination by Austrian National Socialists,^[5] Kurt Schuschnigg succeeded him as chancellor and upheld the dictatorship.^[6] Schuschnigg was replaced by Arthur Seyss-Inquart, a Nazi caretaker who held the office for two days, until Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany.^[7]

Austria under National Socialism lost its original republican system of government and was administered by Reichsstatthalter Arthur Seyss-Inquart (1938–1939), Reich Commissioner Josef Bürckel^[8] (1939–1940) and Reichsstatthalter Baldur von Schirach^[9] (1940–1945). In 1940, the country was renamed Ostmark, completely lost its autonomy, and became a sub-national division of Nazi Germany.^[10][11] After the liberation of Vienna and the capitulation of Nazi Germany in 1945, Austria restored its republican form of government.^[12] However, Austria remained under allied occupation until 1955^[13] and thus the country's sovereignty was ultimately still held by the Allied Control Council.

Since the institution of the republic, the People's Party and the Social Democratic Party have largely dominated Austrian politics; the People's Party (and its predecessor, the Christian Social Party) have led nineteen cabinets and served as a junior partner in eight, while the Social Democratic Party (formerly the Social Democratic Workers' Party) has led eleven and served as a junior partner in five. There have been seven parties that never held the chancellorship but participated in coalition cabinets: the Greater German People's Party in five, the Freedom Party and the Landbund in four, the Fatherland Front in two, and the Greens, the Alliance for the Future and the Communist Party in one.

Following a legislative election or in the case of a vacancy, the president conventionally picks the leader of the largest party in Parliament to serve as chancellor, and appoints the remaining members of the Cabinet based on the chancellor's recommendation. If a sitting chancellor dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to exercise the powers and duties of the office, the vice-chancellor becomes acting chancellor. If the vice-chancellor is unavailable, the other members of the Cabinet take over in order of seniority.^[14]

Bruno Kreisky was the longest-serving chancellor, with more than thirteen years in office, while Arthur Seyss-Inquart was the shortest-serving chancellor, with two days in office, and Walter Breisky was the shortest-serving acting chancellor, with only one day in office.

Chancellors

‡ Acting chancellors

Key to parties
Austrian People's Party / Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP)   1891–1934: Christian Social Party / Christlichsoziale Partei (CS)   2017–present: New People's Party / Neue Volkspartei	Social Democratic Party of Austria / Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ)	1889–1934: Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria / Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs (SDAPÖ)   Freedom Party of Austria / Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ)	Alliance for the Future of Austria / Bündnis Zukunft Österreich (BZÖ)   Communist Party of Austria / Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ)   The Greens / die Grünen

Key to historical parties
1920–1934: Greater German People's Party / Großdeutsche Volkspartei (GDVP)	1922–1934: Rural Federation / Landbund (LBd)   1920–1936: Homeland Guard / Heimwehr	1933–1938: Fatherland Front / Vaterländische Front (VF)	1920–1945: National Socialist German Worker's Party / Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP)

First Republic (1918–1938)

#	Party		Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Election	Cabinet coalition	Ref. and notes
1		SDAPÖ		Karl Renner (1870–1950)	30 October 1918	7 July 1920	1 year, 251 days	1919	Renner I–II–III • SDAPÖ • CS • GDVP	^[15]^[16]^[17] ^[a]^[b]
2		CS		Michael Mayr (1864–1922)	7 July 1920	21 June 1921	349 days	1920	Mayr I–II • CS • SDAPÖ	^[18] ^[c]
3		IND		Johannes Schober (1874–1932)	21 June 1921	26 January 1922	344 days	–	Schober I • CS • GDVP • Technocrats	^[19]
4		CS		Walter Breisky (1871–1944)	26 January 1922	27 January 1922	1 day	–	Breisky • CS • GDVP	^[20]
5		IND		Johannes Schober (1874–1932)	27 January 1922	31 May 1922	124 days	–	Schober II • CS • GDVP • Technocrats	^[21]
6		CS		Ignaz Seipel (1876–1932)	31 May 1922	20 November 1924	2 years, 173 days	1923	Seipel I–II–III • CS • GDVP • Technocrats	^[22]
7		CS		Rudolf Ramek (1881–1941)	20 November 1924	20 October 1926	1 year, 334 days	–	Ramek I–II • CS • GDVP	^[23]
8		CS		Ignaz Seipel (1876–1932)	20 October 1926	4 May 1929	2 years, 196 days	1927	Seipel IV–V • CS • GDVP • LBd	^[citation needed]
9		CS		Ernst Streeruwitz (1874–1952)	4 May 1929	26 September 1929	145 days	–	Streeruwitz • CS • LBd	^[24]
10		IND		Johannes Schober (1874–1932)	26 September 1929	30 September 1930	1 year, 4 days	–	Schober III • CS	^[citation needed]
11		CS		Carl Vaugoin (1873–1949)	30 September 1930	4 December 1930	65 days	–	Vaugoin • CS	^[25]
12		CS		Otto Ender (1875–1960)	4 December 1930	20 June 1931	198 days	1930	Ender • CS	^[26]
13		CS		Karl Buresch (1878–1936)	20 June 1931	20 May 1932	335 days	–	Buresch I–II • CS • LBd	^[27]
14		CS		Engelbert Dollfuss (1892–1934)	20 May 1932	25 July 1934	2 years, 66 days	–	Dollfuss I • CS • LBd • Heimwehr 20 May 1932 – 1 May 1934 Dollfuss II • VF 1 May 1934 – 25 July 1934	^[28]
		VF
15		VF		Kurt Schuschnigg (1897–1977)	25 July 1934	11 March 1938	3 years, 225 days	–	Schuschnigg I–II–III–IV–V • VF	^[29]
16		NSDAP		Arthur Seyss-Inquart (1892–1946)	11 March 1938	13 March 1938	2 days	–	Seyss-Inquart • NSDAP	^[30]^[31]
17		SPÖ		Karl Renner (1870–1950)	27 April 1945	20 December 1945	237 days	–	Renner IV • SPÖ • ÖVP • KPÖ	^[32]^[33]^[34] ^[d]
18		ÖVP		Leopold Figl (1902–1965)	20 December 1945	2 April 1953	7 years, 103 days	1945	Figl I–II–III • ÖVP • SPÖ	^[35]
								1949
19		ÖVP		Julius Raab (1891–1964)	2 April 1953	11 April 1961	8 years, 9 days	1953	Raab I–II–III–IV • ÖVP • SPÖ	^[36]
								1956
								1959
20		ÖVP		Alfons Gorbach (1898–1972)	11 April 1961	2 April 1964	2 years, 357 days	1962	Gorbach I–II • ÖVP • SPÖ	^[37]
21		ÖVP		Josef Klaus (1910–2001)	2 April 1964	21 April 1970	6 years, 19 days	–	Klaus I • ÖVP • SPÖ	^[38]
								1966	Klaus II • ÖVP
22		SPÖ		Bruno Kreisky (1911–1990)	21 April 1970	24 May 1983	13 years, 33 days	1970	Kreisky I–II–III–IV • SPÖ	^[39]
								1971
								1975
								1979
23		SPÖ		Fred Sinowatz (1929–2008)	24 May 1983	16 June 1986	3 years, 23 days	1983	Sinowatz • SPÖ • FPÖ	^[40]
24		SPÖ		Franz Vranitzky (born 1937)	16 June 1986	28 January 1997	10 years, 226 days	1986	Vranitzky I–II • SPÖ • FPÖ	^[41]
								1990	Vranitzky III–IV–V • SPÖ • ÖVP
								1994
								1995
25		SPÖ		Viktor Klima (born 1947)	28 January 1997	4 February 2000	3 years, 7 days	–	Klima • SPÖ • ÖVP	^[42]
26		ÖVP		Wolfgang Schüssel (born 1945)	4 February 2000	11 January 2007	6 years, 341 days	1999	Schüssel I • ÖVP • FPÖ 4 February 2000 – 3 April 2005 Schüssel II • ÖVP • BZÖ 3 April 2005 – 11 January 2007	^[43]
								2002
27		SPÖ		Alfred Gusenbauer (born 1960)	11 January 2007	2 December 2008	1 year, 326 days	2006	Gusenbauer • SPÖ • ÖVP	^[44]
28		SPÖ		Werner Faymann (born 1960)	2 December 2008	9 May 2016	7 years, 159 days	2008	Faymann I–II • SPÖ • ÖVP	^[45]
								2013
29		SPÖ		Christian Kern (born 1966)	17 May 2016	18 December 2017	1 year, 215 days	–	Kern • SPÖ • ÖVP	^[46]
30		ÖVP		Sebastian Kurz (born 1986)	18 December 2017	28 May 2019	1 year, 161 days	2017	Kurz I • ÖVP • FPÖ 18 December 2017 – 22 May 2019 • ÖVP 22 May 2019 – 28 May 2019	^[47]
31		IND		Brigitte Bierlein (born 1949)	3 June 2019	7 January 2020	218 days	–	Bierlein • Technocrats	^[48]^[49]
32		ÖVP		Sebastian Kurz (born 1986)	7 January 2020	11 October 2021	1 year, 277 days	2019	Kurz II • ÖVP • Greens	^[50]
33		ÖVP		Alexander Schallenberg (born 1969)	11 October 2021	6 December 2021	56 days	–	Schallenberg • ÖVP • Greens	^[51]
34		ÖVP		Karl Nehammer (born 1972)	6 December 2021	Incumbent	1 year, 268 days	–	Nehammer • ÖVP • Greens	^[52]

Timeline

See also

• History of Austria
• Politics of Austria
• Elections in Austria
• President of Austria
• List of presidents of Austria
• Vice-Chancellor of Austria
• List of political parties in Austria

Notes

1. Renner initially served as State Chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria until 21 October 1919, and thereafter as State Chancellor of the Republic of Austria.
2. The chancellor is appointed by the president of Austria. However, since the office of president was only established in 1920, Renner was instead appointed by the State Council.
3. Office renamed from "State Chancellor" to "Federal Chancellor" on 10 November 1920.
4. After the Red Army freed Vienna from the Nazi Regime, Renner formed a cabinet under Soviet rule. The cabinet was accepted by the Soviets on 27 April 1945 and recognized by all states of Austria as well as the Allied Control Council in September 1945.

References

1. "Power limited for Austrian foreign minister, fan of Bruno Kreisky, critic of Juncker". euractiv.com. 19 December 2017. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
2. . bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
3. "Treaty of Saint-Germain". Britannica. Retrieved 2019-03-11.
4. "First Republic and the Anschluss". Britannica. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
5. "The assassination of Engelbert Dollfuss, July 25, 1934". eclecticatbest.com. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
6. "Kurt von Schuschnigg". Britannica. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
7. "Arthur Seyss-Inquart". Britannica. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
8. "Josef Bürckel". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
9. "Baldur von Schirach". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
10. "Gesetz über Gebietsveränderungen in Österreich". alex.onb.ac.a (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
11. "Anschluss". Britannica. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
12. "The years of the Allied Forces in Vienna". wien.gv.at. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
13. "Full text of the Austrian State Treaty" (PDF). treaties.un.org. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
14. "Art. 69 B-VG". jusline.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-04.
15. "Dr. Karl Renner" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
16. "Bundesregierung (Österreich)". austria-forum.org (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
17. "Staatsregierung Renner I". anno.onb.ac.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
18. "Dr. Michael Mayr" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
19. "abs. iur. DDDr. h.c Johannes Schober" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
20. "abs. iur. DDDr. h.c Johannes Schober" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
21. "abs. iur. DDDr. h.c Johannes Schober" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
22. "Dr. Ignaz Seipel" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
23. "Dr. Rudolf Ramek" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
24. "Ernst Streeruwitz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
25. "Carl Vaugoin" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
26. "Dr. Otto Ender" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
27. "Dr. Karl Buresch" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
28. "Dr. Karl Buresch" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
29. "Dr. Kurt Schuschnigg" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
30. "Arthur Seyss-Inquart". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-05.
31. "Dr. Arthur Seyss-Inquart" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2021-10-29.
32. "Bundeskanzler seit 1945". bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-03.
33. "Kanzler und Regierungen seit 1945". bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
34. "Karl Renner (Politiker)". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
35. "Dipl.-Ing. DDDr. h.c. Leopold Figl" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
36. "Ing. DDDr. Julius Raab" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
37. "Dr. Alfons Gorbach" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
38. "Dr. Josef Klaus" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
39. "Dr. Bruno Kreisky" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
40. "Dr. Fred Sinowatz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
41. "Dipl.-Kfm. Dr. Franz Vranitzky" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
42. "Mag. Viktor Klima" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
43. "Dr. Wolfgang Schüssel" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
44. "Dr. Alfred Gusenbauer" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
45. "Werner Faymann" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
46. "Mag. Christian Kern" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
47. "Sebastian Kurz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
48. "Kabinett Bierlein angelobt". orf.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-03.
49. "Dr. Brigitte Bierlein" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
50. "Sebastian Kurz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
51. "Schallenberg set to replace Kurz as Austria's chancellor". Euronews. 11 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
52. Welle (dw.com), Deutsche. "Austria: Karl Nehammer sworn in as new chancellor | DW | 06.12.2021". DW.COM. Retrieved 2021-12-06.

External links

• Official website of the Austrian Chancellery
• List of Chancellors since 1945 on the Chancellery website