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Christian Social Party (Austria)

July 06, 2023

The Christian Social Party (German: Christlichsoziale Partei, CS or CSP) was a major conservative political party in the Cisleithanian crown lands of Austria-Hungary and under the First Austrian Republic, from 1891 to 1934. The party was affiliated with Austrian nationalism that sought to keep Catholic Austria out of the State of Germany founded in 1871, which it viewed as Protestant and Prussian-dominated; it identified Austrians on the basis of their predominantly Catholic religious identity as opposed to the predominantly Protestant religious identity of the Prussians.[2]

Christian Social Party
Christlichsoziale Partei
FounderKarl Lueger
Founded1891; 132 years ago (1891)
Dissolved1934; 89 years ago (1934)
Merged intoFatherland Front
HeadquartersVienna, Austria
IdeologySocial conservatism[1]
Political Catholicism[1]
Austrian nationalism[2]
Antisemitism[3][4]
Right-wing populism[3]
Corporatism[1]
Monarchism (until 1918,
later factions)[5][6]
Political positionRight-wing[7]
ReligionRoman Catholicism

History

Foundation

 
Lueger (2nd from right) and CS party fellows, about 1905

The party emerged in the run-up to the 1891 Imperial Council (Reichsrat) elections under the populist Vienna politician Karl Lueger (1844–1910). Referring to ideas developed by the Christian Social movement under Karl von Vogelsang (1818–1890) and the Christian Social Club of Workers, it was oriented towards the petit bourgeoisie[8] and clerical-Catholic; there were many priests in the party, including the later Austrian chancellor Ignaz Seipel, which attracted many votes from the tradition-bound rural population. As a social conservative counterweight to the "godless" Social Democrats, the party gained mass support through Lueger's anti-liberal and antisemite slogans. Its support of the Austro-Hungarian cohesion and the ruling House of Habsburg also gave it considerable popularity among the noble class, making it an early example of a big tent party.

Upon the implementation of universal suffrage (for men) under minister-president Max Wladimir von Beck, the CS gained plurality in the 1907 Reichsrat elections, becoming the largest parliamentary group in the Lower House; however already in the 1911 elections, it lost this position to the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP). Though Minister-president Karl von Stürgkh had ignored the discretionary competence of the parliament during the 1914 July Crisis, the Christian Social Party backed the Austrian government during World War I. Nevertheless, when upon the dissolution of the Monarchy in October 1918 the German-speaking Reichsrat representatives met in a "provisional national assembly", the 65 CS deputies voted for the creation of the Republic of German-Austria and its accession to Weimar Germany, though shortly after members of the party began to oppose German annexation.[9]

First Republic

After the 1918 assembly had elected the Social Democrat Karl Renner state chancellor, the Christian Social Party formed a grand coalition with the SDAP under Karl Seitz. In the 1919 Austrian Constitutional Assembly election, the CS gained 35.9% of the votes cast, making it again the second strongest party after the Social Democrats. With its support the assembly enacted the Habsburg Law concerning the expulsion and the takeover of the assets of the House Habsburg-Lorraine. On 10 September 1919, Chancellor Karl Renner had to sign the Treaty of Saint-Germain, which prohibited any affiliation with Germany. It was ratified by the assembly on 21 October.

 
Anti-Semitic CS poster of 1920, depicting a Judeo-Bolshevik serpent choking the Austrian eagle; Text: "German Christians – Save Austria!"

However, in the following year the coalition broke up and Renner resigned on 11 July 1920, succeeded by the Christian Social politician Michael Mayr. Both parties agreed on scheduling new elections and the national assembly dissolved after it had passed the Constitution of Austria on 1 October 1920. Upon the following 1920 election, the CS gained 41.8% of the votes cast surpassing the Social Democrats and as the strongest party entered into a right-wing coalition with the newly established nationalist Greater German People's Party (GDVP). The National Council parliament, successor of the national assembly, re-elected Mayr chancellor in November 1920. The CS also nominated the non-partisan Michael Hainisch, actually a Greater German sympathizer, for Austrian president, who was elected by the Federal Assembly on 9 December.

All Chancellors of the First Austrian Republic from 1920 onwards were members of the Christian Social Party, and so was President Wilhelm Miklas, who succeeded Hainisch in 1928. The Social Democrats remained in opposition and concentrated on their Red Vienna stronghold, while the Austrian political climate polarized over the next years.

Chancellor Mayr had to resign as chancellor in 1922, after the Greater German People's Party left the coalition in disagreement over a treaty signed with the Czechoslovak republic concerning the Sudeten German territories. He was succeeded by Ignaz Seipel, CS chairmen since 1921. Seipel, a devout Catholic and fierce opponent of the Social Democrats, was able to re-arrange the coalition with the GDVP and was elected chancellor on 31 May 1922. From 1929 onwards, the party tried to form an alliance with the Heimwehr movement. Because of the instability of this coalition the party leadership decided to reform a coalition with the agrarian Landbund.

Patriotic Front

In the process of establishing the so-called Austro-fascist dictatorship, Christian Social Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß founded the Patriotic Front (Vaterländische Front) on 20 May 1933, merging the CS with the Landbund, Heimwehr and other conservative groups. The party was finally dissolved with the entry into force of the "May Constitution" of 1934, the foundation of the Federal State of Austria.

Chairmen

Chairperson Period
Karl Lueger 1893–1910
Prince Louis of Liechtenstein 1910–1918
Johann Nepomuk Hauser 1918–1920
Leopold Kunschak 1920–1921
Ignaz Seipel 1921–1930
Carl Vaugoin 1930–1934
Emmerich Czermak 1934

Notable members

Prominent members of the CS included:

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b c Lewis, Jill (1990), Conservatives and fascists in Austria, 1918–34, pp. 102–103
  2. ^ a b Spohn, Willfried (2005), "Austria: From Habsburg Empire to a Small Nation in Europe", Entangled Identities: Nations and Europe, Ashgate, p. 61
  3. ^ a b Payne, Stanley G. (1995), A History of Fascism, 1914–1945, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, p. 58
  4. ^ Pauley, Bruce F. (1992), From Prejudice to Persecution: A History of Austrian Anti-Semitism, University of North Carolina Press, pp. 156–158
  5. ^ Leeb, Stefan (2019), Das katholisch-konservative Milieu und sein Verhältnis zum österreichischen Legitimismus in der Zwischenkriegszeit (1918–1938), pp. 24, 35–41
  6. ^ Horvath, Partick. "Der Bundespräsident und sein Einfluß auf die Regierungsbildung 1999 / 2000". Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  7. ^ Romsics, Gergely (2010). The Memory of the Habsburg Empire in German, Austrian, and Hungarian Right-wing Historiography and Political Thinking, 1918–1941. Social Science Monographs. p. 211.
  8. ^ Loewenberg, Peter (2009), "Austria 1918: Coming to Terms with the National Trauma of Defeat and Fragmentation", Österreich 1918 und die Folgen, Vienna: Böhlau, p. 20
  9. ^ DIVIDE ON GERMAN AUSTRIA. – Centrists Favor Union, but Strong Influences Oppose It., The New York Times, 17 January 1919 (PDF)
  • Schindler, Franz Martin: Die soziale Frage der Gegenwart, vom Standpunkte des Christentums, Verlag der Buchhandlung der Reichspost Opitz Nachfolger, Wien 1905, 191 S.

Further reading

  • Boyer, John W. (1981). Political Radicalism in Late Imperial Vienna: Origins of the Christian Social Movement, 1848–1897. University of Chicago Press.
  • Boyer, John W. (1995). Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna: Christian Socialism in Power, 1897–1918. University of Chicago Press.
  • Lewis, Jill (1990). Conservatives and fascists in Austria, 1918–34. Fascists and Conservatives: The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twentieth-century Europe. Unwin Hymen. pp. 98–117.
  • Nautz, Jürgen (2006). Domenico, Roy P.; Hanley, Mark Y. (eds.). Christian Social Party (Austria). Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics. Vol. 1. Greenwood. pp. 133–134.
  • Suppanz, Werner (2005). Levy, Richard S. (ed.). Christian Social Party (Austria). Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 118–119.
  • Wohnout, Helmut (2004). Kaiser, Wolfram; Wohnout, Helmut (eds.). Middle-class Governmental Party and Secular Arm of the Catholic Church: The Christian Socials in Austria. Political Catholicism in Europe 1918–45. Routledge. pp. 141–159. ISBN 0-7146-5650-X.

External links

  Media related to Christian Social Party (Austria) at Wikimedia Commons

  • (in German) Institute for the research of the history of Austrian Christian Democracy

July 06, 2023
christian, social, party, austria, christian, social, party, german, christlichsoziale, partei, major, conservative, political, party, cisleithanian, crown, lands, austria, hungary, under, first, austrian, republic, from, 1891, 1934, party, affiliated, with, a. The Christian Social Party German Christlichsoziale Partei CS or CSP was a major conservative political party in the Cisleithanian crown lands of Austria Hungary and under the First Austrian Republic from 1891 to 1934 The party was affiliated with Austrian nationalism that sought to keep Catholic Austria out of the State of Germany founded in 1871 which it viewed as Protestant and Prussian dominated it identified Austrians on the basis of their predominantly Catholic religious identity as opposed to the predominantly Protestant religious identity of the Prussians 2 Christian Social Party Christlichsoziale ParteiFounderKarl LuegerFounded1891 132 years ago 1891 Dissolved1934 89 years ago 1934 Merged intoFatherland FrontHeadquartersVienna AustriaIdeologySocial conservatism 1 Political Catholicism 1 Austrian nationalism 2 Antisemitism 3 4 Right wing populism 3 Corporatism 1 Monarchism until 1918 later factions 5 6 Political positionRight wing 7 ReligionRoman CatholicismPolitics of AustriaPolitical partiesElections Contents 1 History 1 1 Foundation 1 2 First Republic 1 3 Patriotic Front 2 Chairmen 3 Notable members 4 Notes and references 5 Further reading 6 External linksHistory EditFoundation Edit Lueger 2nd from right and CS party fellows about 1905 The party emerged in the run up to the 1891 Imperial Council Reichsrat elections under the populist Vienna politician Karl Lueger 1844 1910 Referring to ideas developed by the Christian Social movement under Karl von Vogelsang 1818 1890 and the Christian Social Club of Workers it was oriented towards the petit bourgeoisie 8 and clerical Catholic there were many priests in the party including the later Austrian chancellor Ignaz Seipel which attracted many votes from the tradition bound rural population As a social conservative counterweight to the godless Social Democrats the party gained mass support through Lueger s anti liberal and antisemite slogans Its support of the Austro Hungarian cohesion and the ruling House of Habsburg also gave it considerable popularity among the noble class making it an early example of a big tent party Upon the implementation of universal suffrage for men under minister president Max Wladimir von Beck the CS gained plurality in the 1907 Reichsrat elections becoming the largest parliamentary group in the Lower House however already in the 1911 elections it lost this position to the Social Democratic Workers Party SDAP Though Minister president Karl von Sturgkh had ignored the discretionary competence of the parliament during the 1914 July Crisis the Christian Social Party backed the Austrian government during World War I Nevertheless when upon the dissolution of the Monarchy in October 1918 the German speaking Reichsrat representatives met in a provisional national assembly the 65 CS deputies voted for the creation of the Republic of German Austria and its accession to Weimar Germany though shortly after members of the party began to oppose German annexation 9 First Republic Edit After the 1918 assembly had elected the Social Democrat Karl Renner state chancellor the Christian Social Party formed a grand coalition with the SDAP under Karl Seitz In the 1919 Austrian Constitutional Assembly election the CS gained 35 9 of the votes cast making it again the second strongest party after the Social Democrats With its support the assembly enacted the Habsburg Law concerning the expulsion and the takeover of the assets of the House Habsburg Lorraine On 10 September 1919 Chancellor Karl Renner had to sign the Treaty of Saint Germain which prohibited any affiliation with Germany It was ratified by the assembly on 21 October Anti Semitic CS poster of 1920 depicting a Judeo Bolshevik serpent choking the Austrian eagle Text German Christians Save Austria However in the following year the coalition broke up and Renner resigned on 11 July 1920 succeeded by the Christian Social politician Michael Mayr Both parties agreed on scheduling new elections and the national assembly dissolved after it had passed the Constitution of Austria on 1 October 1920 Upon the following 1920 election the CS gained 41 8 of the votes cast surpassing the Social Democrats and as the strongest party entered into a right wing coalition with the newly established nationalist Greater German People s Party GDVP The National Council parliament successor of the national assembly re elected Mayr chancellor in November 1920 The CS also nominated the non partisan Michael Hainisch actually a Greater German sympathizer for Austrian president who was elected by the Federal Assembly on 9 December All Chancellors of the First Austrian Republic from 1920 onwards were members of the Christian Social Party and so was President Wilhelm Miklas who succeeded Hainisch in 1928 The Social Democrats remained in opposition and concentrated on their Red Vienna stronghold while the Austrian political climate polarized over the next years Chancellor Mayr had to resign as chancellor in 1922 after the Greater German People s Party left the coalition in disagreement over a treaty signed with the Czechoslovak republic concerning the Sudeten German territories He was succeeded by Ignaz Seipel CS chairmen since 1921 Seipel a devout Catholic and fierce opponent of the Social Democrats was able to re arrange the coalition with the GDVP and was elected chancellor on 31 May 1922 From 1929 onwards the party tried to form an alliance with the Heimwehr movement Because of the instability of this coalition the party leadership decided to reform a coalition with the agrarian Landbund Patriotic Front Edit In the process of establishing the so called Austro fascist dictatorship Christian Social Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss founded the Patriotic Front Vaterlandische Front on 20 May 1933 merging the CS with the Landbund Heimwehr and other conservative groups The party was finally dissolved with the entry into force of the May Constitution of 1934 the foundation of the Federal State of Austria Chairmen EditChairperson PeriodKarl Lueger 1893 1910Prince Louis of Liechtenstein 1910 1918Johann Nepomuk Hauser 1918 1920Leopold Kunschak 1920 1921Ignaz Seipel 1921 1930Carl Vaugoin 1930 1934Emmerich Czermak 1934Notable members EditProminent members of the CS included Karl Buresch Engelbert Dollfuss Otto Ender Viktor Kienbock Karl Lueger Michael Mayr Julius Raab Rudolf Ramek Richard Schmitz Kurt von Schuschnigg Ignaz Seipel Fanny von Starhemberg Ernst Streeruwitz Josef Strobach Carl Vaugoin Richard Weiskirchner Alexandru Vaida VoevodNotes and references Edit a b c Lewis Jill 1990 Conservatives and fascists in Austria 1918 34 pp 102 103 a b Spohn Willfried 2005 Austria From Habsburg Empire to a Small Nation in Europe Entangled Identities Nations and Europe Ashgate p 61 a b Payne Stanley G 1995 A History of Fascism 1914 1945 Madison University of Wisconsin Press p 58 Pauley Bruce F 1992 From Prejudice to Persecution A History of Austrian Anti Semitism University of North Carolina Press pp 156 158 Leeb Stefan 2019 Das katholisch konservative Milieu und sein Verhaltnis zum osterreichischen Legitimismus in der Zwischenkriegszeit 1918 1938 pp 24 35 41 Horvath Partick Der Bundesprasident und sein Einfluss auf die Regierungsbildung 1999 2000 Retrieved 10 December 2022 Romsics Gergely 2010 The Memory of the Habsburg Empire in German Austrian and Hungarian Right wing Historiography and Political Thinking 1918 1941 Social Science Monographs p 211 Loewenberg Peter 2009 Austria 1918 Coming to Terms with the National Trauma of Defeat and Fragmentation Osterreich 1918 und die Folgen Vienna Bohlau p 20 DIVIDE ON GERMAN AUSTRIA Centrists Favor Union but Strong Influences Oppose It The New York Times 17 January 1919 PDF Schindler Franz Martin Die soziale Frage der Gegenwart vom Standpunkte des Christentums Verlag der Buchhandlung der Reichspost Opitz Nachfolger Wien 1905 191 S Further reading EditBoyer John W 1981 Political Radicalism in Late Imperial Vienna Origins of the Christian Social Movement 1848 1897 University of Chicago Press Boyer John W 1995 Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna Christian Socialism in Power 1897 1918 University of Chicago Press Lewis Jill 1990 Conservatives and fascists in Austria 1918 34 Fascists and Conservatives The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twentieth century Europe Unwin Hymen pp 98 117 Nautz Jurgen 2006 Domenico Roy P Hanley Mark Y eds Christian Social Party Austria Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics Vol 1 Greenwood pp 133 134 Suppanz Werner 2005 Levy Richard S ed Christian Social Party Austria Antisemitism A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution Vol 1 ABC CLIO pp 118 119 Wohnout Helmut 2004 Kaiser Wolfram Wohnout Helmut eds Middle class Governmental Party and Secular Arm of the Catholic Church The Christian Socials in Austria Political Catholicism in Europe 1918 45 Routledge pp 141 159 ISBN 0 7146 5650 X External links Edit Media related to Christian Social Party Austria at Wikimedia Commons in German Karl von Vogelsang Institut Institute for the research of the history of Austrian Christian Democracy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Christian Social Party Austria amp oldid 1138125009, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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