Linnanmäki
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Linnanmäki (Swedish: Borgbacken, colloquially Lintsi, lit. 'Castle Hill') is an amusement park in Helsinki, Finland. It was opened on 27 May 1950 and is owned by the non-profit Children's Day Foundation (Finnish: Lasten Päivän Säätiö, Swedish: Stiftelsen Barnens Dag), which operates the park in order to raise funds for Finnish child welfare work. In 2019, the foundation donated €4.5 million, and so far has donated a total of over €120 million to this cause.[1]
Aerial view of Linnanmäki in 2017 | |
| Location | Helsinki, Finland |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 60°11′18″N 024°56′25″E / 60.18833°N 24.94028°E |
| Status | Operating |
| Opened | 27 May 1950 |
| Owner | Children's Day Foundation[1] |
| General manager | Pia Adlivankin (2014–) |
| Operating season | April to October |
| Attendance | approx. 1 million |
| Area | 7.5 hectares (19 acres)[2] |
| Attractions | |
| Total | 43 (as of 2022[update]) |
| Roller coasters | 8 |
| Water rides | 1 |
| Website | linnanmaki.fi |
Linnanmäki is the oldest and most popular amusement park in Finland.[3][4] It has many rides of different types and sizes,[5] and of the all Nordic amusement parks, Linnanmäki has the most rides in relation to the number of visitors.[3] It also has other attractions, including arcades, games, kiosks, restaurants and an outdoor stage on which different performers appear in the summer. The park is open from spring to autumn and is visited by over a million guests annually. In August 2006, Linnanmäki received its fifty-millionth visitor.[6]
History edit
In 1950, six Finnish child welfare organisations leased an area from the city of Helsinki for an initial period of three years in the middle of a recreational area consisting of two parks, where they set up an amusement park. The city extended the lease in 1953 and leased 5.37 hectares (13.3 acres) for the amusement park. In accordance with the city plan approved in 1956, the amusement park area was expanded to more than 7.2 ha (18 acres).[7] In 1957, the welfare organisations established the non-profit Children's Day Foundation, which continues to maintain and develop the amusement park.[1] Today, the site covers 7.5 hectares (19 acres).[2]
Linnanmäki is built on a hill and derives its name from Vesilinnanmäki (lit. 'Water Castle Hill'), the name locals gave to the hilly area in the early 20th century since it had two water towers, built in 1876 and 1938, respectively. The water towers are no longer in operation and were disconnected from the grid in 2003.[8] However, the towers are protected by the zoning plan of the city and cannot be demolished. In the future, it is hoped that the towers will be used year-round to support amusement park activities.[8] The older, angular tower near the perimeter of the amusement park—the oldest water tower in Helsinki—currently houses the park's maintenance and storage facilities, while the newer, cylindrical tower dominating the park and its wider surroundings houses an indoor roller coaster called Linnunrata eXtra.
Since its opening in 1950, two people have died in amusement ride accidents at Linnanmäki, both caused by negligence on the part of the rider.[9][10] In 1953, an employee, a roller coaster brakeman who was sitting in the front row after his shift on the last ride of the evening did not attach the safety bar, fell off and was hit by the train. In 1985, a guest, a boy, also sitting in the front row, had managed to open the safety bar and stood up to wave to his friends. The boy then fell in front of the train, which ran over him.[9][10]
The park edit
Linnanmäki is located in the Alppila sub-district of Alppiharju, 2.5 km (1.6 mi) north of the city centre of Helsinki, the Finnish capital. The hill where the park is located has a nice view of the city. The park has no discernible theming and feels relatively compact and densely packed; the rides and attractions are in close proximity to one another. In addition to the amusement rides and attractions the park also contains the Peacock, a historical theatre built in 1957 and known for its musical productions. In addition to the park itself, guests can also visit the Sea Life aquarium, the only Sea Life centre in the Nordic countries, opened in 2002.
The park is open from April to October, while the theatre and aquarium are operational throughout the year. The park also featured Linnanmäen museo from 1996 to 2005, a museum facility which located next to the park's main entrance and housed several exhibitions every year.
The park is easily reached from the city centre by tram lines 3, 8, 9, and bus line 23.
Rides and attractions edit
Linnanmäki currently has 43 rides, along with many other non-ride based attractions.[3] The most notable ride in the park is Vuoristorata, a wooden roller coaster, opened in 1951. It is the most recognisable symbol of the park, and was one of the first permanent rides to be built at the park. Technically the oldest ride at Linnanmäki is Karuselli (a carousel), which was built in Germany in 1896 and has been at Linnanmäki since 1954.[11]
Linnanmäki has eight roller coasters. Other major rides include three tower rides, a ferris wheel, a river rapids ride and spinning rides. The park also has a selection of family and kiddie rides.
Admission to the park is free, and most of the rides can only be ridden with the possession of a ride ticket, or the more popular wristband, which allows the wearer unlimited access to all of the park's rides for the entire day. As of 2013[update], the wristband costs the same for each customer, regardless of height.[12]
Linnanmäki also hosts various events and festivals every year, such as the popular iik!week Horror Festival[13] and traditional Carnival of Light (Valokarnevaali),[14] which are both held in the autumn.
Mermaid hall edit
Vedenneitohalli (English: Mermaid hall) was one of Linnanmäki's most popular attractions in 1951–1980.[15] Young female mermaid performers, dressed in swimsuits, would lie down on a platform above a pool behind a net. For a fee, visitors tried to hit a release button on a pole at the front of the net with a ball. When the ball hit the target, a lock at the top of the platform would open and the mermaid performer would fall into the water. In the 1970s, men were also being dropped after a women's organisation drew attention to the issue in the name of equality.[16]
Naisasialiitto Unioni, a Finnish women's organisation, considered the hall to be a demeaning place for women and in 1978 sent a letter to Linnanmäki's management. As a result, the hall was closed in 1980.[17]
Current rides edit
Roller coasters edit
| Name | Manufacturer / Model | Type | Opened | Notes / Info |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kirnu | Intamin / ZacSpin | Steel roller coaster, 4th dimension | 2007 | First compact 4D roller coaster, first 4D roller coaster in Europe. |
| Linnunrata eXtra | Zierer / Force | Steel roller coaster, enclosed | 2000 | Custom coaster layout with theme design and construction by APW Group in the UK. Built inside a former water tower. Previously known as Space Express (2000–2003) and Linnunrata (2004–2015). For season 2016, virtual reality headsets were added to enhance the experience. |
| Pikajuna | Mack Rides / Powered Coaster | Powered roller coaster | 1990 | Custom layout, train engine theme. Previously known as City Express (1990–2003). |
| Salama | Maurer Söhne / Xtended SC 3000 | Steel roller coaster, spinning cars | 2008 | Custom layout, built above existing rapids ride. |
| Taiga | Intamin / Blitz Coaster | Steel roller coaster, launched | 2019 | Launched roller coaster opening for the 2019 season. Custom layout, is the tallest (52 m, 171 ft), fastest (106 km/h, 66 mph) and longest (1,104 m, 3,622 ft) roller coaster in Finland. Taiga has two LSM launches, a top hat element and four inversions.[18] The track is located mostly in the area where Vonkaputous once stood, but has elements above Pikajuna and Tulireki, too. The station and queue building is constructed on the former site of Vekkula and Kotkot. |
| Tulireki | Mack Rides / e-Motion Coaster | Steel roller coaster | 2004 | First and only operating E-Motion Coaster model. |
| Ukko | Maurer Söhne / SkyLoop XT 150 | Steel roller coaster | 2011 | Currently the second tallest and fastest roller coaster in Finland. |
| Vuoristorata | Linnanmäki, led by Svend Jarlström | Wooden roller coaster, side friction | 1951 | Designed by Valdemar Lebech, one of seven existing roller coasters to feature brakemaster. Received ACE's "Coaster Classic" award in 2001. |
Major rides edit
| Name | Manufacturer / Model | Opened | Notes / Info |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autorata | Gebrüder IHLE Bruschal / Autoskooter ES-GP | 1964 (renewed 1981, 2007) | Bumper cars, located beneath the ferris wheel, moved to current location in 2007. Current cars installed in 1981. |
| Hurjakuru | Intamin / Rapids Ride | 1998 | Course is 370 metres (1,210 ft) long, features a 50 metres (160 ft) long tunnel and two water falls. |
| Kahvikuppikaruselli | Mack Rides / Tea Cups | 2002 | Tea cups carousel. |
| Kehrä | Emiliana Luna Park / Enterprise | 2009 | First Enterprise made in Italy. |
| Kingi | Moser Rides / Mach Tower | 2014 | 75 metres (246 ft) tall freefall tower, tallest amusement attraction in Finland. |
| Magia | Technical Park / Heavy Rotation | 2017 | Spinning ride with rising and rotating arm. |
| Maisemajuna | Gebrüder IHLE Bruschal / Monorail | 1979 | Monorail train circulating the park. Previously known as Monorail (1979–2003). |
| Mustekala | Schwarzkopf / Monster III | 1985 | Octopus ride, moved to current location in 2010. Previously known as Polyp (1985–2003). |
| Panoraama | Intamin / Gyro Tower | 1987 | 53 metres (174 ft) tall rotating observation tower. |
| Raketti | S&S Power / Space Shot | 1999 | 60 metres (200 ft) tall compressed air driven launch tower. Previously known as Space Shot (1999–2003). |
| Rinkeli | Technical Park / Ferris Wheel | 2006 | Ferris wheel, 32 metres (105 ft) in diameter, replaced old ferris wheel from 1964. |
| Viikinkilaiva | Zierer / Viking | 1981 | Swinging ship ride, moved to current location in 2002. Previously known as Viking (1981–2003). |
Family rides edit
| Name | Manufacturer / Model | Opened | Notes / Info |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hepparata | Gebrüder IHLE Bruschal / Derby | 1982 | Galloping horse ride, moved to current location in 1998. |
| HipHop | Moser Rides / Spring Ride | 2000 | Family tower ride, moved to current location in 2004. |
| Hypytin | Zamperla / Sky Tower | 2009 | Family tower ride. |
| Karuselli | 1954 | Carousel built in Germany in 1896. | |
| Ketjukaruselli | 1977 | Swing carousel, moved to current location in 1998. | |
| Kyöpelinvuoren hotelli | Gosetto / Dark Ride | 1950 (renewed 1960, 1973, 1978, 1986, 2000, 2006, 2013) | Ghost train, produced by Farmer Attractions Development. The current version opened in 2013, replacing the Schwarzkopf version from 1973. The ghost train attraction has been present at the park since 1950, previously known as Kummitusjuna (1950–1972, 1978–1985, 2006–2012), Satujuna (1973–1977) and Kauhulinna (1986–2005). |
| Lohikäärme | Zierer / Dragon | 1998 | Oriental themed carousel. Previously known as Dragon (1998–2003). |
| Pellen talo | Gosetto / Fun House | 2018 | Transportable funhouse mounted on a 16-metre (52 ft) semitrailer. This temporary attraction is installed at the park until new Vekkula funhouse is built. After that the attraction is moved into a Finnish traveling funfair. |
| Poppis | Gosetto / Party Dance | 2016 | Carousel with joysticks to rotate the gondolas. |
| Propelli | Zamperla / Magic Bikes | 2016 | Carousel with gondolas that can be elevated by pedaling. |
| Taikasirkus | WGH / Suspended Monorail | 2005 | Circus-themed dark ride. Produced by Rex Studios in the UK. It replaced Around the World, produced by APW Group in 1997, and uses the same track and cars today. |
Kiddie rides edit
| Name | Manufacturer / Model | Opened | Notes / Info |
|---|---|---|---|
| Helikopteri | BN Performance Rides / Elitoys | 2006 | Helicopter themed tower ride. |
| Kuuputin | Manorplan Leisure / Stellar Swings | 2003 | Small carousel with lunar theme. |
| Merirosvolaiva | Modern Products / Junior Pirate Ship | 1988 | Small swinging ship ride. Previously known as Pirate (1988–2003). |
| Muksupuksu | Zamperla / Rio Grande | 1967 (renewed 1997, 2007) | Kiddie train ride. Current train installed in 1997. Station renewed in 2007. Original track by Paul Scwingel from 1967. Previously known as Pienoisrautatie (1967–2003). |
| Pienoiskaruselli | Claudio Sartori | 1966 | Small carousel with automotive theme. |
| Pilotti | Technical Park / Baby Aviator | 2010 | Kiddie airplane ride. |
| Rekkaralli | Zamperla / Convoy | 1995 | Convoy truck ride. |
| Rumpukaruselli | SBF Rides / Clown Cups | 1991 | Small carousel with music theme. |
| Vankkuripyörä | Zamperla / Chuck Wagon | 1996 | Small ferris wheel with Western theme. Previously known as High Chaparral (1996–2003). |
Attractions edit
| Name | Manufacturer | Opened | Notes / Info |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cinema | SimEx-Iwerks | 1996 (renewed 2005) | 4D virtual reality cinema, current system installed in 2005. Original theatre building from 1996, original seat system was relocated to Wasalandia (2006–2016). The film changes in every two years. Previously known as Virtuaaliteatteri (1996–2001), Lintsi-Kino (2002–2006) and Kino (2007–2015). Cinema was closed for 2020–2021 due to COVID-19 restrictions, and during 2022 it was used for live action theatre productions. |
| Kammokuja | Rex Studios | 2003 | Walkthrough horror attraction, features 3D elements. |
Rides under construction edit
| Name | Manufacturer / Model | Opening | Notes / Info |
|---|---|---|---|
| Swingi | Intamin / Gyro Swing | 2024 | Frisbee type pendulum ride. The ride will be 24 metres high with a maximum swing height of 42 metres, and it has a 40 passenger gondola. The ride will open for the 2024 season on Kieputin's (Top Spin) former site. |
Removed rides and attractions edit
| Name | Manufacturer / Model | Opened | Closed | Notes / Info |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apollo | Claudio Sartori | 1986 | 1997 | Small carousel. Replaced by Pallokaruselli. Relocations: Tykkimäki (1998–2011), Wasalandia (2012–2016). |
| Around the World | WGH / Suspended Monorail | 1997 | 2004 | Dark ride, also known as Nukketalo (2004). Produced by APW Group in the UK. It was replaced by Taikasirkus, which utilises the same building and cars. |
| Autorata | Gebrüder IHLE Bruschal | 1950 | 1963 | Bumper cars, also known as Radioautorata. Replaced by current Autorata. |
| Breakdance | HUSS Maschinenfabrik / Breakdance | 1988 | 2001 | Replaced by Mustekala (Polyp), which was relocated to Brakedance's property due to the construction of the Sea Life aquarium and installation of Kahvikuppikaruselli. Relocated to a traveling funfair in Germany. |
| Calypso | Schwarzkopf / Calypso II | 1967 | 1974 | Replaced by Enterprise. Relocations: Särkänniemi (1975–1984), Tykkimäki (1986–). |
| Cortina Jet | Schwarzkopf / Bayern Curve | 1970 | 1987 | Replaced by Breakdance. Relocated to Tykkimäki (1988–2006). Currently in storage at Nokkakivi. |
| Enterprise | Schwarzkopf / Enterprise III | 1975 | 1998 | Replaced by Space Shot (Raketti). Relocated to Tykkimäki (1999–2017). |
| Flying Coaster | Eyerly Aircraft Company / Ski Jump | 1969 | 1969 | Replaced by Cortina Jet. This ride was rented from Gröna Lund to operate for one season. |
| Formularata | 1968 | 1995 | Car circuit. Replaced by Virtuaaliteatteri (Kino). Relocated to Rocka al Mare funfair in Tallinn, Estonia, where it operated for some time. | |
| Helsinki-pyörä | 1964 | 2005 | Ferris wheel, previously known as Boston-pyörä (1964–1972). Replaced by Rinkeli. Relocated to Tykkimäki (2007–). | |
| Hully Gully | Mack Rides / Hully Gully | 1972 | 1972 | This ride was rented from Swedish Skoghs Tivoli to operate for one season. |
| Hully Gully | Claudio Sartori | 1984 | 1985 | Small carousel. Replaced by Apollo. Relocations: Tykkimäki (1986–2008), Nokkakivi (2010–). |
| Hurlumhei | 1952 | 1959 | Funhouse, the predecessor of Vekkula. | |
| Ipanarata | 1971 | 1989 | Kiddie roller coaster, replaced by City Express (Pikajuna). | |
| Katapultti | Schwarzkopf / Katapult | 1992 | 1993 | Replaced by Top Spin (Kieputin). Removed due to continuous technical problems. |
| Kieppi | HUSS Maschinenfabrik / Booster | 2003 | 2016 | Replaced by Magia. The ride was sold to Löffelhardt, a company which operated it as Ghost Rider in funfairs around Germany. As Kieppi was a park model intended for permanent installation, the ride's base was modified and retrofitted on a semitrailer. |
| Kieputin | Eyerly Aircraft Company / Roll-O-Plane | 1951 | 1977 | Relocated to Särkänniemi, where it was in storage for some time. |
| Kieputin | HUSS Maschinenfabrik / Top Spin | 1994 | 2022 | Previously known as Top Spin (1994–2003). Repainted for the 2009 season. The ride was removed after the 2022 season and scrapped. Replaced by Swingi. |
| Kotkot | Modern Products / Track Ride | 1993 | 2017 | Farmhouse themed kiddie track ride. Moved to its last location in 2001, cars and theming renewed in 2004. Previously known as Hokkus Pokkus (1993–2003). |
| Lasten maailmanpyörä | Claudio Sartori | 1979 | 1995 | Kiddie ferris wheel. Replaced by High Chaparral (Vankkuripyörä). Relocated to Nokkakivi (2007–). |
| Lasten mustekala | Barbieri | 1990 | 1996 | Small carousel. Relocated to Tykkimäki (1997–). |
| Loch Ness | 1951 | 1953 | Small carousel. | |
| Meteoriitti | Modern Products / Meteorite | 1990 | 1999 | Small carousel. Replaced by HipHop. Relocated to Tykkimäki (2004–). |
| Miniautot | Claudio Sartori | 1978 | 2017 | Kiddie bumper cars, moved to its last location in 2014. Replaced by Pellen talo. Currently in storage at the park, will probably be re-installed in the future. |
| Mustekala | Eyerly Aircraft Company / Monster | 1979 | 1984 | Replaced by Polyp (Mustekala). Subsequently scrapped. |
| Naurutalo | 1967 | 2002 | House of mirrors, replaced by a gift shop. The mirrors are still present at the park, located in the underpass near the previous Naurutalo location. | |
| Pallokaruselli | Zamperla / Samba Balloon | 1997 | 2015 | Replaced by Propelli. Relocated to an unknown foreign amusement park. |
| Pilvenpyörä | Frank Hrubetz & Co. / Paratrooper | 1962 | 1984 | Replaced by Rainbow (Sateenkaari). Relocated to Tykkimäki (1988–). |
| Round Up | Nijmeegs Lasbedrijf / Round Up | 1961 | 1975 | Relocations: Särkänniemi (1977–1985), Tykkimäki (1986–2002), Nokkakivi (2006–). |
| Safari / Indiana's Adventure | Christian Hofmann | 1983 / 1995 | 1999 | Safari-themed dark ride built in the winter of 1982–1983 in a space of about 630 square metres (6,800 sq ft) cut out of a warehouse under the former water tower, featuring large sideways-moving cars with loudspeakers and mechatronic puppets seen along the track. The track was manufactured by the German animatronics company Christian Hofmann GmbH. The popularity of the ride, which in the early years attracted long queues, waned over the years, and part of the track was redesigned for the 1995 season as Indiana's Adventure, an Indiana Jones-themed dark ride, by APW Group.[19] Soon, however, popularity began to wane again, and in 1999 it faced its final season. In 2000, the ride was replaced by an indoor roller coaster Space Express (since renamed to Linnunrata eXtra). All the animatronics were sold abroad, and the cars were in storage at the park for some time. |
| Salaisuuksien talo | Sparks Creative | 1989 | 1996 | Funhouse featuring audiovisual effects, later known as Ihme ja kumma (1995–1996). It was replaced by Around the World (Nukketalo) in 1997. Partly relocated to Tykkimäki under the name Mysteerio (1997–2015). |
| Sateenkaari | HUSS Maschinenfabrik / Rainbow | 1984 | 2009 | Previously known as Rainbow (1984–2003). The ride was removed after 2009 season and it was in storage for some time, but was ultimately scrapped. The sun face was saved and it is on display at the park. |
| Sokkelo | Linnanmäki | 2007 | 2011 | Glass maze walkthrough, replaced by a gift shop. |
| Suihkio | Kaspar Klaus / Roto-Jet | 1955 | 1986 | Replaced by Mustekala. Relocated to Tykkimäki (1987–2011). Subsequently scrapped. |
| Troika | HUSS Maschinenfabrik / Troika | 1974 | 1974 | Relocated to Särkänniemi (1975–). This ride was bought by Särkänniemi in 1974, but since the park did not open until 1975, the ride was rented to Linnanmäki to operate for one season. |
| Vauhtihirviö | Linnanmäki | 1950 | 1952/57 | Tilt-a-whirl ride. There were two identical rides at the park, named Vauhtihirviö 1 (operated 1950–1952) and Vauhtihirviö 2 (1950–1957). |
| Vedenneitohalli | 1951 | 1980 | A popular attraction where spectators could throw balls at a pole that caused a mermaid performer to fall into water. It was closed in 1980 because it was considered degrading to women.[17] | |
| Vekkula | Linnanmäki | 1961 | 2017 | Funhouse, original concept designed and built by Linnanmäki. The last facade designed and built by Rex Studios in 1995. Demolished after 2017 season due to the building to be in a condition beyond repair. Will be replaced by new Vekkula elsewhere in the park. |
| Vonkaputous | Premier Rides / Liquid Coaster | 2001 | 2017 | Second and last water roller coaster built by Premier Rides, first Premier Rides roller coaster built in Europe. Dismantled after 2017 season due to technical unreliability and excessive downtime. |
Gallery of images edit
-
Hurjakuru
-
Kieputin
-
A view from the Panoraama observation tower
-
Water fountain
-
Maisemajuna
-
-
Rolle the Clown, mascot of Linnanmäki
-
Linnunrata and the water tower
References edit
- ^ a b c "Children's Day Foundation". Linnanmäki. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
- ^ a b "Linnanmäen asemakaavan muutos" (pdf). Helsingin kaupunki (in Finnish). Kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto. 26 April 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ a b c Linnanmäen huvipuisto on Suomen suosituin matkailukohde – Sightseeinghelsinki.com (in Finnish)
- ^ Huvipuistot Suomessa – Gofinland (in Finnish)
- ^ "Linnanmäki – The Amusement Park: Rides". Retrieved 15 December 2015.
- ^ Jaana Rannikko Linnanmäen 50. miljoonas kävijä – Turun Sanomat (in Finnish)
- ^ "Kertomus Helsingin kaupungin kunnallishallinnosta vuonna 1956 – Jälkimmäinen osa 2. Kiinteistöviraston tonttiosaston toimialaan kuuluvat asiat" (pdf). Helsingin kaupunki (in Finnish). 1956. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- ^ a b . arkkitehtuuri.tkk.fi (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- ^ a b Rautio, Samppa (10 August 2018). "Suomessa on tapahtunut kolme kuolemaan johtanutta huvipuistoturmaa - Linnanmäen Mustekala-onnettomuus oli vähällä olla neljäs". Iltalehti (in Finnish). Retrieved 13 September 2021.
- ^ a b "Huvipuistojen onnettomuudet". Huvipuisto.net (in Finnish). Retrieved 13 September 2021.
- ^ "Linnanmäen huvipuiston karuselli on peräisin vuodelta 1896". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 26 May 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ Linnanmäki prices Archived 2013-02-13 at archive.today, 2013.
- ^ iik!week Horror Festival – Linnanmäki (in English)
- ^ Carnival of Light – Linnanmäki (in English)
- ^ "Tivoli Seiterän historia". www.huvipuisto.net (in Finnish). Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ "Vedenneidot". www.lintsi.info (in Finnish). Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ a b Rytsä, Paavo (8 September 2006). "Linnanmäen viimeiset vedenneidot pudotettiin altaaseen 1980-luvulla". Yle (in Finnish). Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ "Taiga – Linnanmäki". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ "Linnanmäen Safari". www.huvipuisto.net (in Finnish). Retrieved 20 September 2021.
External links edit
- Official Linnanmäki website (in English)
- 20th Spinning Coaster set for Linnanmäki in 2008
- Photographs and video from Linnanmäki's major rides