When the Spanish arrived, they divided Peru into three main regions: the coastal region (11.6% of Peru), that is bounded by the Pacific Ocean; the highlands (28.1% of Peru), that is located on the Andean Heights, and the jungle, that is located on the Amazonian Jungle (Climate of Peru). But Javier Pulgar Vidal (es), a geographer who studied the biogeographic reality of the Peruvian territory for a long time, proposed the creation of eight Natural Regions.[1][2] In 1941, he presented his thesis "Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú" at the III General Assembly of the Pan-American Institute of Geography and History.
Elevation: 5,000- 4,600 m, Annual mean temperature: 0- 3.5 °C, Farming: alpacas, lamas.
Pycnophyllum Steppe,
Elevation: 4,600- 4,300 m, Annual mean temperature: 3.5- 7.5 °C, Farming: alpacas, lamas.
Aciachne Humid Grassland,
Elevation: 4,300- 3,900 m, Annual mean temperature: 7.5- 10.0 °C, Farming: alpacas, lamas, pigs; Agriculture: bitter potatoes, (oca), (oat); Fallow land: more than 8 years.
Elevation: 3,900- 3,600 m, Annual mean temperature: 10.0- 11.5 °C, Farming: sheep; Agriculture: potatoes, oca, ulluco, barley; Fallow land: 3 to 4 years.
Elevation: 3,600- 2,700 m, Annual mean temperature: 11.5- 16.5 °C, Farming: sheep, cattle; Agriculture: wheat, (barley), peas, beans, maize up to 3,500 m with crop rotation.
Elevation: 3,200- 2,700 m, Annual mean temperature: 13.5- 16.5 °C, Farming: cattle; Agriculture: maize, wheat, beans, spring potatoes, use of fertilizers, no crop rotation.
Highland Rainforest,
Elevation: below 2,700 m, Annual mean temperature: over 17.0 °C, Farming: cattle; Agriculture: tropical fruits, oranges, coffee, coca at around 2,000 m.[23]
^ abPulgar Vidal, Javier: Geografía del Perú; Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú. Edit. Universo S.A., Lima 1979. First Edition (his dissertation of 1940): Las ocho regiones naturales del Perú, Boletín del Museo de Historia Natural „Javier Prado“, n° especial, Lima, 1941, 17, pp. 145-161.
^Benavides Estrada, Juan (1999); Geografía del Perú 2do año de Secuandaria. Lima: Escuela Nueva.
^Zech, W. and Hintermaier-Erhard, G. (2002); Böden der Welt – Ein Bildatlas, Heidelberg, p. 98.
^Christopher Salter, Joseph Hobbs, Jesse Wheeler and J. Trenton Kostbade (2005); Essentials of World Regional Geography 2nd Edition. NY: Harcourt Brace. p.464-465.
^Middle America: Altitudinal Zonation 2009-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
^. Archived from the original on 2012-03-12. Retrieved 2013-10-25. Maps of the Cordillera Blanca - Peru
^WWF Global 200: World Map of 14 Terrestrial Biomes and 867 Ecoregions
^"Bolivian Yungas". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^ ab"Peruvian Yungas". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^ ab"Southwest Amazon moist forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^"Central Andean dry puna". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^ ab"Central Andean puna". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^"Central Andean wet puna". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^"Atacama desert". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^"Sechura desert". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^"Gurupa varzea". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^"Monte Alegre varzea". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^"Purus varzea". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^"Iquitos varzea". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^"Central Andean wet puna". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
^Seibert, Paul; Farbatlas Südamerika, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 1996.
November 01, 2023
life, zones, peru, when, spanish, arrived, they, divided, peru, into, three, main, regions, coastal, region, peru, that, bounded, pacific, ocean, highlands, peru, that, located, andean, heights, jungle, that, located, amazonian, jungle, climate, peru, javier, . When the Spanish arrived they divided Peru into three main regions the coastal region 11 6 of Peru that is bounded by the Pacific Ocean the highlands 28 1 of Peru that is located on the Andean Heights and the jungle that is located on the Amazonian Jungle Climate of Peru But Javier Pulgar Vidal es a geographer who studied the biogeographic reality of the Peruvian territory for a long time proposed the creation of eight Natural Regions 1 2 In 1941 he presented his thesis Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Peru at the III General Assembly of the Pan American Institute of Geography and History Peruvian natural regions These eight Peruvian regions are Chala or Coast subtropical dry and tropical savanna Yungas Fluvial Yunga Loma Vegetation Quechua Suni or Jalca Puna Janca Rupa Rupa or Highland Jungle Omagua or Lowland JungleContents 1 Example Andes 10 S 1 1 Classic version Amazonic side 1 2 Javier Pulgar Vidal s version 1 3 Notes 1 4 Overview Amazonic side 1 4 1 Estimated temperatures Continental Divide 2 Example Kallawaya Region Bolivia 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 ReferencesExample Andes 10 S editSee also Altitudinal zonation dd Classic version Amazonic side edit nbsp Altitudinal variation in the Andes Sea level Estimated 22 24 C 75 F but the cold Humboldt Current generates fog on the coast side Tierra caliente Hot land tropical up to 2 500 ft about 750 m 1 000 m Crops Cacao Banana Sugarcane Manioc Sweet Potatoes Yams Tierra templada Temperate land subtropical up to 6 000 ft about 1 850 m 2 000 m The warmest month has an average temperature of below 22 C or 72 F Crops Coffee Tobacco Maize Coca Peruvian Pepper Schinus molle Avocado Guave Psidium guajava Cherimoya Plum Citrus fruits Tierra fria Cool land temperate below 12 000 ft about 3 600 m treeline The warmest month has an average temperature of below 18 C or 64 F Crops Potato Maize Squash Passionfruit Papaya Peach Wheat Rye and Barley Farming of cattle Tierra helada Cold land above 12 000 ft about 3 600 m The definition of treeline of Coniferae the warmest month has an average temperature of below 10 C or 50 F Crops above tree line Quinoa Canigua Mashua Oca Tarhui Broad beans and Ulluco Farming of Sheep Llamas and Alpacas Terrestrial Biome Type 10 Montane grasslands and shrublands Tierra Nevada Janca above the snow line 15 000 ft about 4 500 m 5 000 m Just warmer than 1 C over rocks or just warmer than 3 C over snow annual mean temperature 3 4 5 6 7 Javier Pulgar Vidal s version edit The Peruvian geographer Javier Pulgar Vidal divided Peru in 8 regions traditionally it was costa sierra and selva Map from Republica del Peru Instituto Geografico Nacional Chala West Pacific Coast 0 500 m Omagua Lowland jungle or Selva baja Amazonic rainforest 80 400 m Rupa Rupa Highland jungle Selva alta 400 1 000 m Yungas Aymaran for Warm Lands Cloud forest Loma Vegetation West Yunga coastal at the north of Peru 450 600 m Fluvial Yungas East Yunga fluvial 1 000 2 300 m Quechua East High valleys 2 300 3 500 m Suni or Jalca or Sallqa too high plateaus and cliffs 3 500 4 100 m Puna means mountain top 4 100 4 800 m Janca means white above 4 800 m permafrost rocks snow and ice 1 Notes edit Biomes amp Ecoregions nearby 8 Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Bolivian Yungas 9 Peruvian Yungas 10 Southwest Amazon moist forests 11 Montane grasslands and shrublands Central Andean dry puna 12 Central Andean puna 13 Central Andean wet puna 14 Deserts and xeric shrublands Atacama Desert 15 Sechura Desert 16 Overview Amazonic side edit Mouth of the Amazon River Atlantic Ocean Belem Brazil 24 m annual mean temperature 26 0 C Gurupa varzea NT0126 17 Manaus Brazil 72 m annual mean temperature 26 6 C Monte Alegre varzea NT0141 18 Purus varzea NT0156 19 Colombia Peru Brazil border Leticia Colombia 84 m annual mean temperature 25 8 C Tierra Caliente or Tropical rainforest Omagua or Selva baja Southwest Amazon moist forests NT0166 11 Iquitos Peru 126 m annual mean temperature 26 2 C Rupa Rupa or Selva alta Iquitos varzea NT0128 20 Yunga fluvial more than 5 C colder than the Peruan Tropics Peruvian Yungas NT0153 10 Quechua High valleys more than 10 C colder than the Peruan Tropics Tree line Tierra Helada Suni plateau Mountain pass Puna mountain slope Central Andean wet puna NT1003 21 Central Andean puna NT1002 13 Andean Alpine desert Snow line Tierra Nevada or Janca PeakEstimated temperatures Continental Divide edit Explanations Region elevation m avg annual precipitation mm avg annual temperature C Peruvian Highland Rainforest Tropical climate Cloud forest Subtropical climate and Temperate forest Temperate climate Cusco reference estimated avg annual temperature C Lowland Rainforest or Selva baja gets more rain so it is more cloudy so it is cooler Snow line reference Humboldt cold current Pacific climate influence estimated avg annual temperature C 22 Cuzco Peru 3 249 m avg annual temperature 12 5 C avg annual precipitation 736 mm Lima Peru 30 m avg annual temperature 19 2 C fog influence avg annual precipitation 15 mm Elevation West Pacific side East Amazonian sideHighland Rainforest or Selva alta 400 m 26 5 CLoma Vegetation 500 m about 21 1 C Cloud forest or Fluvial Yunga 1 000 m 23 5 CQuechua Montane Valleys 2 300 m 17 2 CAmazonian Tree line of Coniferae 10 C about 3 500 m about 10 CMountain pass influence 4 100 m about 3 4 C about 7 1 C Vegetation end about 4 800 m about 0 0 C Snow line about 5 000 m about 1 0 C Example Kallawaya Region Bolivia editAltitudinal zonation Kallawaya Region around Charazani Bolivia border to Peru Glacier Elevation 5 900 5 200 m Annual mean temperature below 0 C Agriculture none High Mountain Desert Werneria ciliolata on scree Elevation 5 200 5 000 m Annual mean temperature below 0 C 0 C Agriculture none Grass Zone Calamagrostis minima Steppe Elevation 5 000 4 600 m Annual mean temperature 0 3 5 C Farming alpacas lamas Pycnophyllum Steppe Elevation 4 600 4 300 m Annual mean temperature 3 5 7 5 C Farming alpacas lamas Aciachne Humid Grassland Elevation 4 300 3 900 m Annual mean temperature 7 5 10 0 C Farming alpacas lamas pigs Agriculture bitter potatoes oca oat Fallow land more than 8 years Shrub Zone Satureja Shrub westslope Baccharis pentandii Shrub with Berberis eastslope Elevation 3 900 3 600 m Annual mean temperature 10 0 11 5 C Farming sheep Agriculture potatoes oca ulluco barley Fallow land 3 to 4 years Mutisia Shrub westslope Baccharis pentlandii Shrub with Siphocampylus eastslope Elevation 3 600 2 700 m Annual mean temperature 11 5 16 5 C Farming sheep cattle Agriculture wheat barley peas beans maize up to 3 500 m with crop rotation Kaunia longipetiolata Shrub Elevation 3 200 2 700 m Annual mean temperature 13 5 16 5 C Farming cattle Agriculture maize wheat beans spring potatoes use of fertilizers no crop rotation Highland Rainforest Elevation below 2 700 m Annual mean temperature over 17 0 C Farming cattle Agriculture tropical fruits oranges coffee coca at around 2 000 m 23 Gallery edit nbsp Vegetation of Peru nbsp Amazon basin nbsp Watershed around Lake Titicaca Arequipa Puno and Cusco nbsp Costa Sierra Selva nbsp Rupa Rupa High Rain forest nbsp Mist forest 2 500 m nbsp Quechua nbsp Sacred Valley of the Incas between Pisac and Ollantaytambo 2002 nbsp Mountain slope 4 000 m nbsp Lake Qunuqqucha 4 050 m nbsp Puna with shrubs nbsp Lauca National Park Parinacota volcano nbsp Region of Ayacucho Peru 1986 Puna nbsp Region of Ayacucho Peru 1986 Puna nbsp Quyllur Rit i glacier and alpine desert 2007 nbsp Huascaran National Park Cordillera Blanca Tawllirahu 5 830 m North of LimaSee also editClimate of Peru Ecoregions of Peru Geography of Peru Altitudinal zonationReferences edit a b Pulgar Vidal Javier Geografia del Peru Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Peru Edit Universo S A Lima 1979 First Edition his dissertation of 1940 Las ocho regiones naturales del Peru Boletin del Museo de Historia Natural Javier Prado n especial Lima 1941 17 pp 145 161 Benavides Estrada Juan 1999 Geografia del Peru 2do ano de Secuandaria Lima Escuela Nueva Brigitta Schutt 2005 Azonale Boden und Hochgebirgsboden Zech W and Hintermaier Erhard G 2002 Boden der Welt Ein Bildatlas Heidelberg p 98 Christopher Salter Joseph Hobbs Jesse Wheeler and J Trenton Kostbade 2005 Essentials of World Regional Geography 2nd Edition NY Harcourt Brace p 464 465 Middle America Altitudinal Zonation Archived 2009 07 24 at the Wayback Machine Cordillera Blanca Peru Huaraz Caraz Archived from the original on 2012 03 12 Retrieved 2013 10 25 Maps of the Cordillera Blanca Peru WWF Global 200 World Map of 14 Terrestrial Biomes and 867 Ecoregions Bolivian Yungas Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund a b Peruvian Yungas Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund a b Southwest Amazon moist forests Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund Central Andean dry puna Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund a b Central Andean puna Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund Central Andean wet puna Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund Atacama desert Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund Sechura desert Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund Gurupa varzea Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund Monte Alegre varzea Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund Purus varzea Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund Iquitos varzea Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund Central Andean wet puna Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund Klimadiagramme weltweit Europa Seibert Paul Farbatlas Sudamerika Verlag Eugen Ulmer 1996 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Life zones of Peru amp oldid 1118941179, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
