Liberdade (Portuguese: [libeɾˈdadʒi], liberty; Japanese: リベルダージ, romanized: Riberudāji) is the name of a district in the subprefecture of Sé, in São Paulo, Brazil. By various estimates, it is home to the world's largest ethnic Japanese community outside Japan.
Liberdade was known as Campo da Forca (Field of the Gallows) until the late 19th century, and was an area reserved for the execution of slaves and convicts. Death was considered the only path to liberty (liberdade) for slaves. The condemned were led to the Igreja Nossa Senhora da Boa Morte (Church of Our Lady of Good Death) to perform a final prayer for a rapid and painless death. The church remains on Rua do Carmo at the corner of Rua Tabatinguera. Slaves and other convicts were executed in the Largo da Forca (Gallows Square), the public square now known as Praça da Liberdade. Cemitério dos Aflitos (Cemetery of the Afflicted) was created in 1774 to bury executed slaves, those who had committed suicide, and others who could not be interred elsewhere. The cemetery was replaced by housing development in the 20th century, and the simple Capela dos Aflitos on Rua dos Estudantes is a remnant of the era. Igreja da Santa Cruz das Almas dos Enforcados (Church of Santa Cruz of the Souls of the Hanged), prominently located to the south of the public square, commemorates the dead of Campo da Forca. Executions were carried out in Campo da Forca until 1891, and the square was renamed Liberdade.[1][2][3]
The Japanese presence in the neighborhood began in 1912. One of the reasons for this was that almost every property had a basement, and the rents were incredibly cheap. In these rooms groups of people lived. Being a central neighborhood, from there they could easily get around to workplaces. By this time, commercial activities began to emerge: a hostel, a market, a house that made tofu, another that made manjū (a Japanese confection), and also job-creating firms, thus resulting in the label of "the Japanese street". In 1915, the Taisho Shogakko (Taisho Primary School) was founded, which helped educate the children of Japanese immigrants, then approximately 300 people. In 1932, there were about 2,000 Japanese people in the city of São Paulo. They came directly from Japan and also from the interior of São Paulo, after concluding their work contracts on plantations, in search of an opportunity in the city. They worked in more than 60 activities, but almost all the establishments worked to serve the Japanese Brazilian collective. 1946 saw the founding of the São Paulo Shimbun newspaper, the first postwar periodical among Nikkei (Japanese immigrants), as well as the inauguration of the still operating Sol Bookstore (Taiyodo), where Japanese books imported through the United States can be found. The Tunibra travel agency began holding events in the same year. In March 1947, an orchestra formed by Professor Masahiko Maruyama performed the first post-war concert, in the Auditorium of the Paulista Teacher's Center on Avenida Liberdade. In 1953, Yoshikazu Tanaka inaugurated a 5-story building on Rua Galvão Bueno, with a hall, restaurant, hotel and a large projection room on the ground floor with room for an audience of 1,500 named Cine Niterói, which grew to rival other Japanese-operated theaters in the region. In April 1964, the Japanese Cultural Association of São Paulo (Bunkyô) building was inaugurated. In the decade of 1970 the subway station of Liberdade was constructed, altering the urban composition of the region. On January 28, 1974, the Association of Shopkeepers Association officially became the Association of Shopkeepers of Liberdade. Its first president, Tsuyoshi Mizumoto, sought the characterization of the eastern district.
Overview
Significant populations of Chinese, Taiwanese and Koreans also live in the district of Liberdade.
Since 1974 the entrance to Liberdade has been marked by a nine-meter tall red torii (a characteristic arch marking the entrance to Shinto Shrines). This towering structure, situated on Rua Galvão Bueno, is a distinctive representation of the neighborhood. Liberdade was successfully connected to the São Paulo subway network in the 1970s, opening the area up to commerce. Today, thousands of Paulistanos (citizens of São Paulo) flock to the public square in Liberdade every Sunday to purchase craft goods at the weekly fair. In January 2008, in order to celebrate 100 years of Japanese immigration to Brazil, a project to revitalize the quarter was approved by the mayor Gilberto Kassab. 40% of the restoration was for the visit of Crown Prince Naruhito to São Paulo in June 2008.
The Japanese presence in the neighborhood began in 1912. At this time, Japanese immigrants began to take up residence on the Rua Conde de Sarzedas.[2] This street had a steep slope that gave way to a running stream and swamp area. Basement apartments were numerous and inexpensive, and groups of people or families often lived together in the small rooms. However, the central location of the neighborhood meant immigrants could also be closer to work. As the number of immigrants in the neighborhood grew, so did commercial activity. Soon Japanese-owned inns, emporiums, restaurants, shops, and markets were popping up. These new commercial endeavors also become workplaces, which brought more immigrants to the area, and thus the "street of the Japanese" was formed.
Liberdade is a meeting spot for many groups, especially among young people who are interested in Japanese culture. Manga (Japanese comics) fans, sometimes participating in cosplay, can be seen in the district almost any day of the week, especially on weekends. The district is also a popular tourist destination. People from all over the world, as well as from Brazil itself, are often seen mixing with Japanese housewives doing their grocery shopping on Galvão Bueno Street and businessmen looking for low priced Asian food for lunch. Also famous in the district is the Liberdade street market that occurs each Saturday and Sunday, which offers tastes of traditional Japanese food and various household goods and souvenirs. This well-known event attracts so many people from outside the district that the event is predominantly non-Asian.
Media
The now defunct Japanese newspaper São Paulo Shimbun was published in Liberdade.[4]
The Japanese newspaper Nikkey Shimbun and its sister Portuguese paper the Jornal Nippak are published in Liberdade.[5][6]
Culture and recreation
The Museu Histórico da Imigração Japonesa no Brasil (ブラジル日本移民史料館) is located in Liberdade.[7]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberdade (São Paulo).
References
^Lammardo, Clélia Person (2016). "Será Que Você Conhece São Paulo?". Jornal Maturidades. Universidade Aberta a Maturidade - PUC Ipiranga. 62. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
^ abNishimori, L.; Emiliano, L. (1999-11-12). "Crueldade marca início do bairro da Liberdade: No local eram enforcados criminosos e escravos no período colonial". Nippo. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
^"Igreja dos Enforcados". Revista SP (in Portuguese). 2012-07-05. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
^"Contato 2014-03-11 at the Wayback Machine." São Paulo Shimbun. Retrieved on March 17, 2014. "Jornal São Paulo Shimbun - Rua Mituto Mizumoto, 255 - Liberdade - São Paulo - SP"
^"ホーム 2014-10-22 at the Wayback Machine. Nikkey Shimbun. Retrieved on 17 March 2014. "RUA DA GLORIA, 326, LIBERDADE CEP 01510-000, SAO PAULO - SP, BRASIL"
^Home page 2015-05-26 at the Wayback Machine. Jornal Nippak. Retrieved on 17 March 2014. "Rua da Glória, 332 - Liberdade - São Paulo - SP"
^"Home." Museu Histórico da Imigração Japonesa no Brasil. Retrieved on March 19, 2014. "Rua: Joaquim, 381 - Liberdade - Cep: 01508-900 - São Paulo - SP"
^"Metrô: Estação Liberdade dá acesso à cultura japonesa em São Paulo" (in Portuguese). Governo do Estado de São Paulo. 2016-06-06. Retrieved 2016-12-14.
liberdade, district, são, paulo, liberdade, portuguese, libeɾˈdadʒi, liberty, japanese, リベルダージ, romanized, riberudāji, name, district, subprefecture, são, paulo, brazil, various, estimates, home, world, largest, ethnic, japanese, community, outside, japan, lib. Liberdade Portuguese libeɾˈdadʒi liberty Japanese リベルダージ romanized Riberudaji is the name of a district in the subprefecture of Se in Sao Paulo Brazil By various estimates it is home to the world s largest ethnic Japanese community outside Japan LiberdadeリベルダージNeighborhood of Sao PauloOne of Liberdade s main streetsLocation of Liberdade in Sao PauloCountry BrazilState Sao PauloCitySao PauloSubprefectureSeGovernment TypeSubprefectureArea Total3 7 km2 1 4 sq mi Population 2014 Total218 310 Density16 723 km2 43 310 sq mi HDI0 936 very highWebsiteSubprefecture of SeMap Contents 1 History 2 Overview 3 Media 4 Culture and recreation 5 Access 6 Gallery 7 See also 8 ReferencesHistory EditLiberdade was known as Campo da Forca Field of the Gallows until the late 19th century and was an area reserved for the execution of slaves and convicts Death was considered the only path to liberty liberdade for slaves The condemned were led to the Igreja Nossa Senhora da Boa Morte Church of Our Lady of Good Death to perform a final prayer for a rapid and painless death The church remains on Rua do Carmo at the corner of Rua Tabatinguera Slaves and other convicts were executed in the Largo da Forca Gallows Square the public square now known as Praca da Liberdade Cemiterio dos Aflitos Cemetery of the Afflicted was created in 1774 to bury executed slaves those who had committed suicide and others who could not be interred elsewhere The cemetery was replaced by housing development in the 20th century and the simple Capela dos Aflitos on Rua dos Estudantes is a remnant of the era Igreja da Santa Cruz das Almas dos Enforcados Church of Santa Cruz of the Souls of the Hanged prominently located to the south of the public square commemorates the dead of Campo da Forca Executions were carried out in Campo da Forca until 1891 and the square was renamed Liberdade 1 2 3 The Japanese presence in the neighborhood began in 1912 One of the reasons for this was that almost every property had a basement and the rents were incredibly cheap In these rooms groups of people lived Being a central neighborhood from there they could easily get around to workplaces By this time commercial activities began to emerge a hostel a market a house that made tofu another that made manju a Japanese confection and also job creating firms thus resulting in the label of the Japanese street In 1915 the Taisho Shogakko Taisho Primary School was founded which helped educate the children of Japanese immigrants then approximately 300 people In 1932 there were about 2 000 Japanese people in the city of Sao Paulo They came directly from Japan and also from the interior of Sao Paulo after concluding their work contracts on plantations in search of an opportunity in the city They worked in more than 60 activities but almost all the establishments worked to serve the Japanese Brazilian collective 1946 saw the founding of the Sao Paulo Shimbun newspaper the first postwar periodical among Nikkei Japanese immigrants as well as the inauguration of the still operating Sol Bookstore Taiyodo where Japanese books imported through the United States can be found The Tunibra travel agency began holding events in the same year In March 1947 an orchestra formed by Professor Masahiko Maruyama performed the first post war concert in the Auditorium of the Paulista Teacher s Center on Avenida Liberdade In 1953 Yoshikazu Tanaka inaugurated a 5 story building on Rua Galvao Bueno with a hall restaurant hotel and a large projection room on the ground floor with room for an audience of 1 500 named Cine Niteroi which grew to rival other Japanese operated theaters in the region In April 1964 the Japanese Cultural Association of Sao Paulo Bunkyo building was inaugurated In the decade of 1970 the subway station of Liberdade was constructed altering the urban composition of the region On January 28 1974 the Association of Shopkeepers Association officially became the Association of Shopkeepers of Liberdade Its first president Tsuyoshi Mizumoto sought the characterization of the eastern district Overview EditSignificant populations of Chinese Taiwanese and Koreans also live in the district of Liberdade Since 1974 the entrance to Liberdade has been marked by a nine meter tall red torii a characteristic arch marking the entrance to Shinto Shrines This towering structure situated on Rua Galvao Bueno is a distinctive representation of the neighborhood Liberdade was successfully connected to the Sao Paulo subway network in the 1970s opening the area up to commerce Today thousands of Paulistanos citizens of Sao Paulo flock to the public square in Liberdade every Sunday to purchase craft goods at the weekly fair In January 2008 in order to celebrate 100 years of Japanese immigration to Brazil a project to revitalize the quarter was approved by the mayor Gilberto Kassab 40 of the restoration was for the visit of Crown Prince Naruhito to Sao Paulo in June 2008 The Japanese presence in the neighborhood began in 1912 At this time Japanese immigrants began to take up residence on the Rua Conde de Sarzedas 2 This street had a steep slope that gave way to a running stream and swamp area Basement apartments were numerous and inexpensive and groups of people or families often lived together in the small rooms However the central location of the neighborhood meant immigrants could also be closer to work As the number of immigrants in the neighborhood grew so did commercial activity Soon Japanese owned inns emporiums restaurants shops and markets were popping up These new commercial endeavors also become workplaces which brought more immigrants to the area and thus the street of the Japanese was formed Liberdade is a meeting spot for many groups especially among young people who are interested in Japanese culture Manga Japanese comics fans sometimes participating in cosplay can be seen in the district almost any day of the week especially on weekends The district is also a popular tourist destination People from all over the world as well as from Brazil itself are often seen mixing with Japanese housewives doing their grocery shopping on Galvao Bueno Street and businessmen looking for low priced Asian food for lunch Also famous in the district is the Liberdade street market that occurs each Saturday and Sunday which offers tastes of traditional Japanese food and various household goods and souvenirs This well known event attracts so many people from outside the district that the event is predominantly non Asian Media EditThe now defunct Japanese newspaper Sao Paulo Shimbun was published in Liberdade 4 The Japanese newspaper Nikkey Shimbun and its sister Portuguese paper the Jornal Nippak are published in Liberdade 5 6 Culture and recreation EditThe Museu Historico da Imigracao Japonesa no Brasil ブラジル日本移民史料館 is located in Liberdade 7 Access EditLiberdade is served by the Sao Paulo Metro Japao Liberdade Station a station on Line 1 Blue The station opened in 1975 and receives 21 000 passengers per day Access to the station is via Praca da Liberdade 8 9 Gallery Edit Torii Sao Paulo Street in Liberdade Japanese signboard Commerce in Portuguese Japanese and Chinese Street in Liberdade Street market Street in Liberdade Japanese signs on a skyscraper Japanese inspired wood torii gate Commencial center of Liberdade Monument to the Japanese immigration Street in Liberdade Part of the oriental garden Itau bank with Japanese slogan あなたのためのイタウ Anata no tame no Itau Itau for you McDonald s in Japanese マクドナルド ハンバーガー Makudonarudo Hanbaga McDonald s Hamburgers Bradesco bank orientalized Liberdade s Torii Traffic lights Bridge in LiberdadeSee also EditJapanese community of Sao Paulo Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberdade Sao Paulo References Edit Lammardo Clelia Person 2016 Sera Que Voce Conhece Sao Paulo Jornal Maturidades Universidade Aberta a Maturidade PUC Ipiranga 62 Retrieved 2016 08 28 a b Nishimori L Emiliano L 1999 11 12 Crueldade marca inicio do bairro da Liberdade No local eram enforcados criminosos e escravos no periodo colonial Nippo Retrieved 2016 08 28 Igreja dos Enforcados Revista SP in Portuguese 2012 07 05 Retrieved 2016 08 28 Contato Archived 2014 03 11 at the Wayback Machine Sao Paulo Shimbun Retrieved on March 17 2014 Jornal Sao Paulo Shimbun Rua Mituto Mizumoto 255 Liberdade Sao Paulo SP ホーム Archived 2014 10 22 at the Wayback Machine Nikkey Shimbun Retrieved on 17 March 2014 RUA DA GLORIA 326 LIBERDADE CEP 01510 000 SAO PAULO SP BRASIL Home page Archived 2015 05 26 at the Wayback Machine Jornal Nippak Retrieved on 17 March 2014 Rua da Gloria 332 Liberdade Sao Paulo SP Home Museu Historico da Imigracao Japonesa no Brasil Retrieved on March 19 2014 Rua Joaquim 381 Liberdade Cep 01508 900 Sao Paulo SP Metro Estacao Liberdade da acesso a cultura japonesa em Sao Paulo in Portuguese Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo 2016 06 06 Retrieved 2016 12 14 Liberdade Sao Paulo Metro in Portuguese Coordinates 23 34 04 S 46 37 46 W 23 5677777878 S 46 6294444544 W 23 5677777878 46 6294444544 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Liberdade district of Sao Paulo amp oldid 1136795883, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
