In linguistics, lexicalization is the process of adding words, set phrases, or word patterns to a language's lexicon.
Whether word formation and lexicalization refer to the same process is controversial within the field of linguistics. Most linguists agree that there is a distinction, but there are many ideas of what the distinction is.[1] Lexicalization may be simple, for example borrowing a word from another language, or more involved, as in calque or loan translation, wherein a foreign phrase is translated literally, as in marché aux puces, or in English, flea market.
Other mechanisms include compounding, abbreviation, and blending.[2] Particularly interesting from the perspective of historical linguistics is the process by which ad hoc phrases become set in the language, and eventually become new words (see lexicon). Lexicalization contrasts with grammaticalization, and the relationship between the two processes is subject to some debate.
In psycholinguistics, lexicalization is the process of going from meaning to sound in speech production. The most widely accepted model, speech production, in which an underlying concept is converted into a word, is at least a two-stage process.
First, the semantic form (which is specified for meaning) is converted into a lemma, which is an abstract form specified for semantic and syntactic information (how a word can be used in a sentence), but not for phonological information (how a word is pronounced). The next stage is the lexeme, which is phonologically specified.[3]
Some recent work has challenged this model, suggesting for example that there is no lemma stage, and that syntactic information is retrieved in the semantic and phonological stages.[4]
In sign languagesedit
One way sign languages adopt new words is through fingerspelling, but in some cases these borrowings undergo a systemic transformation in form and meaning to become what are referred to as 'lexicalized signs'[5] or 'loan signs.' These manual borrowings can act the same as other signs and can undergo regularly morphological changes.[6] For example, regular, predictable changes may be made to hand shape and palm orientation. Similarly, movement and location of the sign may add grammatical information. Letters may also be elided or omitted.[5][7] Lexicalized signs may also be developed from gestures related to handling an object.[8]
Brinton & Traugott, 2005, Lexicalization and Language Change. Cambridge University Press.
^Lipka, Leonhard (January 1992). "Lexicalization and Institutionalization in English and German" (PDF). Linguistica Pragensia: 1–13. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
^Talmy, Leonard (2000). Toward a Cognitive Semantics(PDF). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
^Harley, T. (2005) The Psychology of Language. Hove; New York: Psychology Press: 359
^Caramazza, A. (1997) How many levels of processing are there in lexical access? Cognitive Neuropsychology, 14, 177-208.
^ abBoinis, S.; Gajewski Mickelson, P.; Gordon, P.; Krouse, L.S.; Swabey, L (1996). Self-paced Modules for Educational Interpreter Skill Development: Fingerspelling. Little Canada, Minnesota: Minnesota Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf. pp. F-12, F-14.
^Bellugi, Ursula; Newkirk, Don (1981). "Formal Devices for Creating New Signs in American Sign Language". Sign Language Studies. Spring 1981 (30): 4. JSTOR 26203610.
^Neidle, Carol; Poole Nash, Joan Cottle (2015). "American Sign Language". In Bakken Jepsen, Julie; De Clerck, Goedele; Lutalo-Kiingi, Sam; McGregor, William B. (eds.). Sign Languages of the World: A Comparative Handbook. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Inc. & Ishara Press. p. 38. doi:10.1515/9781614518174-007. ISBN978-1-61451-796-2.
^Leeson, Lorraine; Saeed, John I.; Grehan, Carmel (2015). "Irish Sign Language (ISL)". Sign Languages of the World: A Comparative Handbook. p. 462. doi:10.1515/9781614518174-024.
January 19, 2024
lexicalization, linguistics, lexicalization, process, adding, words, phrases, word, patterns, language, lexicon, whether, word, formation, lexicalization, refer, same, process, controversial, within, field, linguistics, most, linguists, agree, that, there, dis. In linguistics lexicalization is the process of adding words set phrases or word patterns to a language s lexicon Whether word formation and lexicalization refer to the same process is controversial within the field of linguistics Most linguists agree that there is a distinction but there are many ideas of what the distinction is 1 Lexicalization may be simple for example borrowing a word from another language or more involved as in calque or loan translation wherein a foreign phrase is translated literally as in marche aux puces or in English flea market Other mechanisms include compounding abbreviation and blending 2 Particularly interesting from the perspective of historical linguistics is the process by which ad hoc phrases become set in the language and eventually become new words see lexicon Lexicalization contrasts with grammaticalization and the relationship between the two processes is subject to some debate Contents 1 In psycholinguistics 2 In sign languages 3 See also 4 ReferencesIn psycholinguistics editIn psycholinguistics lexicalization is the process of going from meaning to sound in speech production The most widely accepted model speech production in which an underlying concept is converted into a word is at least a two stage process First the semantic form which is specified for meaning is converted into a lemma which is an abstract form specified for semantic and syntactic information how a word can be used in a sentence but not for phonological information how a word is pronounced The next stage is the lexeme which is phonologically specified 3 Some recent work has challenged this model suggesting for example that there is no lemma stage and that syntactic information is retrieved in the semantic and phonological stages 4 In sign languages editOne way sign languages adopt new words is through fingerspelling but in some cases these borrowings undergo a systemic transformation in form and meaning to become what are referred to as lexicalized signs 5 or loan signs These manual borrowings can act the same as other signs and can undergo regularly morphological changes 6 For example regular predictable changes may be made to hand shape and palm orientation Similarly movement and location of the sign may add grammatical information Letters may also be elided or omitted 5 7 Lexicalized signs may also be developed from gestures related to handling an object 8 See also editLexical analysis Lexical semantics Linguistics PsycholinguisticsReferences editBrinton amp Traugott 2005 Lexicalization and Language Change Cambridge University Press Lipka Leonhard January 1992 Lexicalization and Institutionalization in English and German PDF Linguistica Pragensia 1 13 Retrieved 10 October 2014 Talmy Leonard 2000 Toward a Cognitive Semantics PDF Cambridge MA MIT Press Retrieved 10 October 2014 Harley T 2005 The Psychology of Language Hove New York Psychology Press 359 Caramazza A 1997 How many levels of processing are there in lexical access Cognitive Neuropsychology 14 177 208 a b Boinis S Gajewski Mickelson P Gordon P Krouse L S Swabey L 1996 Self paced Modules for Educational Interpreter Skill Development Fingerspelling Little Canada Minnesota Minnesota Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf pp F 12 F 14 Bellugi Ursula Newkirk Don 1981 Formal Devices for Creating New Signs in American Sign Language Sign Language Studies Spring 1981 30 4 JSTOR 26203610 Neidle Carol Poole Nash Joan Cottle 2015 American Sign Language In Bakken Jepsen Julie De Clerck Goedele Lutalo Kiingi Sam McGregor William B eds Sign Languages of the World A Comparative Handbook Berlin Walter de Gruyter Inc amp Ishara Press p 38 doi 10 1515 9781614518174 007 ISBN 978 1 61451 796 2 Leeson Lorraine Saeed John I Grehan Carmel 2015 Irish Sign Language ISL Sign Languages of the World A Comparative Handbook p 462 doi 10 1515 9781614518174 024 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lexicalization amp oldid 1183049787, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
