Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses[a]) is a national park in Maranhão state in northeastern Brazil, just east of the Baía de São José. Protected on June 2, 1981, the 155,000 ha (380,000-acre) park includes 70 km (43 mi) of coastline, and an interior composed of rolling sand dunes. During the rainy season, the valleys among the dunes fill with freshwater lagoons, prevented from draining due to the impermeable rock beneath. The park is home to a range of species, including four listed as endangered, and has become a popular destination for ecotourists.
The park is located on the northeastern coast of Brazil in the state of Maranhão along the eastern coast, bordered by 70 kilometres (43 mi) of beaches along the Atlantic Ocean.[4][5]: 80 Inland, it is bordered by the Parnaíba River, the São José Basin, and the rivers of Itapecuru, Munim, and Periá.[5]: 80 The park encompasses an area of 155,000 hectares (380,000 acres), composed mainly of expansive coastal dune fields (composed of barchanoid dunes), which formed during the late Quaternary period.[1][5]: 79
While much of the park has the appearance of a desert, the area receives about 1,200 millimetres (47 in) of rain per year, while deserts, by definition, receive less than 250 millimetres (10 in) annually.[3] About 70% of this rainfall occurs between the months of January and May.[4]
The sand is carried to the park from the interior of the continent by the Parnaíba and Preguiças rivers, where it is then driven back inland up to 50 kilometres (31 mi) by winds, creating a series of sand dunes rising as much as 40 metres (130 ft) tall.[3] During the rainy season, between the months of January and June, the rainstorms fill the spaces among the dunes with fresh water lagoons of up to 100 metres (330 ft) in length and 3 metres (10 ft) in depth, and together comprising as much as 41% of the area of the park.[4][6] The water in the lagoons is prevented from draining by a layer of impermeable rock located beneath the sandy surface.[2] The lagoons typically have a temperature between 27.5 °C (81.5 °F) and 32 °C (90 °F), pH of between 4.9 and 6.2, and low levels of dissolved nutrients.[7] When the dry season returns, the pools quickly evaporate, losing as much as 1 metre (3 ft) of depth per month.[6]
In the interior of the park are located two oases or restingas, Queimada do Britos, covering an area of 1,100 hectares (2,700 acres), and Baixa Grande, covering an area of 850 hectares (2,100 acres).[4]
The area of the park has an average annual temperature of between 26 °C (79 °F) and 28.5 °C (83.3 °F) and an annual temperature variation of about 1.1 °C (2 °F).[4][7]
Ecology
The lagoons in the park are often interconnected with one another, as well as with the rivers that run through the area. They are home to a number of fish and insect species, including the wolf fish, which burrows down into wet layers of mud and remains dormant during the dry season.[6][3] Besides the dunes that form the centerpiece of the park, the ecosystem also includes area of restinga and mangrove ecosystems.[2]
The park is home to four species listed on the Brazilian List of Endangered Species, the scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber), the neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis), the oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) and the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus).[2] The park also includes 133 species of plants, 112 species of birds, and at least 42 species of reptiles.[2][4]
Tourism
Lençóis Maranhenses National Park receives as many as 60,000 visitors a year.[3][5]: 80 Common activities within the park include surfing, canoeing and horseback riding.[5]: 80
^ abStrutner, Suzy. "Lençóis Maranhenses Is A Magical Desert-Like Wonderland". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
^ abcde"Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses – Lençóis Maranhenses National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
^ abcdeRibeiro, Ronaldo (2010). "A Sea of Dunes". National Geographic. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
^ abcdefMiranda, Jivanildo; Lopes Costa, João Carlos; Duarte da Rocha, Carlos Frederico (29 November 2012). "Reptiles from Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Maranhão, northeastern Brazil". ZooKeys (246): 51–68. doi:10.3897/zookeys.246.2593. PMC3520146. PMID 23275751.
^ abcdeVieira, Bianca Carvalho; Salgado, André Augusto Rodrigues; Santos, Leonardo José Cordeiro (5 March 2015). Landscapes and Landforms of Brazil. Springer Publishing. ISBN978-94-017-8023-0.
^ abcGeiling, Natasha (June 20, 2014). "How Do Thousands of Clear Blue Lagoons End Up In These Brazilian Sand Dunes?". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
^ abMoschini-Carlos, V.; Pereira, D.; Wisniewski, MJS; Pompêo, MLM (2008). "The planktonic community in tropical interdunal ponds (Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Maranhão State, Brazil)" (PDF). Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia. 20 (2): 99–110. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
^. The Times of India. 2010-10-26. Archived from the original on 2012-11-03. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
^. Wherewasitshot.com. 2010-09-28. Archived from the original on 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
^"Vingadores: Guerra Infinita | Entenda qual importante cena foi gravada no Brasil". Omelete (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-05-06.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Lençóis Maranhenses.
January 13, 2023
lençóis, maranhenses, national, park, parque, nacional, lençóis, maranhenses, national, park, maranhão, state, northeastern, brazil, just, east, baía, são, josé, protected, june, 1981, acre, park, includes, coastline, interior, composed, rolling, sand, dunes, . Lencois Maranhenses National Park Parque Nacional dos Lencois Maranhenses a is a national park in Maranhao state in northeastern Brazil just east of the Baia de Sao Jose Protected on June 2 1981 the 155 000 ha 380 000 acre park includes 70 km 43 mi of coastline and an interior composed of rolling sand dunes During the rainy season the valleys among the dunes fill with freshwater lagoons prevented from draining due to the impermeable rock beneath The park is home to a range of species including four listed as endangered and has become a popular destination for ecotourists Lencois Maranhenses National ParkIUCN category II national park LocationNortheastern Maranhao BrazilCoordinates02 32 S 43 07 W 2 533 S 43 117 W 2 533 43 117 Coordinates 02 32 S 43 07 W 2 533 S 43 117 W 2 533 43 117Area155 000 hectares 380 000 acres 1 DesignationNational parkCreatedJune 2 1981 2 Governing bodyIBAMAWebsitehttp parquelencois com br Contents 1 Physical geography 2 Ecology 3 Tourism 4 In popular culture 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksPhysical geography EditThe park is located on the northeastern coast of Brazil in the state of Maranhao along the eastern coast bordered by 70 kilometres 43 mi of beaches along the Atlantic Ocean 4 5 80 Inland it is bordered by the Parnaiba River the Sao Jose Basin and the rivers of Itapecuru Munim and Peria 5 80 The park encompasses an area of 155 000 hectares 380 000 acres composed mainly of expansive coastal dune fields composed of barchanoid dunes which formed during the late Quaternary period 1 5 79 While much of the park has the appearance of a desert the area receives about 1 200 millimetres 47 in of rain per year while deserts by definition receive less than 250 millimetres 10 in annually 3 About 70 of this rainfall occurs between the months of January and May 4 The sand is carried to the park from the interior of the continent by the Parnaiba and Preguicas rivers where it is then driven back inland up to 50 kilometres 31 mi by winds creating a series of sand dunes rising as much as 40 metres 130 ft tall 3 During the rainy season between the months of January and June the rainstorms fill the spaces among the dunes with fresh water lagoons of up to 100 metres 330 ft in length and 3 metres 10 ft in depth and together comprising as much as 41 of the area of the park 4 6 The water in the lagoons is prevented from draining by a layer of impermeable rock located beneath the sandy surface 2 The lagoons typically have a temperature between 27 5 C 81 5 F and 32 C 90 F pH of between 4 9 and 6 2 and low levels of dissolved nutrients 7 When the dry season returns the pools quickly evaporate losing as much as 1 metre 3 ft of depth per month 6 In the interior of the park are located two oases or restingas Queimada do Britos covering an area of 1 100 hectares 2 700 acres and Baixa Grande covering an area of 850 hectares 2 100 acres 4 The area of the park has an average annual temperature of between 26 C 79 F and 28 5 C 83 3 F and an annual temperature variation of about 1 1 C 2 F 4 7 Ecology EditThe lagoons in the park are often interconnected with one another as well as with the rivers that run through the area They are home to a number of fish and insect species including the wolf fish which burrows down into wet layers of mud and remains dormant during the dry season 6 3 Besides the dunes that form the centerpiece of the park the ecosystem also includes area of restinga and mangrove ecosystems 2 The park is home to four species listed on the Brazilian List of Endangered Species the scarlet ibis Eudocimus ruber the neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis the oncilla Leopardus tigrinus and the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus 2 The park also includes 133 species of plants 112 species of birds and at least 42 species of reptiles 2 4 Tourism Edit Lencois Maranhenses National Park receives as many as 60 000 visitors a year 3 5 80 Common activities within the park include surfing canoeing and horseback riding 5 80 In popular culture EditThe park was featured in the Brazilian film The House of Sand Kadhal Anukkal a song from an Indian Tamil language film Enthiran starring Rajnikanth and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan was also shot here 8 9 The films Avengers Infinity War 2018 and Avengers Endgame 2019 used the park s landscape as the planet of Vormir 10 See also Edit Brazil portalGenipabu Conservation in Brazil List of national parks of BrazilNotes Edit Literally the bedsheets of Maranhao 3 References Edit a b Strutner Suzy Lencois Maranhenses Is A Magical Desert Like Wonderland The Huffington Post Retrieved 5 August 2018 a b c d e Parque Nacional dos Lencois Maranhenses Lencois Maranhenses National Park UNESCO Retrieved 6 August 2018 a b c d e Ribeiro Ronaldo 2010 A Sea of Dunes National Geographic Retrieved 24 August 2018 a b c d e f Miranda Jivanildo Lopes Costa Joao Carlos Duarte da Rocha Carlos Frederico 29 November 2012 Reptiles from Lencois Maranhenses National Park Maranhao northeastern Brazil ZooKeys 246 51 68 doi 10 3897 zookeys 246 2593 PMC 3520146 PMID 23275751 a b c d e Vieira Bianca Carvalho Salgado Andre Augusto Rodrigues Santos Leonardo Jose Cordeiro 5 March 2015 Landscapes and Landforms of Brazil Springer Publishing ISBN 978 94 017 8023 0 a b c Geiling Natasha June 20 2014 How Do Thousands of Clear Blue Lagoons End Up In These Brazilian Sand Dunes Smithsonian Magazine Retrieved 5 August 2018 a b Moschini Carlos V Pereira D Wisniewski MJS Pompeo MLM 2008 The planktonic community in tropical interdunal ponds Lencois Maranhenses National Park Maranhao State Brazil PDF Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 20 2 99 110 Retrieved 6 August 2018 Kollywood in search of exotic locations The Times of India 2010 10 26 Archived from the original on 2012 11 03 Retrieved 2015 04 17 Lencois Maranhenses National Park Brazil Wherewasitshot com 2010 09 28 Archived from the original on 2014 11 06 Retrieved 2015 04 17 Vingadores Guerra Infinita Entenda qual importante cena foi gravada no Brasil Omelete in Brazilian Portuguese Retrieved 2018 05 06 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parque Nacional dos Lencois Maranhenses Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Lencois Maranhenses Lencois Maranhenses National Park s Official site Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lencois Maranhenses National Park amp oldid 1124705270, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
