The botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker, noting similarities of the floras of Australia, New Zealand, and southern South America in his six-volume Flora Antarctica, published between 1844 and 1859, proposed land bridges between these land masses.[2]
In the 19th century, scientists including Joseph Dalton Hooker noted puzzling geological, botanical, and zoological similarities between widely separated areas. To solve these problems, they proposed land bridges between appropriate land masses.[2][3] In geology, the concept was first proposed by Jules Marcou in Lettres sur les roches du Jura et leur distribution géographique dans les deux hémisphères ("Letters on the rocks of the Jura [Mountains] and their geographic distribution in the two hemispheres"), 1857–1860.[3]
The theory of continental drift provided an alternate explanation that did not require land bridges.[4] However the continental drift theory was not widely accepted until the development of plate tectonics in the early 1960s, which more completely explained the motion of continents over geological time.[5][6]
^ abWebb, S. David (23 August 2006). "The Great American Biotic Interchange: Patterns and Processes". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 93 (2): 245–257. doi:10.3417/0026-6493(2006)93[245:TGABIP]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 198152030.
^ abWinkworth, Richard C. (2010). "Darwin and dispersal". Biology International. 47: 139–144.
^Holmes, Arthur (18 April 1953). "Land Bridges or Continental Drift?" (PDF). Nature: 669–671.
^Le Pichon, Xavier (15 June 1968). "Sea-floor spreading and continental drift". Journal of Geophysical Research. 73 (12): 3661–97. Bibcode:1968JGR....73.3661L. doi:10.1029/JB073i012p03661.
^Mc Kenzie, D.; Parker, R.L. (1967). "The North Pacific: an example of tectonics on a sphere". Nature. 216 (5122): 1276–1280. Bibcode:1967Natur.216.1276M. doi:10.1038/2161276a0. S2CID 4193218.
The dictionary definition of land bridge at Wiktionary
January 19, 2024
land, bridge, other, uses, disambiguation, biogeography, land, bridge, isthmus, wider, land, connection, between, otherwise, separate, areas, over, which, animals, plants, able, cross, colonize, lands, land, bridge, created, marine, regression, which, levels, . For other uses see Land bridge disambiguation In biogeography a land bridge is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas over which animals and plants are able to cross and colonize new lands A land bridge can be created by marine regression in which sea levels fall exposing shallow previously submerged sections of continental shelf or when new land is created by plate tectonics or occasionally when the sea floor rises due to post glacial rebound after an ice age The Isthmus of Panama is a land bridge whose appearance 3 million years ago enabled the Great American Biotic Interchange in which animals and plants from the north colonized the south and vice versa 1 Contents 1 Prominent examples 1 1 Former land bridges 1 2 Current land bridges 2 Land bridge theory 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksProminent examples editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2024 Learn how and when to remove this template message nbsp Map of Sahul and Sunda land masses that have provided land bridges at various points throughout the PleistoceneFormer land bridges edit The Bassian Plain which linked Australia and Tasmania The Bering Land Bridge aka Beringia which intermittently connected Alaska Northern America with Siberia North Asia as sea levels rose and fell under the effect of ice ages Land bridges of Japan several land bridges which connected Japan to Russia and Korea at various times in history De Geer Land Bridge a route that connected Fennoscandia to northern Greenland Doggerland a former landmass in the southern North Sea which connected the island of Great Britain to continental Europe during the last ice age The Thule Land Bridge a since disappeared land bridge between the British Isles and Greenland Torres Strait land bridge Sahul between modern day West Papua and Cape York Sundaland a 1 800 000 km2 area which connected the islands of Southeast Asia at various points during the last 2 6 million yearsCurrent land bridges edit Adam s Bridge also known as Rama Setu connecting India and Sri Lanka The Isthmus of Panama whose appearance three million years ago allowed the Great American Biotic Interchange between North America and South America 1 The Sinai Peninsula linking Africa and EurasiaLand bridge theory edit nbsp The botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker noting similarities of the floras of Australia New Zealand and southern South America in his six volume Flora Antarctica published between 1844 and 1859 proposed land bridges between these land masses 2 In the 19th century scientists including Joseph Dalton Hooker noted puzzling geological botanical and zoological similarities between widely separated areas To solve these problems they proposed land bridges between appropriate land masses 2 3 In geology the concept was first proposed by Jules Marcou in Lettres sur les roches du Jura et leur distribution geographique dans les deux hemispheres Letters on the rocks of the Jura Mountains and their geographic distribution in the two hemispheres 1857 1860 3 The hypothetical land bridges included 3 Archatlantis from the West Indies to North Africa Archhelenis from Brazil to South Africa Archiboreis in the North Atlantic Archigalenis from Central America through Hawaii to Northeast Asia Archinotis from South America to Antarctica Lemuria in the Indian OceanThe theory of continental drift provided an alternate explanation that did not require land bridges 4 However the continental drift theory was not widely accepted until the development of plate tectonics in the early 1960s which more completely explained the motion of continents over geological time 5 6 See also editHabitat fragmentation Sea level riseReferences edit a b Webb S David 23 August 2006 The Great American Biotic Interchange Patterns and Processes Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 93 2 245 257 doi 10 3417 0026 6493 2006 93 245 TGABIP 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 198152030 a b Winkworth Richard C 2010 Darwin and dispersal Biology International 47 139 144 a b c Corliss William R June 1975 Mysteries Beneath the Sea Apollo Editions ISBN 978 0815203735 Chapter 5 Up and Down Landbridges Holmes Arthur 18 April 1953 Land Bridges or Continental Drift PDF Nature 669 671 Le Pichon Xavier 15 June 1968 Sea floor spreading and continental drift Journal of Geophysical Research 73 12 3661 97 Bibcode 1968JGR 73 3661L doi 10 1029 JB073i012p03661 Mc Kenzie D Parker R L 1967 The North Pacific an example of tectonics on a sphere Nature 216 5122 1276 1280 Bibcode 1967Natur 216 1276M doi 10 1038 2161276a0 S2CID 4193218 Further reading editErnest Ingersoll 1920 Land Bridges Across the Oceans Encyclopedia Americana External links edit nbsp The dictionary definition of land bridge at Wiktionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Land bridge amp oldid 1196870940, 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