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La Soufrière (volcano)

March 20, 2023

Not to be confused with Soufrière Hills, La Grande Soufrière, or Soufrière Volcanic Center.

La Soufrière or Soufrière Saint Vincent (French pronunciation: ​[sufʁjɛʁ sɛ̃ vɛ̃sɑ̃]) is an active stratovolcano on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It is the highest peak in Saint Vincent, and has had five recorded explosive eruptions since 1718. The latest eruptive activity began on 27 December 2020 with the slow extrusion of a dome of lava, and culminated in a series of explosive events between 9 and 22 April 2021.[3][4]

La Soufrière
Highest point
Elevation1,234 m (4,049 ft)[1]
Prominence1,234 m (4,049 ft)[1]
Listing
Coordinates13°20′N 61°11′W / 13.333°N 61.183°W / 13.333; -61.183Coordinates: 13°20′N 61°11′W / 13.333°N 61.183°W / 13.333; -61.183
Geography
La Soufrière
LocationSaint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, West Indies
Geology
Mountain typeStratovolcano (active)
Volcanic arc/beltLesser Antilles Volcanic Arc
Last eruptionDecember 27, 2020 – April 22, 2021[2]
Climbing
Easiest routeFrom the windward (Atlantic) side

Geography and structure

At 1,234 m (4,049 ft), La Soufrière is the highest peak on Saint Vincent as well as the highest point in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.[1] Soufrière is a stratovolcano with a crater lake and is the island's youngest and northernmost volcano.[5] During periods of inactivity, visitors can view the volcanic crater by following a hiking trail that ascends through rainforest to the rim.[6]

Eruptive history

La Soufrière has had five explosive eruptions during the recorded historical period.[7][8] It violently erupted in 1718, 1812,[9] 1902, 1979, and 2021. A famous painting by J. M. W. Turner of the eruption on 30 April 1812 belongs to the Victoria Gallery & Museum, University of Liverpool.[10][11]

Eruption of 1902

The Saint Vincent eruption of 6 May 1902 killed 1,680 people, just hours before the eruption of Mount Pelée on Martinique that killed 29,000. On St. Vincent, a further 600 people were injured or burned and 4,000 were left homeless.[12] The death zone, where almost all persons were killed, was mainly within Island Caribs habitat, an indigenous people of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean. This last large remnant of Carib culture was destroyed as a result of the volcano.[13] By 1907, the volcano was considered inactive, and the crater lake had reformed.[14]

Activity in 1971

A minor event occurred in 1971,[15] altering the structure of the volcano's crater lake.[16][17]

Eruption of 1979

An eruption on April 13, 1979 caused no casualties as advance warning allowed thousands of local residents to evacuate to nearby beaches.[18][19] The 1979 eruption created a large ash plume that reached Barbados, 160 km (100 mi) to the east of the volcano.[19] A newspaper report stated that two infants had died during the evacuation of some 1,500 people, though the report was not confirmed. Financial and material aid was provided by the United Kingdom and USA.[20]

2020–2021 activity

Main article: 2021 eruption of La Soufrière
 
Volcanic plume seen on 9 April 2021 by the Sentinel-3B satellite

Increased seismic activity was detected in December 2020; and an effusive eruption began to form a new lava dome inside the summit crater on 27 December.[21][22] Government officials began outreach efforts to residents in the area throughout December and January, in order to review evacuation plans in case volcanic activity at the volcano escalated.[19] The effusive eruption continued into January, during which time the lava dome had grown between 100 and 200 m (330 and 660 ft) wide and 900 m (3,000 ft) long,[23] a growth which continued in February as the lava dome was also releasing gas and steam plumes from its top.[24] By 22 March 2021, the lava dome was 105 m (344 ft) tall, 243 m (797 ft) wide and 921 m (3,022 ft) long. Sulfur dioxide emissions were being generated from the top of the dome.[25] On 8 April 2021, after a sustained increase of volcanic and seismic activity over the preceding days, a red alert was declared and an evacuation order issued as an explosive phase of the eruption was deemed to be imminent.[26][27]

An explosive eruption occurred at 8:41 AM AST on April 9, 2021, with an ash plume reaching approximately 8,000 m (26,000 ft)[28] and drifting eastward towards the Atlantic Ocean.[29][30] By then, approximately 16,000 people had evacuated the area surrounding the volcano.[19] Subsequent explosive eruptions, created by multiple pulses of ash, were reported in the afternoon[29][31] and evening of 9 April, according to the University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre.[31] Explosions continued over the following days, with plumes reaching nearby Barbados and covering the island with ash.[32] Residents were also faced with power outages and cut off water supplies, and the airspace over the island was closed due to the presence of smoke and thick plumes of volcanic ash.[33] There were further reports of continued explosive activity and pyroclastic flows.[34][35] The final explosion took place on 22 April 2021.[36]

The eruption, rated as VEI-4 on the Explosivity Index, was comparable in size to the eruptions of 1979.[37]

Support of inhabitants

Saint Lucia, Grenada, Antigua and Barbados all agreed to take in evacuees. Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves encouraged people evacuating to shelters elsewhere on Saint Vincent to take the COVID-19 vaccine.[30] Venezuelan Foreign Minister Jorge Arreaza announced via Twitter that his country would be sending humanitarian supplies and risk experts.[7] Carnival Cruise Lines sent the Carnival Paradise and Carnival Legend to each transport up to 1,500 residents to neighbouring islands. The cruise line Royal Caribbean Group sent Serenade of the Seas and Celebrity Reflection.[3]

Assistance and emergency financial support was being provided by several nearby islands, the United Kingdom and agencies such as the United Nations. The first significant offer of long-term funding, of US$20 million, was announced on 13 April 2021 by the World Bank.[38]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "La Soufrière" on Peakbagger.com 28 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 October 2011
  2. ^ "Soufrière St. Vincent". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  3. ^ a b Deane, Kristin; Coto, Dánica (12 April 2021). "'Huge' explosion rocks St. Vincent as volcano keeps erupting". AP NEWS. from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  4. ^ Joseph, E. P.; Camejo-Harry, M.; Christopher, T.; Contreras-Arratia, R.; Edwards, S.; Graham, O.; Johnson, M.; Juman, A.; Latchman, J. L.; Lynch, L.; Miller, V. L.; Papadopoulos, I.; Pascal, K.; Robertson, R.; Ryan, G. A.; Stinton, A.; Grandin, R.; Hamling, I.; Jo, M-J.; Barclay, J.; Cole, P.; Davies, B. V.; Sparks, R. S. J. (2022). "Responding to eruptive transitions during the 2020–2021 eruption of la Soufrière volcano, St. Vincent". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 4129. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.4129J. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31901-4. PMC 9287448. PMID 35840594.
  5. ^ Andrews, Robin George (9 April 2021). "Science news - Why the volcano erupting in the Caribbean has such a deadly reputation". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  6. ^ "St. Vincent sparkles in the Caribbean (2001)". Arizona Republic. 13 May 2001. p. 199. from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  7. ^ a b Tatiana Arias; Anne Claire Stapleton; Steve Almasy (9 April 2021). "St. Vincent on red alert for 'imminent' volcanic eruption". CNN. from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  8. ^ (PDF). ST. AUGUSTINE, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: SEISMIC RESEARCH CENTRE, THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES. 8 April 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  9. ^ "Souffrier Mountain". The Edinburgh Gazetteer, or Geographical Dictionary, Volume 5. Edinburgh: Printed for Archibald Constable & Co., Hurst, Robinson & Co., London, and Thomas Ward, Philadelphia. 1822. pp. 680–682. from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  10. ^ Draper, Amanda (19 March 2019). "Fine & Decorative Arts Collections". University of Liverpool. from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021. an oil painting by Turner showing a spectacular erupting volcano in the Caribbean that is requested for so many exhibitions around the world it has its own custom-made travel case.
  11. ^ "The Eruption of the Soufrière Mountains in the Island of St Vincent, at Midnight, on the 30th of April, 1812, from a Sketch Taken at the Time by Hugh P. Keane, by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775–1851)". Art UK. from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  12. ^ "St. Vincent volcano is now less active (1902)". The Fort Wayne Sentinel. 26 May 1902. p. 1. from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  13. ^ Ober, Frederick Albion (1907). Our West Indian Neighbors: The Islands of the Caribbean Sea, " America's Mediterranean": Their Picturesque Features, Fascinating History, and Attractions for the Traveler, Nature-lover, Settler and Pleasure-seeker. J. Pott. pp. 375–. from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
  14. ^ "St. Vincent Volcano (1907)". Deseret News. 4 April 1907. p. 8. from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  15. ^ "St. Vincent volcano erupts; Villages ordered evacuated (1979)". The Miami Herald. 14 April 1979. p. 81. from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  16. ^ "St. Vincent has Volcano Alert (1971)". The Tampa Tribune. 23 November 1971. p. 1. from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  17. ^ "Island's leader urges calm as St. Vincent volcano boils (1971)". The Miami Herald. 24 November 1971. p. 13. from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  18. ^ Shepherd, J. B.; Aspinall, W. P.; Rowley, K. C.; Pereira, J.; Sigurdsson, H.; Fiske, R. S.; Tomblin, J. F. (1 November 1979). "The eruption of Soufrière volcano, St Vincent April–June 1979". Nature. 282 (5734): 24–28. Bibcode:1979Natur.282...24S. doi:10.1038/282024a0. S2CID 4327849. from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  19. ^ a b c d Ernesto Cooke; Oscar Lopez (9 April 2021). "Volcano Erupts in Southern Caribbean". New York Times. from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  20. ^ "Little Activity Recorded at St. Vincent Volcano (1979)". Daily Press. 16 April 1979. p. 5. from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  21. ^ "New Dome Forms At La Soufriere, Experts Cannot Predict Eruption". News784. 29 December 2020. from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  22. ^ "Alert raised as SVG's volcano oozes magma". iWitness News. 29 December 2020. from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  23. ^ "Scientists warn of possible La Soufriere eruption". NationNews. 25 March 2021. from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  24. ^ "Soufrière St. Vincent volcano (West Indies, St. Vincent): activity remains unchanged; growing lava dome continues in lateral direction". VolcanoDiscovery. 12 February 2021. from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  25. ^ "Soufrière St. Vincent volcano (West Indies, St. Vincent): twice length and volume of new lava dome since last update". VolcanoDiscovery. 22 March 2021. from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  26. ^ "Evacuation Order Given As La Soufriere Could Erupt In Hours Or Days". News784. 8 April 2021. from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  27. ^ Hodgson, Martin (8 April 2021). "St Vincent orders evacuations as volcanic eruption appears imminent". The Guardian. from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  28. ^ "Saint-Vincent : éruption impressionnante du volcan de la Soufrière, des milliers d'évacuations". ladepeche.fr. from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  29. ^ a b Hodgson, Martin (9 April 2021). "St Vincent rocked by explosive eruptions at La Soufrière volcano". The Guardian. from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  30. ^ a b Coto, Dánica (10 April 2021). "Explosive eruption rocks volcano on Caribbean's St. Vincent". AP NEWS. from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  31. ^ a b "La Soufriere Volcano Erupts On The Caribbean Island Of St Vincent". News784. 9 April 2021. from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  32. ^ "Ash Covers St. Vincent and Nearby Barbados Town After a Weekend of Eruptions (PHOTOS)". The Weather Channel. 12 April 2021. from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  33. ^ "St Vincent volcano: Power cuts after another 'explosive event'". BBC News. 11 April 2021. from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  34. ^ Guzman, Joseph (12 April 2021). "Another explosive volcano eruption rocks St. Vincent". The Hill. from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  35. ^ Klemetti, Erik (12 April 2021). "More and Larger Explosions Rock St. Vincent as La Soufrière Lets Loose Pyroclastic Flows". Discover Magazine. from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  36. ^ Joseph, E. P.; Camejo-Harry, M.; Christopher, T.; Contreras-Arratia, R.; Edwards, S.; Graham, O.; Johnson, M.; Juman, A.; Latchman, J. L.; Lynch, L.; Miller, V. L.; Papadopoulos, I.; Pascal, K.; Robertson, R.; Ryan, G. A.; Stinton, A.; Grandin, R.; Hamling, I.; Jo, M-J.; Barclay, J.; Cole, P.; Davies, B. V.; Sparks, R. S. J. (2022). "Responding to eruptive transitions during the 2020–2021 eruption of la Soufrière volcano, St. Vincent". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 4129. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.4129J. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31901-4. PMC 9287448. PMID 35840594.
  37. ^ "Overall Orange alert Volcanic eruption for Soufriere St. Vincent". gdacs.org. Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS). from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  38. ^ "US$20m for St. Vincent volcano response from World Bank". NY Carib News. 13 April 2021. from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to La Soufrière (Saint Vincent).
  • The University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre
  • National Emergency Management Organisation of St. Vincent and the Grenadines
  • Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program | Soufrière St. Vincent

March 20, 2023
soufrière, volcano, confused, with, soufrière, hills, grande, soufrière, soufrière, volcanic, center, soufrière, soufrière, saint, vincent, french, pronunciation, sufʁjɛʁ, active, stratovolcano, caribbean, island, saint, vincent, saint, vincent, grenadines, hi. Not to be confused with Soufriere Hills La Grande Soufriere or Soufriere Volcanic Center La Soufriere or Soufriere Saint Vincent French pronunciation sufʁjɛʁ sɛ vɛ sɑ is an active stratovolcano on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines It is the highest peak in Saint Vincent and has had five recorded explosive eruptions since 1718 The latest eruptive activity began on 27 December 2020 with the slow extrusion of a dome of lava and culminated in a series of explosive events between 9 and 22 April 2021 3 4 La SoufriereHighest pointElevation1 234 m 4 049 ft 1 Prominence1 234 m 4 049 ft 1 ListingNorth America isolated 123rdCountry high pointCoordinates13 20 N 61 11 W 13 333 N 61 183 W 13 333 61 183 Coordinates 13 20 N 61 11 W 13 333 N 61 183 W 13 333 61 183GeographyLa SoufriereLocation in Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesLocationSaint Vincent Saint Vincent and the Grenadines West IndiesGeologyMountain typeStratovolcano active Volcanic arc beltLesser Antilles Volcanic ArcLast eruptionDecember 27 2020 April 22 2021 2 ClimbingEasiest routeFrom the windward Atlantic side Contents 1 Geography and structure 2 Eruptive history 2 1 Eruption of 1902 2 2 Activity in 1971 2 3 Eruption of 1979 2 4 2020 2021 activity 2 4 1 Support of inhabitants 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksGeography and structure EditAt 1 234 m 4 049 ft La Soufriere is the highest peak on Saint Vincent as well as the highest point in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 Soufriere is a stratovolcano with a crater lake and is the island s youngest and northernmost volcano 5 During periods of inactivity visitors can view the volcanic crater by following a hiking trail that ascends through rainforest to the rim 6 Eruptive history EditLa Soufriere has had five explosive eruptions during the recorded historical period 7 8 It violently erupted in 1718 1812 9 1902 1979 and 2021 A famous painting by J M W Turner of the eruption on 30 April 1812 belongs to the Victoria Gallery amp Museum University of Liverpool 10 11 Eruption of 1902 Edit The Saint Vincent eruption of 6 May 1902 killed 1 680 people just hours before the eruption of Mount Pelee on Martinique that killed 29 000 On St Vincent a further 600 people were injured or burned and 4 000 were left homeless 12 The death zone where almost all persons were killed was mainly within Island Caribs habitat an indigenous people of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean This last large remnant of Carib culture was destroyed as a result of the volcano 13 By 1907 the volcano was considered inactive and the crater lake had reformed 14 Activity in 1971 Edit A minor event occurred in 1971 15 altering the structure of the volcano s crater lake 16 17 Eruption of 1979 Edit An eruption on April 13 1979 caused no casualties as advance warning allowed thousands of local residents to evacuate to nearby beaches 18 19 The 1979 eruption created a large ash plume that reached Barbados 160 km 100 mi to the east of the volcano 19 A newspaper report stated that two infants had died during the evacuation of some 1 500 people though the report was not confirmed Financial and material aid was provided by the United Kingdom and USA 20 2020 2021 activity Edit Main article 2021 eruption of La Soufriere Volcanic plume seen on 9 April 2021 by the Sentinel 3B satellite Increased seismic activity was detected in December 2020 and an effusive eruption began to form a new lava dome inside the summit crater on 27 December 21 22 Government officials began outreach efforts to residents in the area throughout December and January in order to review evacuation plans in case volcanic activity at the volcano escalated 19 The effusive eruption continued into January during which time the lava dome had grown between 100 and 200 m 330 and 660 ft wide and 900 m 3 000 ft long 23 a growth which continued in February as the lava dome was also releasing gas and steam plumes from its top 24 By 22 March 2021 the lava dome was 105 m 344 ft tall 243 m 797 ft wide and 921 m 3 022 ft long Sulfur dioxide emissions were being generated from the top of the dome 25 On 8 April 2021 after a sustained increase of volcanic and seismic activity over the preceding days a red alert was declared and an evacuation order issued as an explosive phase of the eruption was deemed to be imminent 26 27 An explosive eruption occurred at 8 41 AM AST on April 9 2021 with an ash plume reaching approximately 8 000 m 26 000 ft 28 and drifting eastward towards the Atlantic Ocean 29 30 By then approximately 16 000 people had evacuated the area surrounding the volcano 19 Subsequent explosive eruptions created by multiple pulses of ash were reported in the afternoon 29 31 and evening of 9 April according to the University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre 31 Explosions continued over the following days with plumes reaching nearby Barbados and covering the island with ash 32 Residents were also faced with power outages and cut off water supplies and the airspace over the island was closed due to the presence of smoke and thick plumes of volcanic ash 33 There were further reports of continued explosive activity and pyroclastic flows 34 35 The final explosion took place on 22 April 2021 36 The eruption rated as VEI 4 on the Explosivity Index was comparable in size to the eruptions of 1979 37 Support of inhabitants Edit Saint Lucia Grenada Antigua and Barbados all agreed to take in evacuees Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves encouraged people evacuating to shelters elsewhere on Saint Vincent to take the COVID 19 vaccine 30 Venezuelan Foreign Minister Jorge Arreaza announced via Twitter that his country would be sending humanitarian supplies and risk experts 7 Carnival Cruise Lines sent the Carnival Paradise and Carnival Legend to each transport up to 1 500 residents to neighbouring islands The cruise line Royal Caribbean Group sent Serenade of the Seas and Celebrity Reflection 3 Assistance and emergency financial support was being provided by several nearby islands the United Kingdom and agencies such as the United Nations The first significant offer of long term funding of US 20 million was announced on 13 April 2021 by the World Bank 38 See also Edit Caribbean portal Volcanoes portalList of volcanic eruptions by death tollReferences Edit a b c La Soufriere on Peakbagger com Archived 28 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 October 2011 Soufriere St Vincent Global Volcanism Program Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 10 April 2021 a b Deane Kristin Coto Danica 12 April 2021 Huge explosion rocks St Vincent as volcano keeps erupting AP NEWS Archived from the original on 14 April 2021 Retrieved 14 April 2021 Joseph E P Camejo Harry M Christopher T Contreras Arratia R Edwards S Graham O Johnson M Juman A Latchman J L Lynch L Miller V L Papadopoulos I Pascal K Robertson R Ryan G A Stinton A Grandin R Hamling I Jo M J Barclay J Cole P Davies B V Sparks R S J 2022 Responding to eruptive transitions during the 2020 2021 eruption of la Soufriere volcano St Vincent Nature Communications 13 1 4129 Bibcode 2022NatCo 13 4129J doi 10 1038 s41467 022 31901 4 PMC 9287448 PMID 35840594 Andrews Robin George 9 April 2021 Science news Why the volcano erupting in the Caribbean has such a deadly reputation National Geographic Archived from the original on 10 April 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 St Vincent sparkles in the Caribbean 2001 Arizona Republic 13 May 2001 p 199 Archived from the original on 15 April 2021 Retrieved 15 April 2021 a b Tatiana Arias Anne Claire Stapleton Steve Almasy 9 April 2021 St Vincent on red alert for imminent volcanic eruption CNN Archived from the original on 11 April 2021 Retrieved 9 April 2021 La Soufriѐre Eruption 2020 2021 Media Fact Sheet PDF ST AUGUSTINE TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO SEISMIC RESEARCH CENTRE THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES 8 April 2021 Archived from the original PDF on 9 April 2021 Retrieved 9 April 2021 Souffrier Mountain The Edinburgh Gazetteer or Geographical Dictionary Volume 5 Edinburgh Printed for Archibald Constable amp Co Hurst Robinson amp Co London and Thomas Ward Philadelphia 1822 pp 680 682 Archived from the original on 11 April 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Draper Amanda 19 March 2019 Fine amp Decorative Arts Collections University of Liverpool Archived from the original on 11 April 2021 Retrieved 11 April 2021 an oil painting by Turner showing a spectacular erupting volcano in the Caribbean that is requested for so many exhibitions around the world it has its own custom made travel case The Eruption of the Soufriere Mountains in the Island of St Vincent at Midnight on the 30th of April 1812 from a Sketch Taken at the Time by Hugh P Keane by Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775 1851 Art UK Archived from the original on 10 April 2021 Retrieved 11 April 2021 St Vincent volcano is now less active 1902 The Fort Wayne Sentinel 26 May 1902 p 1 Archived from the original on 15 April 2021 Retrieved 15 April 2021 Ober Frederick Albion 1907 Our West Indian Neighbors The Islands of the Caribbean Sea America s Mediterranean Their Picturesque Features Fascinating History and Attractions for the Traveler Nature lover Settler and Pleasure seeker J Pott pp 375 Archived from the original on 11 April 2021 Retrieved 3 October 2016 St Vincent Volcano 1907 Deseret News 4 April 1907 p 8 Archived from the original on 15 April 2021 Retrieved 15 April 2021 St Vincent volcano erupts Villages ordered evacuated 1979 The Miami Herald 14 April 1979 p 81 Archived from the original on 15 April 2021 Retrieved 15 April 2021 St Vincent has Volcano Alert 1971 The Tampa Tribune 23 November 1971 p 1 Archived from the original on 15 April 2021 Retrieved 15 April 2021 Island s leader urges calm as St Vincent volcano boils 1971 The Miami Herald 24 November 1971 p 13 Archived from the original on 15 April 2021 Retrieved 15 April 2021 Shepherd J B Aspinall W P Rowley K C Pereira J Sigurdsson H Fiske R S Tomblin J F 1 November 1979 The eruption of Soufriere volcano St Vincent April June 1979 Nature 282 5734 24 28 Bibcode 1979Natur 282 24S doi 10 1038 282024a0 S2CID 4327849 Archived from the original on 11 April 2021 Retrieved 30 December 2020 a b c d Ernesto Cooke Oscar Lopez 9 April 2021 Volcano Erupts in Southern Caribbean New York Times Archived from the original on 10 April 2021 Retrieved 9 April 2021 Little Activity Recorded at St Vincent Volcano 1979 Daily Press 16 April 1979 p 5 Archived from the original on 15 April 2021 Retrieved 15 April 2021 New Dome Forms At La Soufriere Experts Cannot Predict Eruption News784 29 December 2020 Archived from the original on 10 April 2021 Retrieved 30 December 2020 Alert raised as SVG s volcano oozes magma iWitness News 29 December 2020 Archived from the original on 10 April 2021 Retrieved 30 December 2020 Scientists warn of possible La Soufriere eruption NationNews 25 March 2021 Archived from the original on 28 March 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Soufriere St Vincent volcano West Indies St Vincent activity remains unchanged growing lava dome continues in lateral direction VolcanoDiscovery 12 February 2021 Archived from the original on 18 February 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Soufriere St Vincent volcano West Indies St Vincent twice length and volume of new lava dome since last update VolcanoDiscovery 22 March 2021 Archived from the original on 23 March 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Evacuation Order Given As La Soufriere Could Erupt In Hours Or Days News784 8 April 2021 Archived from the original on 10 April 2021 Retrieved 9 April 2021 Hodgson Martin 8 April 2021 St Vincent orders evacuations as volcanic eruption appears imminent The Guardian Archived from the original on 12 April 2021 Retrieved 9 April 2021 Saint Vincent eruption impressionnante du volcan de la Soufriere des milliers d evacuations ladepeche fr Archived from the original on 11 April 2021 Retrieved 11 April 2021 a b Hodgson Martin 9 April 2021 St Vincent rocked by explosive eruptions at La Soufriere volcano The Guardian Archived from the original on 12 April 2021 Retrieved 9 April 2021 a b Coto Danica 10 April 2021 Explosive eruption rocks volcano on Caribbean s St Vincent AP NEWS Archived from the original on 12 April 2021 Retrieved 9 April 2021 a b La Soufriere Volcano Erupts On The Caribbean Island Of St Vincent News784 9 April 2021 Archived from the original on 9 April 2021 Retrieved 9 April 2021 Ash Covers St Vincent and Nearby Barbados Town After a Weekend of Eruptions PHOTOS The Weather Channel 12 April 2021 Archived from the original on 12 April 2021 Retrieved 12 April 2021 St Vincent volcano Power cuts after another explosive event BBC News 11 April 2021 Archived from the original on 13 April 2021 Retrieved 13 April 2021 Guzman Joseph 12 April 2021 Another explosive volcano eruption rocks St Vincent The Hill Archived from the original on 13 April 2021 Retrieved 12 April 2021 Klemetti Erik 12 April 2021 More and Larger Explosions Rock St Vincent as La Soufriere Lets Loose Pyroclastic Flows Discover Magazine Archived from the original on 12 April 2021 Retrieved 12 April 2021 Joseph E P Camejo Harry M Christopher T Contreras Arratia R Edwards S Graham O Johnson M Juman A Latchman J L Lynch L Miller V L Papadopoulos I Pascal K Robertson R Ryan G A Stinton A Grandin R Hamling I Jo M J Barclay J Cole P Davies B V Sparks R S J 2022 Responding to eruptive transitions during the 2020 2021 eruption of la Soufriere volcano St Vincent Nature Communications 13 1 4129 Bibcode 2022NatCo 13 4129J doi 10 1038 s41467 022 31901 4 PMC 9287448 PMID 35840594 Overall Orange alert Volcanic eruption for Soufriere St Vincent gdacs org Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System GDACS Archived from the original on 12 April 2021 Retrieved 12 April 2021 US 20m for St Vincent volcano response from World Bank NY Carib News 13 April 2021 Archived from the original on 13 April 2021 Retrieved 13 April 2021 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to La Soufriere Saint Vincent The University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre National Emergency Management Organisation of St Vincent and the Grenadines Smithsonian Institution s Global Volcanism Program Soufriere St Vincent UND Soufriere St Vincent Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title La Soufriere volcano amp oldid 1133182304, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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