Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party
The Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerger Sozialistesch Aarbechterpartei, French: Parti ouvrier socialiste luxembourgeois, German: Luxemburger Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei), abbreviated to LSAP or POSL,[9] is a social-democratic,[3][4][5][6] pro-European[5] political party in Luxembourg. The LSAP sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.
Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party Lëtzebuerger Sozialistesch Aarbechterpartei | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | LSAP POSL |
| Leader | Dan Biancalana[1] Francine Closener[2] |
| Founded | 5 July 1902 (historical) 1945 (modern) |
| Headquarters | 68, rue de Gasperich Luxembourg |
| Youth wing | Luxembourg Socialist Youths |
| Ideology | Social democracy[3][4][5][6] Pro-Europeanism |
| Political position | Centre-left[5][6][7] |
| Regional affiliation | Socialists, Greens and Democrats[8] |
| European affiliation | Party of European Socialists |
| International affiliation | Progressive Alliance Socialist International |
| European Parliament group | Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats[5] |
| Colours | Red |
| Chamber of Deputies | 11 / 60 |
| European Parliament | 1 / 6 |
| Local councils | 154 / 722 |
| Benelux Parliament | 2 / 7 |
| Website | |
| www | |
The LSAP is the third-largest party in the Chamber of Deputies, having won 11 of 60 seats at the 2023 general election, and has one seat in the European Parliament. Since March 2022, the party's President have been Francine Closener and Dan Biancalana.[10]
The party is close to the Confederation of Independent Trade Unions, the country's largest trade union centre, but they have no formal links.[11] The LSAP is particularly strong in the south of the country,[11] controlling most of the mayoralties in the large towns of the Red Lands. It is affiliated with the Socialist International, the Progressive Alliance, and the Party of European Socialists.
History edit
The party was formed on 5 July 1902 as the Social Democratic Party. Left-wing elements split in 1905 to create the Social Democratic Workers' Party. These were both re-united in 1912. In 1916, the party was renamed to 'Socialist Party', part of the Second International.
On 2 January 1921, communist elements split to create the Communist Party of Luxembourg. The Socialist Party was renamed the "Luxembourg Workers' Party" in 1924, and was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1940.[12] On 5 November 1937, the Party joined the government for the first time, in a coalition under Prime Minister Pierre Dupong.
Post-war edit
The party was reformed after the Second World War as the 'Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party', in the mould of the Labour Party in the United Kingdom,[13] where the government had been exiled. In the first election after the war, in 1945, the LSAP was the big loser, falling to 26% of the vote, but remained in the National Union Government, along with all other parties.[13] In 1947, the party started its process of re-building itself, and it managed to join a coalition government (1951–1959 in the Dupong-Bodson and Bech Bodson governments, and 1964–1968 in the Werner-Cravatte government). The discussions over the party's direction split the LSAP again. On 2 May 1970, Henry Cravatte was ejected as President by a trades union-led coup. In March 1971, centrist elements, led by Cravatte, split to create the Social Democratic Party.[14] Those who left included 6 Deputies and most of the party leadership.
However, the LSAP could recover by 1974 and joined the DP in a centre-left coalition (the Thorn-Vouel-Berg government), which enacted important social reforms: judicial system reforms (including a humanisation of the penal system), introduction of a fifth week of holiday, general introduction of the 40-hour week, the salary index, reform of unemployment benefits. This did not prevent an electoral defeat in 1979. In this legislative period, the LSAP held their famous energy conference, and decided a moratorium for the atomic power station of Remerschen. This was the definitive end of the project.
In 1984, the LSAP were re-united with most of the Social Democratic Party (some members joined the Christian Social People's Party).
Recent history edit
Following the 2004 general election, the LSAP served in the government of Luxembourg as junior partner to the Christian Social People's Party (CSV) under Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker in the first Juncker–Asselborn government, with the LSAP's Jean Asselborn serving as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs. The coalition with the CSV continued as the second Juncker–Asselborn government following the 2009 general election, which lasted until July 2013 when the LSAP withdrew its support from the government, necessitating early elections.[15]
Following the 2013 general election, the LSAP was in a three-party Bettel–Schneider government with the Democratic Party and The Greens, with the Democratic Party's Xavier Bettel serving as Prime Minister and Etienne Schneider of the LSAP as Deputy Prime Minister. Since 2023, they have been in opposition again.
Election results edit
Chamber of Deputies edit
| Election | Votes | % | Elected seats | Seats after | +/– | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | 231,672 | 15.6 (#2) | 8 / 48 | New | Opposition | |
| 1922[a] | 73,963 | 10.7 (#4) | 4 / 25 | 6 / 48 | 2 | Opposition |
| 1925 | 253,256 | 16.2 (#2) | 8 / 47 | Opposition | ||
| 1928[a] | 352,970 | 32.6 (#2) | 10 / 28 | 12 / 52 | 4 | Opposition |
| 1931[a] | 153,805 | 19.2 (#2) | 5 / 27 | 15 / 54 | 3 | Opposition |
| 1934[a] | 404,729 | 29.4 (#2) | 10 / 29 | 14 / 54 | 1 | Opposition |
| 1937[a] | 238,665 | 24.7 (#2) | 7 / 26 | 18 / 55 | 4 | Coalition |
| 1945 | 569,025 | 23.4 (#2) | 11 / 51 | 7 | Coalition | |
| 1948[a] | 481,755 | 37.8 (#1) | 10 / 26 | 15 / 51 | 4 | Opposition |
| 1951[a] | 372,177 | 33.8 (#2) | 9 / 26 | 19 / 52 | 4 | Coalition |
| 1954 | 831,836 | 35.1 (#2) | 17 / 52 | 2 | Coalition | |
| 1959 | 848,523 | 34.9 (#2) | 17 / 52 | Opposition | ||
| 1964 | 999,843 | 37.7 (#1) | 21 / 56 | 4 | Coalition | |
| 1968 | 837,555 | 32.3 (#2) | 18 / 56 | 3 | Opposition | |
| 1974 | 875,881 | 29.2 (#2) | 17 / 59 | 1 | Coalition | |
| 1979 | 787,863 | 24.3 (#2) | 14 / 59 | 3 | Opposition | |
| 1984 | 1,104,740 | 33.6 (#2) | 21 / 64 | 7 | Coalition | |
| 1989 | 840,094 | 26.2 (#2) | 18 / 60 | 3 | Coalition | |
| 1994 | 797,450 | 25.4 (#2) | 17 / 60 | 1 | Coalition | |
| 1999 | 695,718 | 22.3 (#3) | 13 / 60 | 4 | Opposition | |
| 2004 | 784,048 | 23.4 (#2) | 14 / 60 | 1 | Coalition | |
| 2009 | 695,830 | 21.6 (#2) | 13 / 60 | 1 | Coalition | |
| 2013 | 664,586 | 20.2 (#2) | 13 / 60 | Coalition | ||
| 2018 | 621,332 | 17.6 (#2) | 10 / 60 | 3 | Coalition | |
| 2023 | 711,890 | 18.9 (#2) | 11 / 60 | 1 | Opposition | |
European Parliament edit
Presidents edit
The formal leader of the party is the president. However, often, a government minister will be the most important member of the party, as Jean Asselborn is now. Below is a list of presidents of the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party since 1945.
- Michel Rasquin (1945–1951)
- Paul Wilwertz (1951–1952)
- Albert Bousser (1952–1954)
- Émile Ludwig (1954–1955)
- Paul Wilwertz (1955–1959)
- Henry Cravatte (1959–1970)
- Antoine Wehenkel (1970–1974)
- Lydie Schmit (1974–1980)
- Robert Krieps (1980–1985)
- Ben Fayot (1985–1997)
- Jean Asselborn (1997–2004)
- Alex Bodry (2004–2014)[16]
- Claude Haagen (2014–2019)
- Franz Fayot (2019–2020)
- Yves Cruchten (2020–2022)
- Francine Closener and Dan Biancalana (2022–present)
Footnotes edit
- ^ "Comité directeur". lsap.lu. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
- ^ "Comité directeur". lsap.lu. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
- ^ a b Hans Slomp (30 September 2011). Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. p. 477. ISBN 978-0-313-39182-8. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
- ^ a b Dimitri Almeida (27 April 2012). The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus. CRC Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-136-34039-0. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "Luxembourg". Europe Elects.
- ^ a b c Xenophon Contiades (20 December 2012). Engineering Constitutional Change: A Comparative Perspective on Europe, Canada and the USA. Routledge. p. 250. ISBN 978-1-136-21077-8. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
- ^ Josep M. Colomer (24 July 2008). Comparative European Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-203-94609-1. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
- ^ "Politieke fracties". Benelux Parliament (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ LSAP is more commonly used, although the French POSL is also mandated by the party's statutes. (in French). Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party. 17 March 2002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2006. Retrieved 19 July 2006.
- ^ "Comité directeur". lsap.lu. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
- ^ a b Hearl (1987), p. 255
- ^ Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 – 19. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 308
- ^ a b Thewes (2006), p. 123
- ^ Lucardie, A.P.M. (PDF). Jaarboek Documentatiecentrum Nederlandse Politieke Partijen 1990 (in Dutch). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011.
- ^ "Luxembourg Prime Minister Juncker calls for new elections amid scandal". Deutsche Welle. 10 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- ^ . Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party. Archived from the original on 4 May 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
References edit
- Hearl, Derek (1987). "Luxembourg 1945–82: Dimensions and Strategies". In Budge, Ian; Robertson, David; Hearl, Derek (eds.). Ideology, Strategy, and Party Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 254–69. ISBN 978-0-521-30648-5.
- Thewes, Guy (October 2006). Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848 (PDF) (in French) (2006 ed.). Luxembourg City: Service Information et Presse. ISBN 978-2-87999-156-6. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
External links edit
- Official website (in Luxembourgish and French)