Kosmos 146
Kosmos 146 (Russian: Космос 146 meaning Cosmos 146), also known as L-1 No. 2P, was a Soviet test spacecraft precursor to the Zond series, launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard a Proton K rocket.[3]
| Mission type | Test flight |
|---|---|
| Operator | Soviet space program |
| COSPAR ID | 1967-021A |
| SATCAT no. | 02705 |
| Mission duration | 8 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Zond |
| Spacecraft type | 7K-L1 |
| Manufacturer | OKB-1 |
| Launch mass | 5375 kg[1] |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 10 March 1967, 11:30:33 GMT |
| Rocket | Proton-K / Blok D |
| Launch site | Baikonur, Site 81/23 |
| Contractor | OKB-1 |
| End of mission | |
| Disposal | Deorbited |
| Decay date | March 18, 1967 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric[2][a] |
| Regime | Highly elliptical Earth[a] |
| Periapsis altitude | 177 km[a] |
| Apoapsis altitude | 296 km[a] |
| Inclination | 51.5°[a] |
| Period | 89.2 minutes[a] |
| Epoch | 10 March 1967 |
a Presumably, this is initial orbit information. | |
The spacecraft was designed to launch a crew from the Earth to conduct a flyby of the Moon and return to Earth. The primary focus was a Soviet circumlunar flight, which help document the Moon, and also show Soviet power. The test ran from the Zond program from 1967 to 1970, which produced multiple failures in the 7K-L1's re-entry systems. The remaining 7K-L1s were scrapped, ultimately replaced by the Soyuz 7K-L3.[4]
Objectives Edit
Kosmos 146 was a Soviet test precursor to the Zond series, launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Proton K rocket. It was launched into a planned highly elliptical Earth orbit. The Blok D stage functioned correctly in putting the spacecraft into a translunar trajectory. It was not aimed at the Moon and no recovery of the spacecraft was planned or attempted. It was a successful mission that created false confidence just before a string of failures that would follow.[1]
Kosmos 146 was launched using a Proton-K carrier rocket, which flew from Site 81/23 at Baikonur. The launch occurred at 11:30:33 GMT on 10 March 1967 and was successful. Kosmos 146 was operated in an Earth orbit, it had a perigee of 177 kilometres (110 mi), an apogee of 296 kilometres (184 mi), an inclination of 51.5° and an orbital period of 89.2 minutes. Kosmos 146 decayed from orbit on 18 March 1967.[2]
Moon race Edit
By the time the spacecraft was launched, the United States had already thrust into the orbit in their prototype of the lunar vehicle (AS-201, AS-202, AS-203). The United States could go on to launch manned prototypes of lunar ships before the USSR brought the first unmanned prototype into orbit, but two months before the launch of Kosmos-146, during the fire in the command module, the crew of Apollo 1 was killed.
References Edit
- ^ a b "Cosmos 146: Display 1967-021A". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. NASA. 27 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b "Cosmos 146: Trajectory 1967-021A". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. NASA. 27 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Harvey, Brian (2007). Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 138. ISBN 9780387739762.
- ^ Harvey, Brian (2007). Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 138. ISBN 9780387739762.
External links Edit
- http://militera.lib.ru/db/kamanin_np/index.html
- http://www.svengrahn.pp.se/histind/Cosmos146/Cosmos146.htm#data
- https://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-4225/documentation/mhh/mirheritage.pdf