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Korean New Zealanders

January 01, 1970

Korean New Zealanders (Korean: 한국계 뉴질랜드인), also referred to informally as Korean Kiwis, Kokis or Kowis, are New Zealand citizens and residents of Korean ancestry.[4] The 2018 New Zealand census found 35,664 Koreans in the country, virtually all from South Korea, making them the third-largest Asian population there, and more than 0.75 percent of the total population of New Zealand.[1]

Korean New Zealanders
Total population
35,664 (2018)

30,975 (born in Republic of Korea)

0.76% of the population[1]
Regions with significant populations
Auckland25,038
Canterbury3,705
Bay of Plenty1,557
Waikato1,548
Wellington1,299
Otago792
Languages
Korean, English[2]
Religion
57.0% Christianity
37.4% No religion
2.2% Buddhism[3]
Related ethnic groups
Overseas Koreans

Migration history edit

The Korean population in New Zealand has been affected by New Zealand's immigration policies. Until a policy change in 1987, preference was given to English-speaking migrants, especially those from Commonwealth of Nations countries. In 1991, a new policy took effect in which potential migrants were ranked according to a points system based on factors such as education, occupation, and wealth. This made it far easier for people from Korea and other Asian countries to migrate to New Zealand, dramatically increasing the number of Korean New Zealanders.[5]

In 1986, there were only 426 Koreans in New Zealand; that had doubled to 903 by 1991, and their population growth accelerated throughout the first half of the 1990s. There were roughly 3,000 people of Korean descent in New Zealand in 1992, according to unofficial estimates, and by the time of the 1996 Census, their population had quadrupled to 12,657 individuals, making them the fastest-growing population group. Growth slowed after that, with only a further 50% increase in the Korean population by 2001.[6][7] Thus, the majority of Korean New Zealanders living in New Zealand in the early 21st century are South Korean-born naturalised citizens or permanent residents.

Demography edit

There were 35,664 people identifying as being part of the Korean ethnic group at the 2018 New Zealand census, making up 0.8% of New Zealand's population. This is an increase of 5,493 people (18.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 4,872 people (15.8%) since the 2006 census. Some of the increase between the 2013 and 2018 census was due to Statistics New Zealand adding ethnicity data from other sources (previous censuses, administrative data, and imputation) to the 2018 census data to reduce the number of non-responses.[8]

There were 18,933 females and 16,731 males, giving a sex ratio of 0.884 males per female. The median age was 33.2 years (compared with 37.4 years for New Zealand as a whole), with 6,297 people (17.7%) were aged under 15 years, 9,711 (27.2%) were 15 to 29, 17,709 (49.7%) were 30 to 64, and 1,947 (5.5%) were 65 or older.[9][10]

In terms of population distribution, 70.2% of Korean New Zealanders lived in the Auckland region, 15.8% lived in the North Island outside the Auckland region, and 14.0% lived in the South Island. The Upper Harbour local board area of Auckland had the highest concentration of Korean people at 6.9%, followed by the Devonport-Takapuna local board area (5.1%) and the Kaipātiki local board area (3.6%). Christchurch City had the highest concentration of Korean people outside of Auckland at 0.9%. Seven districts recorded no Korean people in their respective areas: Great Barrier Island, Ōtorohanga District, Ōpōtiki District, Central Hawke's Bay District, Carterton District, South Wairarapa District, and the Chatham Islands.[11]

The proportion of Korean New Zealanders born overseas was 85.3%, compared with 27.1% for all ethnicities. Nearly three-quarters (73.9%) of those born in New Zealand were aged under 30.[10]

The 2018 census recorded 76.3% of Korean New Zealanders were able to speak English conversationally, compared to 95.4% for New Zealand as a whole.[10]

Women outnumbered men in every age group besides 15 and under; the imbalance was most severe in the 25-39 age group, with only 71 men for every 100 women. This gender gap is mainly the result of the so-called astronaut family phenomenon, also seen among Chinese New Zealanders and Koreans in other countries, in which husbands who found their earning power decreased after emigration returned to their country of origin while their wives and children remained in the destination country.[12][13]

Education and language issues edit

The desire to offer children a lower-pressure educational experience in an English-speaking country, as well as a cleaner environment, is a major motivation for Korean migration to New Zealand.[6] Of the 7,696 Koreans pursuing secondary or tertiary education in New Zealand as of 2001, 50% were studying English as a second language.[12] 1.5 generation Koreans who migrated at a young age show a marked shift towards English regardless of which region their parents settled in, but among those who migrated at the age of 16 or older, Wellington residents also showed a much stronger preference for English, while those in other regions maintained Korean as their preferred language.[2][14] In the 1996 census, 40.7% of Koreans stated that they could not hold a conversation in English, the highest proportion for any group; however, by the 2001 census, that figure had decreased to 21% for males and 27% for females.[7]

Korean New Zealanders maintain close contact with their homeland through return trips or with technologies such as phones and emails; one 1998 survey showed that 61% of overseas trips undertaken by Korean New Zealanders had South Korea as their destination. Australia and Japan were the next most popular destinations.[15] In addition, young Korean New Zealanders make extensive use of Korean language internet portal sites such as Cyworld and KakaoTalk in order to communicate with friends in South Korea; this has resulted in Korean New Zealanders retaining a far better command of Korean than their Korean American counterparts.[16]

Religion edit

70% of Koreans in New Zealand identify as Christians, while roughly another 20% claim to follow no religion. Buddhists number only about 5%.[12] One Christian newspaper estimates that roughly 35-40% of all Koreans are "active Christians" who regularly attend worship services, mostly at one of New Zealand's 100 Korean churches.[17] Korean Christians in New Zealand are largely of the Presbyterian denomination, though some are also Baptist. They attend non-Korean churches less often due to language barriers and cultural differences within the church. In Korean churches, the pastor has much more authority, and many churches open as early as 5AM for morning prayers. New Zealand's Korean Christians are served by a weekly Christian newspaper published in the Korean language, which claims to have a circulation of 3,500; it discusses religious issues as well as issues of common interest to immigrants, such as migration law and property ownership.[18]

Notable people edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
  2. ^ a b Park, Seon-ho (2003), "Language Choice Patterns among Bilingual Migrant Students", Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics, 3 (1): 15–36, retrieved 21 February 2008
  3. ^ "2018 Census ethnic group summaries | Stats NZ".
  4. ^ Tan, Lincoln (24 June 2008), "It's hard to be a Kowi - but fun too", New Zealand Herald, retrieved 22 September 2008
  5. ^ Yoon, Hong-key; Choe, Inshil (21 September 2007), "New Zealand Peoples: Koreans", Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand, Ministry for Culture and Heritage, ISBN 978-0-478-18451-8
  6. ^ a b C. Fred Bergston; In-bŏm Chʻoe, eds. (January 2003). The Korean Diaspora in the World Economy. Special Report 15. Peterson Institute. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-88132-358-0. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  7. ^ a b "Ethnic Groups: Highlights", Census 96, Statistics New Zealand, 1996, retrieved 21 February 2008
  8. ^ "New Zealand's population reflects growing diversity | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  9. ^ "Ethnic group (detailed total response - level 3) by age and sex, for the census usually resident population count, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (RC, TA, SA2, DHB)". nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  10. ^ a b c "2018 Census ethnic group summaries | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  11. ^ "Ethnic group (detailed total response - level 3) by age and sex, for the census usually resident population count, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (RC, TA, SA2, DHB)". nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  12. ^ a b c Ho, Elsie; Au, Sybil; Bedford, Charlotte; Cooper, Jenine (November 2002), (PDF), Migration Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Waikato, archived from the original (PDF) on 28 December 2006, retrieved 17 February 2008
  13. ^ Chang, Suzana; Morris, Carolyn; Vokes, Richard (October 2006), (PDF), Families Commission, Government of New Zealand, archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2008, retrieved 21 February 2008
  14. ^ Park, Seon-ho (September 2002), "Bilingualism among Korean Students as Recent Migrants", Foreign Languages Education, 9 (3), Hanguk Oegukeo Gyoyuk Hakhoe: 23–49, retrieved 21 February 2008
  15. ^ Kang, Sophie Kyung-Mi; Page, Stephen J. (February 2000), "Tourism, migration and emigration: travel patterns of Korean-New Zealanders in the 1990s", Tourism Geographies, 2 (1), Routledge: 50–65, doi:10.1080/146166800363448, S2CID 155001441
  16. ^ Epstein, Stephen (April 2007), "Imagining the Community: Newspapers, Cyberspace and the (Non-) Construction of Korean-New Zealand Identity", in Johnson, Henry; Moloughney, Brian (eds.), Asia in the Making of New Zealand, Auckland University Press, ISBN 978-1-86940-384-3
  17. ^ Engelbracht, Kirsten (12 March 2007), "Prayer movement spreads here from Korea", Challenge Weekly, 65 (8), New Zealand, retrieved 21 February 2008
  18. ^ Engelbracht, Kirsten (6 November 2006), "Korean passion is prayer for NZ revival", Challenge Weekly, 64 (43), New Zealand, retrieved 21 February 2008
  19. ^ "Alex Kam - Player Profile - Figure Skater". EuroSport. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  20. ^ "Lydia Ko, 15, wins in Canada". ESPN.com. 26 August 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  21. ^ "Difficult decisions lay ahead for US Amateur champ Lee - Golf", ESPN, 27 August 2008, retrieved 14 March 2009
  22. ^ "Champ welcomed into Kiwi club", The New Zealand Herald, 3 September 2008, retrieved 14 March 2009
  23. ^ , National Business Review, 9 December 2008, archived from the original on 2 August 2009, retrieved 10 December 2008

https://www.scmp.com/culture/music/article/2163713/rose-blackpink-new-zealand-born-k-pop-singer-unique-voice-and

Further reading edit

  • Collins, Francis Leo (2006), Learning to Cross Borders: Everyday Urban Encounters between South Korea and New Zealand (Thesis), Ph.D. thesis, University of Auckland, hdl:2292/2252
  • Gu, Bon-gyu (February 1997), (PDF), M.A. thesis, Seoul: Hanyang University, archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2006
  • Gim, Yeong-seong (May 1994), "뉴질랜드의 한국인 (New Zealand's Koreans)", Haeoe Dongpo (5): 18–25
  • Park, Shee-Jeong (2007), Political participation of 'Asian' New Zealanders: a case study of ethnic Chinese and Korean New Zealanders (Thesis), Ph.D. thesis, University of Auckland, hdl:2292/393


January 01, 1970
korean, zealanders, korean, 한국계, 뉴질랜드인, also, referred, informally, korean, kiwis, kokis, kowis, zealand, citizens, residents, korean, ancestry, 2018, zealand, census, found, koreans, country, virtually, from, south, korea, making, them, third, largest, asian,. Korean New Zealanders Korean 한국계 뉴질랜드인 also referred to informally as Korean Kiwis Kokis or Kowis are New Zealand citizens and residents of Korean ancestry 4 The 2018 New Zealand census found 35 664 Koreans in the country virtually all from South Korea making them the third largest Asian population there and more than 0 75 percent of the total population of New Zealand 1 Korean New ZealandersTotal population35 664 2018 30 975 born in Republic of Korea 0 76 of the population 1 Regions with significant populationsAuckland25 038Canterbury3 705Bay of Plenty1 557Waikato1 548Wellington1 299Otago792LanguagesKorean English 2 Religion57 0 Christianity37 4 No religion2 2 Buddhism 3 Related ethnic groupsOverseas Koreans Contents 1 Migration history 2 Demography 3 Education and language issues 4 Religion 5 Notable people 6 See also 7 References 8 Further readingMigration history editThe Korean population in New Zealand has been affected by New Zealand s immigration policies Until a policy change in 1987 preference was given to English speaking migrants especially those from Commonwealth of Nations countries In 1991 a new policy took effect in which potential migrants were ranked according to a points system based on factors such as education occupation and wealth This made it far easier for people from Korea and other Asian countries to migrate to New Zealand dramatically increasing the number of Korean New Zealanders 5 In 1986 there were only 426 Koreans in New Zealand that had doubled to 903 by 1991 and their population growth accelerated throughout the first half of the 1990s There were roughly 3 000 people of Korean descent in New Zealand in 1992 according to unofficial estimates and by the time of the 1996 Census their population had quadrupled to 12 657 individuals making them the fastest growing population group Growth slowed after that with only a further 50 increase in the Korean population by 2001 6 7 Thus the majority of Korean New Zealanders living in New Zealand in the early 21st century are South Korean born naturalised citizens or permanent residents Demography editThere were 35 664 people identifying as being part of the Korean ethnic group at the 2018 New Zealand census making up 0 8 of New Zealand s population This is an increase of 5 493 people 18 2 since the 2013 census and an increase of 4 872 people 15 8 since the 2006 census Some of the increase between the 2013 and 2018 census was due to Statistics New Zealand adding ethnicity data from other sources previous censuses administrative data and imputation to the 2018 census data to reduce the number of non responses 8 There were 18 933 females and 16 731 males giving a sex ratio of 0 884 males per female The median age was 33 2 years compared with 37 4 years for New Zealand as a whole with 6 297 people 17 7 were aged under 15 years 9 711 27 2 were 15 to 29 17 709 49 7 were 30 to 64 and 1 947 5 5 were 65 or older 9 10 In terms of population distribution 70 2 of Korean New Zealanders lived in the Auckland region 15 8 lived in the North Island outside the Auckland region and 14 0 lived in the South Island The Upper Harbour local board area of Auckland had the highest concentration of Korean people at 6 9 followed by the Devonport Takapuna local board area 5 1 and the Kaipatiki local board area 3 6 Christchurch City had the highest concentration of Korean people outside of Auckland at 0 9 Seven districts recorded no Korean people in their respective areas Great Barrier Island Ōtorohanga District Ōpōtiki District Central Hawke s Bay District Carterton District South Wairarapa District and the Chatham Islands 11 The proportion of Korean New Zealanders born overseas was 85 3 compared with 27 1 for all ethnicities Nearly three quarters 73 9 of those born in New Zealand were aged under 30 10 The 2018 census recorded 76 3 of Korean New Zealanders were able to speak English conversationally compared to 95 4 for New Zealand as a whole 10 Women outnumbered men in every age group besides 15 and under the imbalance was most severe in the 25 39 age group with only 71 men for every 100 women This gender gap is mainly the result of the so called astronaut family phenomenon also seen among Chinese New Zealanders and Koreans in other countries in which husbands who found their earning power decreased after emigration returned to their country of origin while their wives and children remained in the destination country 12 13 Education and language issues editThe desire to offer children a lower pressure educational experience in an English speaking country as well as a cleaner environment is a major motivation for Korean migration to New Zealand 6 Of the 7 696 Koreans pursuing secondary or tertiary education in New Zealand as of 2001 50 were studying English as a second language 12 1 5 generation Koreans who migrated at a young age show a marked shift towards English regardless of which region their parents settled in but among those who migrated at the age of 16 or older Wellington residents also showed a much stronger preference for English while those in other regions maintained Korean as their preferred language 2 14 In the 1996 census 40 7 of Koreans stated that they could not hold a conversation in English the highest proportion for any group however by the 2001 census that figure had decreased to 21 for males and 27 for females 7 Korean New Zealanders maintain close contact with their homeland through return trips or with technologies such as phones and emails one 1998 survey showed that 61 of overseas trips undertaken by Korean New Zealanders had South Korea as their destination Australia and Japan were the next most popular destinations 15 In addition young Korean New Zealanders make extensive use of Korean language internet portal sites such as Cyworld and KakaoTalk in order to communicate with friends in South Korea this has resulted in Korean New Zealanders retaining a far better command of Korean than their Korean American counterparts 16 Religion edit70 of Koreans in New Zealand identify as Christians while roughly another 20 claim to follow no religion Buddhists number only about 5 12 One Christian newspaper estimates that roughly 35 40 of all Koreans are active Christians who regularly attend worship services mostly at one of New Zealand s 100 Korean churches 17 Korean Christians in New Zealand are largely of the Presbyterian denomination though some are also Baptist They attend non Korean churches less often due to language barriers and cultural differences within the church In Korean churches the pastor has much more authority and many churches open as early as 5AM for morning prayers New Zealand s Korean Christians are served by a weekly Christian newspaper published in the Korean language which claims to have a circulation of 3 500 it discusses religious issues as well as issues of common interest to immigrants such as migration law and property ownership 18 Notable people editAlex Kam figure skater 19 Lydia Ko youngest ever winner of an LPGA Tour event Youngest women s No 1 golfer 20 Danny Lee youngest winner of the U S Amateur of golf 21 22 Melissa Lee New Zealand s first MP of Korean origin 23 Roseanne Park New Zealand born K Pop idol member of South Korean girl group Blackpink Microdot South Korean New Zealand rapper Bizzy New Zealand Korean rapper and producer Beenzino South Korean rapperSee also edit nbsp New Zealand portal nbsp South Korea portal Demographics of New Zealand Asian New ZealandersReferences edit a b 2018 Census totals by topic national highlights Stats NZ Archived from the original on 23 September 2019 Retrieved 27 November 2019 a b Park Seon ho 2003 Language Choice Patterns among Bilingual Migrant Students Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics 3 1 15 36 retrieved 21 February 2008 2018 Census ethnic group summaries Stats NZ Tan Lincoln 24 June 2008 It s hard to be a Kowi but fun too New Zealand Herald retrieved 22 September 2008 Yoon Hong key Choe Inshil 21 September 2007 New Zealand Peoples Koreans Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage ISBN 978 0 478 18451 8 a b C Fred Bergston In bŏm Chʻoe eds January 2003 The Korean Diaspora in the World Economy Special Report 15 Peterson Institute pp 18 19 ISBN 978 0 88132 358 0 Retrieved 6 March 2016 a b Ethnic Groups Highlights Census 96 Statistics New Zealand 1996 retrieved 21 February 2008 New Zealand s population reflects growing diversity Stats NZ www stats govt nz Retrieved 29 April 2020 Ethnic group detailed total response level 3 by age and sex for the census usually resident population count 2006 2013 and 2018 Censuses RC TA SA2 DHB nzdotstat stats govt nz Retrieved 29 April 2020 a b c 2018 Census ethnic group summaries Stats NZ www stats govt nz Retrieved 22 February 2021 Ethnic group detailed total response level 3 by age and sex for the census usually resident population count 2006 2013 and 2018 Censuses RC TA SA2 DHB nzdotstat stats govt nz Retrieved 29 April 2020 a b c Ho Elsie Au Sybil Bedford Charlotte Cooper Jenine November 2002 Mental Health Issues for Asians in New Zealand A Literature Review PDF Migration Research Group Department of Geography University of Waikato archived from the original PDF on 28 December 2006 retrieved 17 February 2008 Chang Suzana Morris Carolyn Vokes Richard October 2006 Korean migrant families in Christchurch Expectations and experiences PDF Families Commission Government of New Zealand archived from the original PDF on 14 October 2008 retrieved 21 February 2008 Park Seon ho September 2002 Bilingualism among Korean Students as Recent Migrants Foreign Languages Education 9 3 Hanguk Oegukeo Gyoyuk Hakhoe 23 49 retrieved 21 February 2008 Kang Sophie Kyung Mi Page Stephen J February 2000 Tourism migration and emigration travel patterns of Korean New Zealanders in the 1990s Tourism Geographies 2 1 Routledge 50 65 doi 10 1080 146166800363448 S2CID 155001441 Epstein Stephen April 2007 Imagining the Community Newspapers Cyberspace and the Non Construction of Korean New Zealand Identity in Johnson Henry Moloughney Brian eds Asia in the Making of New Zealand Auckland University Press ISBN 978 1 86940 384 3 Engelbracht Kirsten 12 March 2007 Prayer movement spreads here from Korea Challenge Weekly 65 8 New Zealand retrieved 21 February 2008 Engelbracht Kirsten 6 November 2006 Korean passion is prayer for NZ revival Challenge Weekly 64 43 New Zealand retrieved 21 February 2008 Alex Kam Player Profile Figure Skater EuroSport Retrieved 17 March 2024 Lydia Ko 15 wins in Canada ESPN com 26 August 2012 Retrieved 26 August 2012 Difficult decisions lay ahead for US Amateur champ Lee Golf ESPN 27 August 2008 retrieved 14 March 2009 Champ welcomed into Kiwi club The New Zealand Herald 3 September 2008 retrieved 14 March 2009 It isn t easy being a Kiwi Korean MP National Business Review 9 December 2008 archived from the original on 2 August 2009 retrieved 10 December 2008https www scmp com culture music article 2163713 rose blackpink new zealand born k pop singer unique voice andFurther reading editCollins Francis Leo 2006 Learning to Cross Borders Everyday Urban Encounters between South Korea and New Zealand Thesis Ph D thesis University of Auckland hdl 2292 2252 Gu Bon gyu February 1997 이민을 통한 한국 중산층의 지위 재생산 전략 뉴질랜드 크라이스트쳐치시의 한국인 이민자들의 사례를 중심으로 Strategies for gaining middle class status through migration Focused on the case of Korean migrants in Christchurch New Zealand PDF M A thesis Seoul Hanyang University archived from the original PDF on 25 March 2006 Gim Yeong seong May 1994 뉴질랜드의 한국인 New Zealand s Koreans Haeoe Dongpo 5 18 25 Park Shee Jeong 2007 Political participation of Asian New Zealanders a case study of ethnic Chinese and Korean New Zealanders Thesis Ph D thesis University of Auckland hdl 2292 393 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Korean New Zealanders amp oldid 1214137164, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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