The Köpet Dag, Kopet Dagh, or Koppeh Dagh (Turkmen: Köpetdag; Persian: کپهداغ), also known as the Turkmen-Khorasan Mountain Range,[1] is a mountain range on the border between Turkmenistan and Iran that extends about 650 kilometres (400 mi) along the border southeast of the Caspian Sea, stretching northwest-southeast from near the Caspian Sea in the northwest to the Harirud River in the southeast.[2] In the southwest it borders on the parallel eastern endings of the Alborz mountains being together part of the much larger Alpide belt. The highest peak of the range in Turkmenistan is the Mount Rizeh (Kuh-e Rizeh), located at the southwest of the capital Ashgabat and stands at 2,940 metres (9,646 ft). The highest Iranian summit is Mount Quchan (Kuh-e Quchan) with 3,191 metres (10,469 ft).[3]
Vambery conjectured that köpet originates from the Turkmen language where "köp" means "a lot" or "many" and the word "dag" means "mountain" or "peak". He thus translated Köpetdag as "Many mountains (peaks)". He and others noted that in Persian koppeh means "pile" or "heap", and the word dag or dagh means "mountain" in Turkic. Thus, a second conjecture held that the Persian version of Kopet Dagh or Koppeh Dagh could be defined as "the mountain that is piled or heaped" and therefore the words could mean "piled or hilly mountains" or "low hills" in general. Ataniyazov, however, rejects those hypotheses:
The word kopet is probably derived from the Persian word kuhibet (kuh - "dag", bet - "bad") and means "bad mountain". No name was given to the entirety of this range, but a name was given to each part of it...According to Murzayev, the section of this mountain range west of Ashgabat was called Kopetdag (Murzayev. SA, p. 248). The most common name for this part of the range was Taňrigargan ("God bless you")...the Persians called it Kupet...(in Persian this name is wah, i.e., it is spelled with a long drawn-out Ku: pet and Ku: bet). For the most part, it was very dangerous to cross, because of the wind and the cold. That is why the Persians call the mountain range "bad mountain" and the Turkmens call it "God bless you". In the second half of the last century, Russian scholars who studied in the Kopetdag passed the name onto maps as the name of the entire range and spread it to the public. Many of the elders living in the foothills of the Kopetdag do not know the name Kopetdag...Vambery conjectures that the word kopet is derived from the words kubbet, kuppe (perhaps a lot — S.A.)...Pomerantsev also interprets the name as "multi-mountain" (mountain range), while the locals consider it part of the mythical Cape Mountain in Kopet, but these interpretations are incorrect.[4]
Geology
Kopetdag Mountain Range, Chuli, Turkmenistan
Geologically, the Kopet Dag Range is made chiefly of Lower Cretaceoussedimentary rocks with a smaller portion of Jurassic rocks in the southeastern parts.[5][6] The mountains were formed in the Miocene and the Pliocene during the Alpine orogeny. As the Tethys Sea was closed and the Arabian Plate collided with the Iranian Plate and was pushed against it and with the clockwise movement of the Eurasian Plate towards the Iranian Plate and their final collision, the Iranian Plate was pressed against the Turan Platform. This collision folded the entire rocks that had been deposited in this geosyncline or basin from the Jurassic to the Miocene and formed the Kopet Dag Mountains.
The Kopet Dag Range is a region characterized by foothills, dry and sandy slopes, mountain plateaus, and steep ravines. The Kopet Dag is undergoing tectonic transformation, and is subject to severe earthquakes. Earthquakes exceeding seven on the Richter scale have been recorded.[7]
Kopet Dagh from space
The most western foothills of the Kopetdag mountains are known as the 'Kürendag Ridge'.
Archaeology
There is archaeological evidence of settlement in the well-watered northern foothills of the Kopet Dag during the Neolithic period. This region is dotted with the multi-period hallmarks characteristic of the ancient Near East, similar to those southwest of the Kopet Dag in the Gorgan Plain in Iran. At Jeitun (or Djeitun), mud brick houses were first occupied c. 6000 BC (see BMAC origins). Also the foothills of the Kopet-Dag near Ashgabat are the site of the remains of the ancient Parthian city of Nisa (Nessa, Nusaý).
Ski resort
Kopetdag Mountain in Snow, View from Ashgabat
This mountain range has a ski resort, officially opened by the former president of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov. Despite the lack of snow in the Kopet Dag mountains, Niyazov was determined to build a major resort there.[8][9][10]
Plants and animals
Kopet Dag Mountains in May.
The woodlands of the region are home to many fruit trees, shrubs, and vines that have proved valuable for human use and selective breeding, including pomegranate (Punica granatum), wild grapes Vitis sylvestris, fig (Ficus carica), wild apple (Malus turkmenorum), wild pear (Pyrus boissieriana), wild cherries (Prunus spp., also called Cerasus microcarpa, C. erythrocarpa, C. blinovskii), wild prune (Prunus divaricata), almonds (Amygdalus communis=Prunus dulcis, and A. scoparia=Prunus scoparia), and hawthorns (Crataegus spp.).
^Geological Map of the Middle East, published by Geological Survey of Iran, Second Edition, 1993
^Oct. 5, 1948 - More than 110,000 people were killed by 7.3 quake. Staff (11 January 2005) "World's worst natural disasters since 1900" CBS News
^Turkmen government announces new construction projects 2014-01-06 at the Wayback Machine Universal Newswires, accessed on November 15, 2012.
^We need to talk about Turkmenistan BBC, accessed on February 9, 2017.
^Ski Turkmenistan! Google Earth Community, accessed on February 9, 2017.
January 06, 2023
kopet, köpet, koppeh, dagh, turkmen, köpetdag, persian, کپه, داغ, also, known, turkmen, khorasan, mountain, range, mountain, range, border, between, turkmenistan, iran, that, extends, about, kilometres, along, border, southeast, caspian, stretching, northwest,. The Kopet Dag Kopet Dagh or Koppeh Dagh Turkmen Kopetdag Persian کپه داغ also known as the Turkmen Khorasan Mountain Range 1 is a mountain range on the border between Turkmenistan and Iran that extends about 650 kilometres 400 mi along the border southeast of the Caspian Sea stretching northwest southeast from near the Caspian Sea in the northwest to the Harirud River in the southeast 2 In the southwest it borders on the parallel eastern endings of the Alborz mountains being together part of the much larger Alpide belt The highest peak of the range in Turkmenistan is the Mount Rizeh Kuh e Rizeh located at the southwest of the capital Ashgabat and stands at 2 940 metres 9 646 ft The highest Iranian summit is Mount Quchan Kuh e Quchan with 3 191 metres 10 469 ft 3 Kopet Dagکپه داغView of the Kopet Dag in early spring from Bereket TurkmenistanHighest pointPeakKuh e QuchanElevation3 191 m 10 469 ft DimensionsLength650 km 400 mi NamingNative nameKopetdag کپه داغGeographyMap of Iran showing the location of Kopet Dag CountriesTurkmenistan and IranRange coordinates38 4 N 57 22 4 E 38 067 N 57 3733 E 38 067 57 3733 Coordinates 38 4 N 57 22 4 E 38 067 N 57 3733 E 38 067 57 3733Map of Iran with Kopet Dag in northeast Contents 1 Etymology 2 Geology 3 Topography 4 Archaeology 5 Ski resort 6 Plants and animals 7 See also 8 ReferencesEtymology Edit Kopetdag spring Vambery conjectured that kopet originates from the Turkmen language where kop means a lot or many and the word dag means mountain or peak He thus translated Kopetdag as Many mountains peaks He and others noted that in Persian koppeh means pile or heap and the word dag or dagh means mountain in Turkic Thus a second conjecture held that the Persian version of Kopet Dagh or Koppeh Dagh could be defined as the mountain that is piled or heaped and therefore the words could mean piled or hilly mountains or low hills in general Ataniyazov however rejects those hypotheses The word kopet is probably derived from the Persian word kuhibet kuh dag bet bad and means bad mountain No name was given to the entirety of this range but a name was given to each part of it According to Murzayev the section of this mountain range west of Ashgabat was called Kopetdag Murzayev SA p 248 The most common name for this part of the range was Tanrigargan God bless you the Persians called it Kupet in Persian this name is wah i e it is spelled with a long drawn out Ku pet and Ku bet For the most part it was very dangerous to cross because of the wind and the cold That is why the Persians call the mountain range bad mountain and the Turkmens call it God bless you In the second half of the last century Russian scholars who studied in the Kopetdag passed the name onto maps as the name of the entire range and spread it to the public Many of the elders living in the foothills of the Kopetdag do not know the name Kopetdag Vambery conjectures that the word kopet is derived from the words kubbet kuppe perhaps a lot S A Pomerantsev also interprets the name as multi mountain mountain range while the locals consider it part of the mythical Cape Mountain in Kopet but these interpretations are incorrect 4 Geology Edit Kopetdag Mountain Range Chuli Turkmenistan Geologically the Kopet Dag Range is made chiefly of Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks with a smaller portion of Jurassic rocks in the southeastern parts 5 6 The mountains were formed in the Miocene and the Pliocene during the Alpine orogeny As the Tethys Sea was closed and the Arabian Plate collided with the Iranian Plate and was pushed against it and with the clockwise movement of the Eurasian Plate towards the Iranian Plate and their final collision the Iranian Plate was pressed against the Turan Platform This collision folded the entire rocks that had been deposited in this geosyncline or basin from the Jurassic to the Miocene and formed the Kopet Dag Mountains Topography Edit View on Kopetdag Range Akhal Turkmenistan The Kopet Dag Range is a region characterized by foothills dry and sandy slopes mountain plateaus and steep ravines The Kopet Dag is undergoing tectonic transformation and is subject to severe earthquakes Earthquakes exceeding seven on the Richter scale have been recorded 7 Kopet Dagh from space The most western foothills of the Kopetdag mountains are known as the Kurendag Ridge Archaeology EditThere is archaeological evidence of settlement in the well watered northern foothills of the Kopet Dag during the Neolithic period This region is dotted with the multi period hallmarks characteristic of the ancient Near East similar to those southwest of the Kopet Dag in the Gorgan Plain in Iran At Jeitun or Djeitun mud brick houses were first occupied c 6000 BC see BMAC origins Also the foothills of the Kopet Dag near Ashgabat are the site of the remains of the ancient Parthian city of Nisa Nessa Nusay Ski resort Edit Kopetdag Mountain in Snow View from Ashgabat This mountain range has a ski resort officially opened by the former president of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov Despite the lack of snow in the Kopet Dag mountains Niyazov was determined to build a major resort there 8 9 10 Plants and animals Edit Kopet Dag Mountains in May The woodlands of the region are home to many fruit trees shrubs and vines that have proved valuable for human use and selective breeding including pomegranate Punica granatum wild grapes Vitis sylvestris fig Ficus carica wild apple Malus turkmenorum wild pear Pyrus boissieriana wild cherries Prunus spp also called Cerasus microcarpa C erythrocarpa C blinovskii wild prune Prunus divaricata almonds Amygdalus communis Prunus dulcis and A scoparia Prunus scoparia and hawthorns Crataegus spp See also Edit1929 Koppeh Dagh earthquakeReferences Edit خر ب ت ك پ تد گ Iran Retrieved 2010 09 09 Microsoft Encarta World Atlas 2001 Microsoft Corporation Kopet Dag Range Encyclopaedia Britannica www britannica com Atanyyazov S 1970 Turkmenistanyn Toponymyk Sozlugi in Turkmen Ashgabat Ylym pp 152 153 Geological Map of Iran National Geoscience Database of Iran www ngdir ir Geological Map of the Middle East published by Geological Survey of Iran Second Edition 1993 Oct 5 1948 More than 110 000 people were killed by 7 3 quake Staff 11 January 2005 World s worst natural disasters since 1900 CBS News Turkmen government announces new construction projects Archived 2014 01 06 at the Wayback Machine Universal Newswires accessed on November 15 2012 We need to talk about Turkmenistan BBC accessed on February 9 2017 Ski Turkmenistan Google Earth Community accessed on February 9 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kopet Dag amp oldid 1123573483, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
