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Fred C. Koch

January 01, 1970

For Fred C. Koch's eldest son, see Frederick R. Koch.

Fred Chase Koch (/koʊk/ KOHK; September 23, 1900 – November 17, 1967) was an American chemical engineer and entrepreneur who founded the oil refinery firm that later became Koch Industries, a privately held company which—under the principal ownership and leadership of Koch's sons Charles and David—would be listed by Forbes as the second-largest privately held company in the United States in 2015.[2][3]

Fred C. Koch
Born
Fred Chase Koch

(1900-09-23)September 23, 1900
Quanah, Texas, U.S.
DiedNovember 17, 1967(1967-11-17) (aged 67)
Bear River near Ogden, Utah, U.S.[1]
EducationChemical Engineer
Alma materRice University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (BS)
Occupation(s)Chemical engineer, businessman
Known forFounder of Koch Industries; Co-founder of John Birch Society
ChildrenFrederick R. Koch
Charles G. Koch
David H. Koch
William I. Koch
ParentHarry Koch (father)

Early life and education edit

Fred C. Koch was born in Quanah, Texas, the son of Mattie B. (née Mixson) and Harry Koch, a Dutch immigrant.[4] Harry had begun working as a printer's apprentice in Workum, Netherlands. He worked over a year at printers' shops, in The Hague and in Germany, before coming to the U.S. in 1888,[5] where he bought the Tribune-Chief newspaper.[6][7] Fred attended Rice Institute in Houston from 1917 to 1919[8] and graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1922, where he obtained a degree in chemical engineering practice.[8][9][10]

Business career edit

Koch started his career with the Texas Company in Port Arthur, Texas,[8] and later became chief engineer with the Medway Oil & Storage Company on the Isle of Grain in Kent, England. In 1925 he joined a fellow MIT classmate, P.C. Keith, at Keith-Winkler Engineering in Wichita, Kansas. Following the departure of Keith in 1925,[11] the firm became Winkler-Koch Engineering Company.[1][8]

In 1927, Koch developed a more efficient thermal cracking process for deriving gasoline from crude oil, which allowed smaller players in the industry to better compete with the major oil producers.[12] He invented this technology five years after he graduated from MIT.[13] A consortium of large companies quickly sued in response, filing 44 different lawsuits against Koch, embroiling him in litigation for years. Koch prevailed in all but one suit (which would later be overturned, due to the judge having been bribed).[14]

In 1925, Koch had entered into a partnership with Lewis Winkler, a former employee of Universal Oil Products (which is now UOP LLC). Winkler developed a cracking apparatus for heavy crude oil with, ostensibly, no patented difference in comparison to his former employer's intellectual property; thus, in 1929, UOP sued Winkler-Koch for patent infringement. Also that year, nearly three years before the patent case went to trial, Winkler-Koch signed contracts to build petroleum distillation plants in the Soviet Union, which did not recognize intellectual property rights.[15]

This extended litigation blocked Winkler-Koch from selling the technology in the U.S. for several years.[13] In the words of Jane Mayer, "Unable to succeed at home, Koch found work in the Soviet Union."[16] Between 1929 and 1932 Winkler-Koch supported the Kremlin and "trained Bolshevik engineers to help Stalin's regime set up fifteen modern oil refineries"[attribution needed] in the Soviet Union during its first five-year plan.[17][18][19] According to Mayer, "Over time ... Stalin brutally purged several of Koch's Soviet colleagues. Koch was deeply affected by the experience, and regretted his collaboration."[16] The company also built installations in countries throughout Europe, the Middle East and Asia.[1] During the 21st century, when the political donations of Koch's descendants became a matter of controversy, Koch's work in Europe also entered public scrutiny. In 1934, Koch had partnered with William Rhodes Davis to build the Hamburg Oil Refinery, the third-largest oil refinery serving the Third Reich, a project which was personally approved by Adolf Hitler; contemporary critics claim this showed a direct tie between fascism and the modern conservative movement, notwithstanding Koch's much greater involvement in the Soviet Union.[18][20][21] In response, Koch President and COO David L. Robertson acknowledged that Winkler-Koch provided the cracking unit for the 1934 Hamburg refinery, but said that it was but one of many "iconic" American companies doing business in Germany at the time.[22] Robertson provided archival documents showing that from 1928 to 1934, Koch's company helped build 39 cracking units for heavy oil refineries, including ones located in England and France.[22]

Having succeeded in securing the family fortune, Koch joined new partners in 1940 to create the Wood River Oil and Refining Company, which later became known as Koch Industries. In 1946, the firm acquired the Rock Island refinery and crude oil gathering system near Duncan, Oklahoma. Wood River was later renamed the Rock Island Oil and Refining Company.[23] In 1966, he turned over day-to-day management of the company to his son, Charles Koch.[24][25]

Personal life and death edit

In 1932,[26] Koch married Mary Clementine Robinson in Kansas City, Missouri.[27] Mary was the daughter of a prominent Kansas City physician,[28] Ernest Franklin Robinson,[29] who helped to found the University of Kansas School of Medicine,[30] and Mary Burnet Kip,[29] who died at an early age.[28] Her mother Mary was the paternal granddaughter of William Ingraham Kip, the Episcopal missionary bishop to California; and the maternal granddaughter of William Burnet Kinney, ambassador to Italy, and his wife, author Elizabeth Stedman (née Dodge). The Kochs had four sons: Frederick (1933–2020), Charles (b. 1935), and twins David (1940–2019) and William (b. 1940).[8] Fred is also survived by 10 grandchildren, Chase Koch, Elizabeth Koch, John Koch, Mary Julia Koch, David Koch Jr., Wyatt Koch, William Koch, Robin Koch, Kaitlin Koch and Charlotte Koch.

Fred Koch had a long history of heart problems. His son David described in 2010 how he received word that his father had died: "Father was on a hunting trip bird-shooting in Utah. He was in a blind with a gun loader next to him. He was having heart palpitations and wasn't shooting that well. Finally a lone bird came over. He took the shot and hit it square. The duck falls from the air. He turns to the loader and says, 'Boy, that was a magnificent shot,' and then keels over dead."[28]

Political views edit

In 1928, Koch traveled to the Soviet Union to build oil refineries, but he came to despise communism and Joseph Stalin's regime.[6][7] Koch self-published a 39-page, anti-communist pamphlet "A Business Man Looks at Communism" relating his experiences in the Soviet Union and warning of the threat of Communist take-over.[31][32]: 46  Koch wrote that one of the "Potential Methods of Communist Take-over in U.S.A. by Internal Subversion" was "Infiltration of high offices of government and political parties until the President of the U.S. is a Communist...Even the Vice Presidency would do as it could be easily arranged for the President to commit suicide."[28][32]: 46 [33]: 12  He wrote that "socialism is the precursor to communism,"[31][33]: 27  that the Soviet Union was "a land of hunger, misery, and terror",[14][33]: 5  and that he toured the countryside and received what he wrote was a "liberal education in Communist techniques and methods."[14][33]: 5  Koch grew persuaded that the Soviet threat needed to be countered in America.[14]

According to journalist Daniel Schulman, writing in Sons of Wichita: How the Koch Brothers Became America's Most Powerful and Private Dynasty, upon his return to the United States, Koch "saw evidence for communist infiltration everywhere" and the pamphlet was "a forceful, though deeply paranoid polemic intended to jar Americans from their apathy."[32]: 41, 46  According to his son, Charles, "Many of the Soviet engineers he worked with were longtime Bolsheviks who had helped bring on the revolution." It deeply bothered Fred Koch that so many of those so committed to the Communist cause were later purged.[14] According to his son, David, his father "was a very conservative Republican and was not a fan of big government,"[14] and was paranoid about communism.[28] David told author Brian Doherty his father "was constantly speaking to us children about what was wrong with government and government policy. It's something I grew up with – a fundamental point of view that big government was bad, and impositions of government controls on our lives and economic fortunes was not good."[34]: 407 

In 1958, Koch became a founding member of the John Birch Society, a far-right American political advocacy group that opposes communist infiltration and supports limited government.[16][28][35] Koch held John Birch Society chapter meetings in the basement of his family's home in Wichita, Kansas.[32]: 49 [36]

Also in 1958, Koch helped amend the constitution of the state of Kansas to make Kansas a right-to-work state.[15][32]: 49 [37]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Dick Dilsaver (November 18, 1967). "Fred Koch, Industrialist, Dies in Utah". The Wichita Beacon.
  2. ^ Murphy, Andrea, ed. (2015). "America's Largest Private Companies" (online). Forbes (October 28). Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  3. ^ Wayne, Leslie (November 20, 1994). "Pulling the Wraps Off Koch Industries". The New York Times. p. Section 3; Page 1; Column 2.
  4. ^ Mixson, John Leslie (1975). The Mixon-Mixson family, Volume 3. American Reference Publishers.
  5. ^ "Making Headlines" (Adobe Acrobat (*.PDF)), Discovery, Koch Industries: 7, April 2009
  6. ^ a b Daniel Fisher (March 13, 2006). "Mr. Big". Forbes.
  7. ^ a b Koch, Charles C. (2007). The Science of Success: How Market-Based Management Built the World's Largest Private Company. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-470-13988-2.
  8. ^ a b c d e . fmkfoundation.org. Fred C. and Mary R. Koch Foundation. 2008. Archived from the original on November 14, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
  9. ^ Liz Karagianis (Winter 2008). "Empathy for Others: Alumnus gives $100M to create cancer institute". Spectrum. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His late father, Fred C. Koch, MIT class of '22, founded Koch Industries in 1925, made a fortune, and vowed to teach his four sons to become honorable, honest, and principled.
  10. ^ "Fred Chase Koch :: New Netherland Institute". www.newnetherlandinstitute.org. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  11. ^ Memorial Tributes: National Academy of Engineering, Volume 2. National Academy of Engineering. 1984. p. 148. doi:10.17226/565. ISBN 0-309-03482-5. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
  12. ^ O'Reilly, Kenneth (2021). Asphalt: A History. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-4962-2638-9.
  13. ^ a b Sassoon, David (May 10, 2012). "Koch Brothers' Political Activism Protects Their 50-Year Stake in Canadian Heavy Oils". Inside Climate News. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Continetti, Matthew (April 4, 2011). . The Weekly Standard. Archived from the original on April 15, 2011.
  15. ^ a b Graves, Lisa (July 10, 2014). "The Koch Brothers: The Extremist Roots Run Deep". Center for Media and Democracy. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
  16. ^ a b c Mayer, Jane (August 23, 2010). "Covert Operations: The billionaire brothers who are waging a war against Obama". The New Yorker. from the original on August 24, 2010. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  17. ^ Igolkin, Alexander (November 1, 2006). . Oil of Russia. Archived from the original on June 6, 2013.
  18. ^ a b Davies, Dave; Mayer, Jane (January 19, 2016). "'Hidden History' Of Koch Brothers Traces Their Childhood And Political Rise". NPR. Retrieved November 18, 2020 – via Fresh Air.
  19. ^ Dickinson, Tim (September 24, 2014). "Inside the Koch Brothers' Toxic Empire: Together, Charles and David Koch control one of the world's largest fortunes, which they are using to buy up our political system. But what they don't want you to know is how they made all that money". Rolling Stone Magazine. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  20. ^ Confessore, Nicholas (January 11, 2016). "Father of Koch Brothers Helped Build Nazi Oil Refinery, Book Says". The New York Times. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  21. ^ Mayer, Jane (January 24, 2017). Dark Money. Anchor Books. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-307-94790-1.
  22. ^ a b Confessore, Nicholas (January 12, 2016). "Koch Executive Disputes Book's Account of Founder's Role in Nazi Refinery". New York Times. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
  23. ^ J. Howard, Marshall II (1994). Done in Oil: An Autobiography. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-533-1.
  24. ^ Bruce Upbin; Brandon Copple (December 14, 1998). "Creative destruction 101". Forbes.
  25. ^ "Summary of Koch Industries History". sec.gov. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. November 14, 2005. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  26. ^ Wayne, Leslie (November 1989). "Survival of the Richest".
  27. ^ For the ore/oil tanker named after Fred's wife, see Mary R. Koch.
  28. ^ a b c d e f Goldman, Andrew (July 25, 2010). "The Billionaire's Party – David Koch is New York's second-richest man, a celebrated patron of the arts, and the tea party's wallet". New York.
  29. ^ a b Mixson Family Genealogy. Retrieved January 19, 2012
  30. ^ . September 6, 1905. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013.
  31. ^ a b Leopold, Jason (July 30, 2014). "Revealed: Koch brothers' politics reflect their father's anti-communism". Al Jazeera. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  32. ^ a b c d e Schulman, Daniel (2014). Sons of Wichita: How the Koch Brothers Became America's Most Powerful and Private Dynasty. Hachette Book Group. ISBN 978-1455518739.
  33. ^ a b c d Koch, Fred C. (1960). A Business Man Looks at Communism. Wichita, Kansas: self-published.
  34. ^ Doherty, Brian (2007). Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement. Perseus Books Group. ISBN 978-1586483500.
  35. ^ Diamond, Sara (1995). Roads to Dominion: Right-Wing Movements and Political Power in the United States. NY: Guilford Press. p. 324. ISBN 0-89862-862-8.
  36. ^ Gold, Matea (May 20, 2014). "17 things you didn't know about the Koch brothers". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  37. ^ Kaufman, Dan (June 12, 2015). "Scott Walker and the Fate of the Union". The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2015.

External links edit

  • Kansas Business Hall of Fame October 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Historical Honors Award Recipient profile

January 01, 1970
fred, koch, eldest, frederick, koch, fred, chase, koch, kohk, september, 1900, november, 1967, american, chemical, engineer, entrepreneur, founded, refinery, firm, that, later, became, koch, industries, privately, held, company, which, under, principal, owners. For Fred C Koch s eldest son see Frederick R Koch Fred Chase Koch k oʊ k KOHK September 23 1900 November 17 1967 was an American chemical engineer and entrepreneur who founded the oil refinery firm that later became Koch Industries a privately held company which under the principal ownership and leadership of Koch s sons Charles and David would be listed by Forbes as the second largest privately held company in the United States in 2015 2 3 Fred C KochBornFred Chase Koch 1900 09 23 September 23 1900Quanah Texas U S DiedNovember 17 1967 1967 11 17 aged 67 Bear River near Ogden Utah U S 1 EducationChemical EngineerAlma materRice UniversityMassachusetts Institute of Technology BS Occupation s Chemical engineer businessmanKnown forFounder of Koch Industries Co founder of John Birch SocietyChildrenFrederick R KochCharles G KochDavid H KochWilliam I KochParentHarry Koch father Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Business career 3 Personal life and death 4 Political views 5 References 6 External linksEarly life and education editFred C Koch was born in Quanah Texas the son of Mattie B nee Mixson and Harry Koch a Dutch immigrant 4 Harry had begun working as a printer s apprentice in Workum Netherlands He worked over a year at printers shops in The Hague and in Germany before coming to the U S in 1888 5 where he bought the Tribune Chief newspaper 6 7 Fred attended Rice Institute in Houston from 1917 to 1919 8 and graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT in 1922 where he obtained a degree in chemical engineering practice 8 9 10 Business career editKoch started his career with the Texas Company in Port Arthur Texas 8 and later became chief engineer with the Medway Oil amp Storage Company on the Isle of Grain in Kent England In 1925 he joined a fellow MIT classmate P C Keith at Keith Winkler Engineering in Wichita Kansas Following the departure of Keith in 1925 11 the firm became Winkler Koch Engineering Company 1 8 In 1927 Koch developed a more efficient thermal cracking process for deriving gasoline from crude oil which allowed smaller players in the industry to better compete with the major oil producers 12 He invented this technology five years after he graduated from MIT 13 A consortium of large companies quickly sued in response filing 44 different lawsuits against Koch embroiling him in litigation for years Koch prevailed in all but one suit which would later be overturned due to the judge having been bribed 14 In 1925 Koch had entered into a partnership with Lewis Winkler a former employee of Universal Oil Products which is now UOP LLC Winkler developed a cracking apparatus for heavy crude oil with ostensibly no patented difference in comparison to his former employer s intellectual property thus in 1929 UOP sued Winkler Koch for patent infringement Also that year nearly three years before the patent case went to trial Winkler Koch signed contracts to build petroleum distillation plants in the Soviet Union which did not recognize intellectual property rights 15 This extended litigation blocked Winkler Koch from selling the technology in the U S for several years 13 In the words of Jane Mayer Unable to succeed at home Koch found work in the Soviet Union 16 Between 1929 and 1932 Winkler Koch supported the Kremlin and trained Bolshevik engineers to help Stalin s regime set up fifteen modern oil refineries attribution needed in the Soviet Union during its first five year plan 17 18 19 According to Mayer Over time Stalin brutally purged several of Koch s Soviet colleagues Koch was deeply affected by the experience and regretted his collaboration 16 The company also built installations in countries throughout Europe the Middle East and Asia 1 During the 21st century when the political donations of Koch s descendants became a matter of controversy Koch s work in Europe also entered public scrutiny In 1934 Koch had partnered with William Rhodes Davis to build the Hamburg Oil Refinery the third largest oil refinery serving the Third Reich a project which was personally approved by Adolf Hitler contemporary critics claim this showed a direct tie between fascism and the modern conservative movement notwithstanding Koch s much greater involvement in the Soviet Union 18 20 21 In response Koch President and COO David L Robertson acknowledged that Winkler Koch provided the cracking unit for the 1934 Hamburg refinery but said that it was but one of many iconic American companies doing business in Germany at the time 22 Robertson provided archival documents showing that from 1928 to 1934 Koch s company helped build 39 cracking units for heavy oil refineries including ones located in England and France 22 Having succeeded in securing the family fortune Koch joined new partners in 1940 to create the Wood River Oil and Refining Company which later became known as Koch Industries In 1946 the firm acquired the Rock Island refinery and crude oil gathering system near Duncan Oklahoma Wood River was later renamed the Rock Island Oil and Refining Company 23 In 1966 he turned over day to day management of the company to his son Charles Koch 24 25 Personal life and death editIn 1932 26 Koch married Mary Clementine Robinson in Kansas City Missouri 27 Mary was the daughter of a prominent Kansas City physician 28 Ernest Franklin Robinson 29 who helped to found the University of Kansas School of Medicine 30 and Mary Burnet Kip 29 who died at an early age 28 Her mother Mary was the paternal granddaughter of William Ingraham Kip the Episcopal missionary bishop to California and the maternal granddaughter of William Burnet Kinney ambassador to Italy and his wife author Elizabeth Stedman nee Dodge The Kochs had four sons Frederick 1933 2020 Charles b 1935 and twins David 1940 2019 and William b 1940 8 Fred is also survived by 10 grandchildren Chase Koch Elizabeth Koch John Koch Mary Julia Koch David Koch Jr Wyatt Koch William Koch Robin Koch Kaitlin Koch and Charlotte Koch Fred Koch had a long history of heart problems His son David described in 2010 how he received word that his father had died Father was on a hunting trip bird shooting in Utah He was in a blind with a gun loader next to him He was having heart palpitations and wasn t shooting that well Finally a lone bird came over He took the shot and hit it square The duck falls from the air He turns to the loader and says Boy that was a magnificent shot and then keels over dead 28 Political views editIn 1928 Koch traveled to the Soviet Union to build oil refineries but he came to despise communism and Joseph Stalin s regime 6 7 Koch self published a 39 page anti communist pamphlet A Business Man Looks at Communism relating his experiences in the Soviet Union and warning of the threat of Communist take over 31 32 46 Koch wrote that one of the Potential Methods of Communist Take over in U S A by Internal Subversion was Infiltration of high offices of government and political parties until the President of the U S is a Communist Even the Vice Presidency would do as it could be easily arranged for the President to commit suicide 28 32 46 33 12 He wrote that socialism is the precursor to communism 31 33 27 that the Soviet Union was a land of hunger misery and terror 14 33 5 and that he toured the countryside and received what he wrote was a liberal education in Communist techniques and methods 14 33 5 Koch grew persuaded that the Soviet threat needed to be countered in America 14 According to journalist Daniel Schulman writing in Sons of Wichita How the Koch Brothers Became America s Most Powerful and Private Dynasty upon his return to the United States Koch saw evidence for communist infiltration everywhere and the pamphlet was a forceful though deeply paranoid polemic intended to jar Americans from their apathy 32 41 46 According to his son Charles Many of the Soviet engineers he worked with were longtime Bolsheviks who had helped bring on the revolution It deeply bothered Fred Koch that so many of those so committed to the Communist cause were later purged 14 According to his son David his father was a very conservative Republican and was not a fan of big government 14 and was paranoid about communism 28 David told author Brian Doherty his father was constantly speaking to us children about what was wrong with government and government policy It s something I grew up with a fundamental point of view that big government was bad and impositions of government controls on our lives and economic fortunes was not good 34 407 In 1958 Koch became a founding member of the John Birch Society a far right American political advocacy group that opposes communist infiltration and supports limited government 16 28 35 Koch held John Birch Society chapter meetings in the basement of his family s home in Wichita Kansas 32 49 36 Also in 1958 Koch helped amend the constitution of the state of Kansas to make Kansas a right to work state 15 32 49 37 References edit a b c Dick Dilsaver November 18 1967 Fred Koch Industrialist Dies in Utah The Wichita Beacon Murphy Andrea ed 2015 America s Largest Private Companies online Forbes October 28 Retrieved January 19 2016 Wayne Leslie November 20 1994 Pulling the Wraps Off Koch Industries The New York Times p Section 3 Page 1 Column 2 Mixson John Leslie 1975 The Mixon Mixson family Volume 3 American Reference Publishers Making Headlines Adobe Acrobat PDF Discovery Koch Industries 7 April 2009 a b Daniel Fisher March 13 2006 Mr Big Forbes a b Koch Charles C 2007 The Science of Success How Market Based Management Built the World s Largest Private Company John Wiley amp Sons Inc p 6 ISBN 978 0 470 13988 2 a b c d e History fmkfoundation org Fred C and Mary R Koch Foundation 2008 Archived from the original on November 14 2013 Retrieved May 1 2010 Liz Karagianis Winter 2008 Empathy for Others Alumnus gives 100M to create cancer institute Spectrum Massachusetts Institute of Technology His late father Fred C Koch MIT class of 22 founded Koch Industries in 1925 made a fortune and vowed to teach his four sons to become honorable honest and principled Fred Chase Koch New Netherland Institute www newnetherlandinstitute org Retrieved March 22 2024 Memorial Tributes National Academy of Engineering Volume 2 National Academy of Engineering 1984 p 148 doi 10 17226 565 ISBN 0 309 03482 5 Retrieved May 1 2010 O Reilly Kenneth 2021 Asphalt A History Lincoln University of Nebraska Press p 205 ISBN 978 1 4962 2638 9 a b Sassoon David May 10 2012 Koch Brothers Political Activism Protects Their 50 Year Stake in Canadian Heavy Oils Inside Climate News Retrieved September 2 2022 a b c d e f Continetti Matthew April 4 2011 The Paranoid Style in Liberal Politics The Weekly Standard Archived from the original on April 15 2011 a b Graves Lisa July 10 2014 The Koch Brothers The Extremist Roots Run Deep Center for Media and Democracy Retrieved July 25 2015 a b c Mayer Jane August 23 2010 Covert Operations The billionaire brothers who are waging a war against Obama The New Yorker Archived from the original on August 24 2010 Retrieved April 16 2023 Igolkin Alexander November 1 2006 Learning From American Experience Oil of Russia Archived from the original on June 6 2013 a b Davies Dave Mayer Jane January 19 2016 Hidden History Of Koch Brothers Traces Their Childhood And Political Rise NPR Retrieved November 18 2020 via Fresh Air Dickinson Tim September 24 2014 Inside the Koch Brothers Toxic Empire Together Charles and David Koch control one of the world s largest fortunes which they are using to buy up our political system But what they don t want you to know is how they made all that money Rolling Stone Magazine Retrieved November 18 2020 Confessore Nicholas January 11 2016 Father of Koch Brothers Helped Build Nazi Oil Refinery Book Says The New York Times Retrieved January 12 2016 Mayer Jane January 24 2017 Dark Money Anchor Books p 36 ISBN 978 0 307 94790 1 a b Confessore Nicholas January 12 2016 Koch Executive Disputes Book s Account of Founder s Role in Nazi Refinery New York Times Retrieved January 13 2016 J Howard Marshall II 1994 Done in Oil An Autobiography College Station Texas A amp M University Press ISBN 0 89096 533 1 Bruce Upbin Brandon Copple December 14 1998 Creative destruction 101 Forbes Summary of Koch Industries History sec gov U S Securities and Exchange Commission November 14 2005 Retrieved February 18 2010 Wayne Leslie November 1989 Survival of the Richest For the ore oil tanker named after Fred s wife see Mary R Koch a b c d e f Goldman Andrew July 25 2010 The Billionaire s Party David Koch is New York s second richest man a celebrated patron of the arts and the tea party s wallet New York a b Mixson Family Genealogy Retrieved January 19 2012 The University of Kansas Present At The Creation September 6 1905 Archived from the original on May 23 2013 a b Leopold Jason July 30 2014 Revealed Koch brothers politics reflect their father s anti communism Al Jazeera Retrieved June 15 2015 a b c d e Schulman Daniel 2014 Sons of Wichita How the Koch Brothers Became America s Most Powerful and Private Dynasty Hachette Book Group ISBN 978 1455518739 a b c d Koch Fred C 1960 A Business Man Looks at Communism Wichita Kansas self published Doherty Brian 2007 Radicals for Capitalism A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement Perseus Books Group ISBN 978 1586483500 Diamond Sara 1995 Roads to Dominion Right Wing Movements and Political Power in the United States NY Guilford Press p 324 ISBN 0 89862 862 8 Gold Matea May 20 2014 17 things you didn t know about the Koch brothers The Washington Post Retrieved July 28 2015 Kaufman Dan June 12 2015 Scott Walker and the Fate of the Union The New York Times Retrieved August 21 2015 External links editKansas Business Hall of Fame Archived October 9 2015 at the Wayback Machine Historical Honors Award Recipient profile Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fred C Koch amp oldid 1221828926, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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