Kičevo
Coordinates: 41°31′04″N 20°57′56″E / 41.51778°N 20.96556°E
Kičevo (Macedonian: Кичево [ˈkitʃɛvɔ] (listen); Albanian: Kërçovë) is a city in the western part of North Macedonia, located in a valley in the south-eastern slopes of Mount Bistra, between the cities of Ohrid and Gostivar. The capital Skopje is 112 km away. The city of Kičevo is the seat of Kičevo Municipality.
Kičevo | |
|---|---|
Town | |
Kičevo | |
Kičevo Location within North Macedonia | |
| Coordinates: 41°31′04″N 20°57′56″E / 41.51778°N 20.96556°E | |
| Country | North Macedonia |
| Region | Southwestern |
| Municipality | Kičevo |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Fatmir Dehari (DUI) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 814.3 km2 (314.4 sq mi) |
| Population (2002) | |
| • Total | 27,076 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 6250 |
| Area code | +389 |
| Car plates | KI |
| Climate | Cfb |
Name
The name of the city in Macedonian and other South Slavic languages is Kičevo (Кичево). The name of the city in Albanian is Kërçovë. It was originally known as Uskana and was inhabited by the Illyrians. It is presumed that the present name of the town originates from the name of this settlement populated by the Slavic Brsjaci tribe.[1] In Turkish, the city is known as Kırçova. Kicevo was first mentioned as Uskana (Ωξάνα in Ancient Greek) in the reign of Perseus, king of Macedon during the Third Macedonian War (171-169 BC).[2] The next written record of the town did not come until 1018, under the name of Kitzabis (from Kίτζαβις in Byzantine Greek), or sometimes as Kitsabis or Kitsavis or Kitzbon, or slavicised as Kicavis, noted in one of the documents of the Byzantine emperor Basil II.[3] Under the rule of Prince Marko it was known as Katin Grad, because Marko's sister was named Katina.
History
Medieval
Kičevo was noted in one of the documents of the Byzantine emperor Basil II in 1018, and also mentioned by the Ohrid archbishop Theophilact in the 11th century. The city would fall to the Bulgars and would become a part of the First Bulgarian Empire, one of the first cities to be added to the Archbishopric of Ohrid and also a part of the Second Bulgarian Empire.[4] Serbian ethnographer of Mijak descent Toma Smiljanić-Bradina mentions the city being advanced in the reign of Justinian the I and the Macedonian dynasty, the city first fell under Serbian rule during the reign of Stefan Uroš I and finally under Stefan Milutin in 1283, both rules founded and rebuilt monasteries and churches in the wider region. After the downfall of the Serbian Empire the city was under the rule of Vukašin of Serbia of the Mrnjavčević family after which it passed to the rule of his legendary son Prince Marko and finally to the Ottomans.[5]
Ottoman
When the region was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, Kičevo was turned into the military and administrative center of the region. Notable monument of that period is a clock tower built in the foothills of the nearby hill called Kichevsko Kale.
According to Serbian ethnographer Toma Smiljanić-Bradina, the local Slavs of the region still lived in a semi-independent fashion as they did under the rule of Prince Marko retaining their status as "earthly lords" of their fortresses. This semi-independent way of life persisted until the 15th century with the military campaigns of John Hunyadi, according to local folklore the Sultan visited the region for the first time on his way to the Battle of Kosovo, this alongside the locals support for Skenderbeg infuriated the Sultan who ordered mass conversions and atrocities that peaked in the time of the Sultan Selim I. According to local folklore the inhabitants of the region also participated in the Christian rebellions during the Austrian advance of the Great Turkish War and were forced to flee after its failure, he also noted that Ali Pasha of Ioannina was well liked by the local population after his rebellion, having lost his support with the Sultan he sought it from the local people and established law and order and punished outlaws.[5] The activities of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) in the region of Kičevo were initiated by the priest Josif from the monastery of Bogorodica Prečista near the city, supported by many teachers from the neighbouring villages. On August 2, 1903, the Christian citizens of Kičevo participated in the Ilinden Uprising, led by Arso Vojvoda and Yordan Piperkata.
Modern
In 1913 Kičevo and the whole region were incorporated in the Kingdom of Serbia. The city was occupied by the Kingdom of Bulgaria during the First world war. It became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918. From 1929 to 1941, Kičevo was part of the Vardar Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
During World War II, Kičevo was occupied by forces from Fascist Italy and ceded to Albania. On September 9, 1943, after the Armistice of Cassibile, Macedonian and Albanian partisan units disarmed the Italian garrison and took temporary control of the city.[6] Thus, Kičevo became the first city seized by the communist Partisans during the World War II in Macedonia. However, soon after the capitulation of Italy, Nazi Germany occupied that area. The Germans put Balli Kombëtar in charge of Albania under German rule. The city was finally seized by the Communists on November 15, 1944, after German retreat.
In 1945 the area was ceded to Communist Yugoslavia. In 1991 the city became part of the newly proclaimed Republic of Macedonia.
Demographics
In the 1467-1468 Ottoman defter, Kićevo was divided into two mahallas (neighbourhoods): The Mahale-i Arnavut (Albanian neighbourhood), where the heads of families appear with symbiotic Albanian-Christian-Slavic anthroponomy, and the Serbian mahala, where some Albanian names also appear, in conjunction with Slavic ones.[7]
According to Bulgarian ethnographers the city was home to a Bulgarian Orthodox population and a Bulgarian Muslim population. According to Vasil Kanchov the city had a population of 4844, of which 1200 were Bulgarian Orthodox, 3560 were Bulgarian Muslims, and 84 Roma, with Albanians being present in the surrounding villages.[8]
Modern
The municipality of Kičevo has 56,734 inhabitants, and the city 27,076. The largest ethnic group in the city of Kičevo is the Macedonians who constitute for 15,031 people (55.5%), followed by the Albanians with 7,641 people (28.2%), the Turks with about 2,406 (8.9%) and Roma with 4.9%.[9]
Orthodox Christians made up 15,139 (55.9%) of the city's population according to the 2002 census, while Muslims were the second-largest religious group in the city, numbering 11,759 (43.4%).
The most common native languages are Macedonian (62.5%), Albanian (28.2%), Turkish (8.0%) and Romani 0.4%.
| Ethnic group | census 1948 | census 1953 | census 1961 | census 1971 | census 1981 | census 1994 | census 2002 | census 2021 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Macedonians | .. | .. | 3,747 | 39.2 | 6,809 | 66.0 | 9,900 | 64.3 | 13,236 | 58.9 | 15,255 | 60.7 | 15,031 | 55.5 | 12,687 | 54.2 |
| Albanians | .. | .. | 232 | 2.4 | 681 | 6.6 | 2,284 | 14.9 | 4,516 | 20.1 | 5,902 | 23.5 | 7,641 | 28.2 | 5,110 | 21.8 |
| Turks | .. | .. | 4,749 | 49.7 | 2,079 | 20.2 | 2,041 | 13.3 | 2,175 | 9.7 | 2,175 | 8.7 | 2,406 | 8.9 | 2,069 | 8.8 |
| Romani | .. | .. | 54 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 17 | 0.1 | 304 | 1.3 | 1,235 | 4.9 | 1,329 | 4.9 | 1,775 | 7.6 |
| Serbs | .. | .. | 484 | 5.1 | 394 | 3.8 | 305 | 2.0 | 203 | 0.9 | 96 | 0.4 | 82 | 0.3 | 49 | 0.2 |
| Vlachs | .. | .. | 4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 0.0 | 15 | 0.1 | 75 | 0.3 | 67 | 0.2 |
| Bosniaks | .. | .. | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 0.0 | 8 | 0.0 |
| Others | .. | .. | 297 | 3.1 | 394 | 3.5 | 846 | 5.5 | 2,040 | 9.1 | 451 | 1.8 | 496 | 1.8 | 164 | 0.7 |
| Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources | 1,499 | 6.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 7,280 | 9,567 | 10,324 | 15,393 | 22,479 | 25,129 | 27,076 | 23,428 | ||||||||
Culture
Мacedonian traditional clothing
The characteristics of the traditional clothing are massive embroiders on the shirt, collar and sleeves, white and black top garments, several types of head coverings, richly decorated skirts and several different regional varieties of pants and coats, in Kičevo specifically waist sashes are worn, fur coats, decorated collars, embroidered cuffs and fur coats.[11]
Albanian traditional clothing
The Kičevo area maintains a unique composition of traditional Albanian clothing. Unlike the Albanian dialects[clarification needed] of the region, the traditional clothing of the Albanians in Kičevo are unitary; rather, diversity is shown varying on gender, age, and situation.[12] Examples of this include the lower part of men's clothing which is characterised by the tirqe; the colour of the tirqe varied depending on age, with youth usually wearing white tirqe and the older men wearing dark brown tirqe. Women wear a shami (headscarf), which exists in several forms. Depending on the occasion, a shami can be red or white, but white scarves are preferred. The Brezi (belt) was not only used for decoration, but also as a symbol of the level of burrni (manhood) of its wearer as well as to store tobacco and related objects. The brezi of grown married women is usually tighter and typically white, decorated with a variety of ornaments. Young girls wore a black brez, and elderly women wore a reddish brez.
Monuments
Monastery of St. Bogorodica Prečista (Monastery of Immaculate Mother of God) is a significant monastery near Kičevo. Dedicated to the Virgin Mary, Mother of God, the feast day of this monastery is "Mala Bogorodica", (Birthday of the Virgin Mary on the 21st of September). The monastery, dedicated to the Annunciation and lodgings for devout female monks, represents a medieval monastery that was known under the name Krninski monastery in the past.
This monastery is actually an important site for the study of common cult of Christians and Muslims because it is visited by believers from both religions. The reason of this common cult is due to the miraculous powers of the water source inside the monastery.[13]
Another important monument is the monastery of St. George located in the vicinity of Kičevo.
There are also many important mosques from the Ottoman Empire's times of rule and from the Islamic population.
Sports
Local football club FK Napredok has spent several seasons in the Macedonian First Football League and KF Vëllazërimi 77 plays in the Macedonian Third League.
Twin towns - twin cities
Notable people
- Besart Ibraimi, footballer
- Florian Kadriu, footballer
- Omer Kaleshi, painter
- Yoakim Karchovski, priest
- Vlatko Lozanoski, singer
- Vesna Milošević, former handballer
- Vlado Taneski, journalist and serial killer
- Saint Evnuvios, Paisios and Averikios
Notes
"lower-alpha" is not used in the content (see the help page).References
- ^ "Ancient Toponymies renamed by Slavs". history-of-macedonia.com. from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ Atanasovski, Goran. "Kicevo - history & culture". travel2macedonia.com.mk. from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ Dalibor Brozović, Hrvatska enciklopedija, 1999, s.v. "Kičevo".
- ^ "Мемоар на делегациите на Кичевския край". Retrieved 18 September 2022.
Кичево е съществувал като български градец още в IX век. Кичевско е влизало в границите на първото и второ българско царство във времето на Бориса, Симеона, Петра, Самуила и Асена II. В черковно отношение до XII век Кичево е спадал в Охридската епархия. В първата своя грамота от 1019 г. Василий Българоубиец повелява на охридския архиепископ да има като своя епархия градовете Охрид, Преспа, Мокра и Кичево. От XII в. заедно с Дебър Кичево образува отделна епархия и влиза в диоцеза на Българската архиепископия до самото й унищожение (1767 г.). Във времето на охридския архиепископ Теофилакт XII в.) в Кичево е дошъл да направи една
- ^ a b Smiljanić-Bradina, Toma. "Кичевија - Тома Смиљаниќ (1926)". kicevo.mk. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
- ^ Pearson, Owen (2006). Albania in Occupation and War: From Fascism to Communism 1940-1945. I.B.Tauris. p. 271. ISBN 1-84511-104-4.
- ^ a b Rexha, Iljaz (2011). "Vendbanimet dhe popullsia albane gjatë mesjetës në hapësirën e Maqedonisë së sotme: Sipas burimeve sllave dhe osmane". Gjurmime Albanologjike: Seria e Shkencave Historike (41–42): 104–105.
Në vendbanimin e Kërçovës, në defterin osman të vitit 1467/68, ishte regjistruar Lagjja e Albanëve, por me formën turke, Mahale-iArnavut e përftuar nga forma greke Arvanit-is me anë të metatezës. Në këtë lagje ishin regjistruar edhe këta kryefamiljarë me antroponimi simbiotike arbneshe-krishtere-sllave, ku shihet se të gjithë banorët e kësaj lagjeje ishin me prejardhje albane me këta kryefamiljarë...Edhe në lagjen tjetër qe ishte emërtuar si Lagjja Serbe në Kërçovë, disa kryefamiljarë të kësaj mëhalle mbanin antroponimi të krishtere tradicionale albane, në simbiozë me atë sllave:
- ^ Кънчов, Васил. "Македония. Етнография и Статистика". promacedonia.org (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 18 September 2022.
- ^ Macedonian census, language and religion 2014-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Censuses of population 1948 - 2002 2013-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Народни носии од Брсјачка етнографска целина". www.mn.mk. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
- ^ Xheladini, Adem (2011). "COSTUMES OF KËRÇOVA - TRADITION OF DEDICATION TO CONTINUITY" (PDF). Journal of Institute Alb-Shkenca. 4: 703–707.
- ^ Dionigi Albera - Maria Couroucli (2013). I luoghi sacri comuni ai monoteismi, tra Cristianesimo, Ebraismo e Islam. Brescia: Morcelliana. pp. 15–34. ISBN 978-88-372-2657-2.
External links
- Kičevo web site - mk
- Kičevo web site - sq
- Kičevo portal web
- Information on Kicevo as part of the "New Economic Geography" map of the European Stability Initiative 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine