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Kirk Fordice

Daniel Kirkwood "Kirk" Fordice Jr. (/fɔːrds/; February 10, 1934 – September 7, 2004) was an American politician and businessman who served as the 61st governor of Mississippi from 1992 to 2000. He was the first Republican governor of the state since Reconstruction, and the state's first governor elected to two consecutive four-year terms (following a 1987 amendment to the state constitution).[1]

Kirk Fordice
61st Governor of Mississippi
In office
January 14, 1992 – January 11, 2000
LieutenantEddie Briggs
Ronnie Musgrove
Preceded byRay Mabus
Succeeded byRonnie Musgrove
Personal details
Born
Daniel Kirkwood Fordice Jr.

(1934-02-10)February 10, 1934
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
DiedSeptember 7, 2004(2004-09-07) (aged 70)
Jackson, Mississippi, U.S.
Resting placeParkway Memorial Cemetery, Ridgeland, Mississippi
Political partyRepublican
Spouses
(m. 1955; div. 1999)
Ann G. Creson
(m. 2000; div. 2003)
Children4
ProfessionBusinessman
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch/service United States Army
Army Reserve
Years of service1957–1959; 1959–1977
RankColonel
Battles/warsVietnam War

Fordice was a staunch conservative, running on a pro-business, anti-crime, low-tax, "family values" platform.[2] He first ran for governor in 1991, championing various conservative causes, and received 51 percent of the vote, defeating Democratic incumbent Ray Mabus. He was reelected in 1995, and served until his term expired in 2000.

Early life edit

Daniel Kirkwood Fordice Jr. was born in Memphis, Tennessee, on February 10, 1934. He studied civil engineering at Purdue University, earning a bachelor's degree and a master's in 1956 and 1957, respectively.[3] After graduation he served with the United States Army for two years. He remained in the Army Reserve until 1977, retiring with the rank of colonel.[4]

Fordice eventually took control of his father's firm, Fordice Construction Company. In the 1960s he created a building division for the company, focusing on industrial structures, and in the 1980 he created a bridge division.[5] Fordice's reliance on federal government contracts led him to involve himself in several construction trade groups. In 1974 he joined the executive committee of the Associated General Contractors of America. Holding various leadership positions in the group form 1988 to 1991[3] (serving the last two years as its president[6]), he acted as a strong proponent of the construction industry and testified several times before U.S. congressional committees. He led the organization through several involved lawsuits aimed at ending minority and small business set-aside requirements for contracting, including City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.. His activity in the trade groups increased his interest in politics.[3]

Political career edit

 
Fordice greeting President Ronald Reagan at a Republican fundraising dinner in 1983

Fordice joined the Republican Party during Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign. He chaired the Warren County organizations for Gil Carmichael's gubernatorial campaigns in the 1970s.[7] In 1982 he was elected secretary of the Mississippi Republican Party[8] and convinced the Associated General Contractors to publicly support Republican Haley Barbour in that year's United States Senate election in Mississippi.[9]

In 1991 State Auditor Pete Johnson, a former Democrat, entered the 1991 Republican gubernatorial primary. He was challenged by Fordice and another candidate. While Johnson was treated as the frontrunner for much of the campaign, Fordice gradually built a skilled political organization.[10] He characterized Johnson as a "professional politician".[11] Fordice led in the first primary and defeated Johnson in an October runoff, taking 31,753 votes to Johnson's 20,622 votes.[10] While he approached Republican leaders who had embraced Johnson early on with some suspicion, the party rallied around him for the general election.[12]

In the general election Fordice faced Democratic incumbent Ray Mabus.[13] Fordice declared his support for legislative term limits and welfare reform. He labeled Mabus a "Kennedyesque liberal" who focused too much on education and criticized his deficit spending.[14] Republican-hosted focus groups found the governor to be "aloof" and unconcerned with the necessities of "average" Mississippians.[9] Mabus continued to advocate support for public education and attack Fordice as a lobbyist and outside who did not appreciate the needs of the state. Later in the campaign, race became an issue, as Fordice declared his support for workfare and ending racial quotas. Mabus aired a series of television ads which accused Fordice of planning to shut down the state's historically black schools.[14]

The governor spent twice as much as his opponent and held an edge in polls up to the election, but many potential voters identified themselves as undecided. On November 5, Fordice won with 50.8 percent to Mabus' 47.6 percent, the first Republican victory in a Mississippi gubernatorial race since 1874.[15] Having received six percent less of the total vote share than in 1987, several observers blamed Mabus' loss on perception that he was an arrogant leader. Turnout among black voters was also lower in 1991, and some national Democrats accused Fordice of using race-baiting tactics.[16] He was inaugurated as governor on January 14, 1992.[17]

He vetoed the Education Enhancement Act of 1992, arguing that it was tantamount to a tax increase, but the legislature overrode his veto.[18]

 
Fordice giving a speech in 1997

Fordice was re-elected in 1995 against Democratic Mississippi Secretary of State Dick Molpus. His second inauguration was on January 16, 1996. An outspoken conservative, Fordice advocated tax cuts, the abolishment of affirmative action, reductions in the welfare system, expanded capital punishment, tougher prison conditions and the building of more prisons.[19] He was injured in a car wreck on November 5, and Lieutenant Governor Ronnie Musgrove served as acting governor from November 7 to December 17 while Fordice recovered in a hospital.[20]

Fordice offended Jewish groups such as B'nai B'rith by referring to America as "a Christian Nation" during a Republican governors conference. South Carolina governor Carroll Campbell quickly offered a correction, adding "Judeo-" as a prefix to Christian, but Fordice snapped back that he meant what he said. He later apologized for any offense. Fordice refused to discuss any increase in public school pay rates across the state, even though Mississippi ranked 49th in the nation. When teachers discussed striking he ordered that any teacher who went on strike be immediately fired.[21]

In August 1996, Fordice signed an executive order banning recognition of same-sex marriages in Mississippi.[22] Lawmakers said then that they would back up the executive order with a law. In 2004, Mississippi voters passed a constitutional amendment defining marriage as only between a man and a woman and further banning recognition of same-sex marriages from other states and countries.[23][24] Both acts were declared unconstitutional by the 2015 Obergefell v. Hodges decision from the Supreme Court of the United States.

Fordice said he would have quit his position of Governor while still in office, except that he did not want to give the Democratic candidate, Musgrove, any spot-light time of running the state before the actual election.[25] He left office on January 11, 2000.[26]

Personal life edit

Extramarital affair edit

Fordice's tenure was roiled by an extramarital affair with his high school sweetheart Ann G. Creson, which led to his divorce from his wife of forty-four years, Pat Fordice. After leaving office, Fordice married Ann, but they later divorced.

Fordice received much scorn when he suddenly announced that he had "irreconcilable differences" with his wife in 1993; she claimed that she had no intention of getting a divorce, and they remained together. Additionally, in 1996, he was photographed eating lunch with a middle-aged woman. These two scandals were soon overshadowed by Fordice's other actions, and he came to national attention for supporting the impeachment of then-president Bill Clinton on moral grounds. In June 1999, the media reported Fordice's long-running extramarital affair with his high school sweetheart, Ann Creson, who had recently been widowed; they were photographed returning from a vacation together, and journalists reported that Fordice and Creson kissed and massaged each other's shoulders.[27] Outside the governor's private home in Madison, Fordice responded to WLBT reporter Bert Case asking questions in his news car by threatening to "whip your ass".[28]

Later that year, he announced that he was divorcing his wife of 44 years and the mother of his four children. In the divorce petition, Fordice claimed that he and his wife had been estranged for three years, even though they both lived in the Governor's mansion, and that he planned to marry Creson as soon as the divorce was finalized.[29] Pat Fordice condemned her husband's actions, issuing a formal statement reading "it is not fair for Governor Fordice to call upon her to calm the storms by making or adopting public announcements which run contrary to her true feelings ... [Pat Fordice] apologizes to the people of this state for being a partner in a marriage that has become a source of embarrassment for Mississippi."[30]

Just days after the divorce was finalized in early 2000, Fordice married Creson; they divorced in 2003. Fordice died in 2004, surrounded by his children and former wife; the two are interred beside each other with their own individual grave markers.[31]

Retirement years and death edit

After retiring, Fordice settled in Madison, Mississippi. He died from leukemia in Jackson on September 7, 2004, at age 70.[32] Kirk and Pat Fordice, who reconciled shortly before his death, are interred with a double marker at Parkway Memorial Cemetery in Ridgeland.

References edit

  1. ^ . www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016.
  2. ^ Smothers, Ronald (October 2, 1992). "A Two-Fisted Governor With a 'Foot in Mouth' Style". The New York Times. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c Mullaney 1994, p. 211.
  4. ^ Sansing, David G. (April 14, 2018). "Kirk Fordice". Mississippi Encyclopedia. Center for Study of Southern Culture. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  5. ^ Dement 2014, p. 229.
  6. ^ Dement 2014, p. 230.
  7. ^ Danielson 2011, p. 218.
  8. ^ Nash & Taggart 2009, p. 150.
  9. ^ a b Nash & Taggart 2009, p. 226.
  10. ^ a b Nash & Taggart 2009, pp. 226–227.
  11. ^ Lamis 1999, p. 254.
  12. ^ Nash & Taggart 2009, p. 227.
  13. ^ Nash & Taggart 2009, pp. 228–229.
  14. ^ a b Mullaney 1994, p. 209.
  15. ^ Lamis 1999, p. 255.
  16. ^ Lamis 1999, pp. 255–256.
  17. ^ "Fordice sworn in as governor of Mississippi". Austin American-Statesman. January 15, 1992. p. A13.
  18. ^ Melear, Kerry Brian (July 11, 2017). "Education Enhancement Act of 1992". Mississippi Encyclopedia. Center for Study of Southern Culture. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  19. ^ "Press, Politics and Consensus in New Old South". The New York Times. February 24, 1997.
  20. ^ Sansing 2016, p. 235.
  21. ^ "Rant, Listen, Exploit, Learn, Scare, Help, Manipulate, Lead". The New York Times. January 28, 1996.
  22. ^ "FindLaw for Legal Professionals – Law & Legal Information".
  23. ^ USA Today: Amendment banning gay marriage passes, usatoday.com; accessed February 3, 2017.
  24. ^ "Mississippi Governor Bans Same-Sex Marriage". The New York Times. August 24, 1996.
  25. ^ Ayres, B. Drummond Jr. (August 29, 1999). "POLITICAL BRIEFING; Now, a New Episode Of the Fordice Saga" – via NYTimes.com.
  26. ^ Sansing 2016, p. 233.
  27. ^ "Changing Partners In Dixie". Washington Post. July 13, 1999. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
  28. ^ Sansing 2016, p. 236.
  29. ^ "Fordices File for Divorce". AP News. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
  30. ^ "Changing Partners In Dixie". Washington Post. July 13, 1999. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
  31. ^ "Kirk Fordice; Miss. Governor Stirred Controversy (washingtonpost.com)". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
  32. ^ "Kirk Fordice, 70, Former Governor of Mississippi, Dies". The New York Times. Associated Press. September 8, 2004. Retrieved October 15, 2019.

Sources edit

  • Danielson, Chris (2011). After Freedom Summer : How Race Realigned Mississippi Politics, 1965–1986. University of Florida Press. ISBN 9780813037387.
  • Dement, Polly (2014). Mississippi Entrepreneurs. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781626741232.
  • Edsall, Thomas B. "Miss. Governor Ending Historic Tenure", The Washington Post, February 27, 1999; pg. L1
  • Lamis, Alexander P., ed. (1999). Southern Politics in the 1990s. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 9780807166765.
  • Mullaney, Marie Marmo (1994). Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1988-1994. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313283123.
  • Nash, Jere; Taggart, Andy (2009). Mississippi Politics: The Struggle for Power, 1976-2008 (second ed.). University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781604733570.
  • Sansing, David G. (2016). Mississippi Governors: Soldiers, Statesmen, Scholars, Scoundrels (first ed.). Oxford: Nautilus Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-936946-81-5.

External links edit

Party political offices
Preceded by Republican nominee for Governor of Mississippi
1991, 1995
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Governor of Mississippi
January 14, 1992 – January 11, 2000
Succeeded by

kirk, fordice, daniel, kirkwood, kirk, fordice, ɔːr, february, 1934, september, 2004, american, politician, businessman, served, 61st, governor, mississippi, from, 1992, 2000, first, republican, governor, state, since, reconstruction, state, first, governor, e. Daniel Kirkwood Kirk Fordice Jr f ɔːr d aɪ s February 10 1934 September 7 2004 was an American politician and businessman who served as the 61st governor of Mississippi from 1992 to 2000 He was the first Republican governor of the state since Reconstruction and the state s first governor elected to two consecutive four year terms following a 1987 amendment to the state constitution 1 Kirk Fordice61st Governor of MississippiIn office January 14 1992 January 11 2000LieutenantEddie BriggsRonnie MusgrovePreceded byRay MabusSucceeded byRonnie MusgrovePersonal detailsBornDaniel Kirkwood Fordice Jr 1934 02 10 February 10 1934Memphis Tennessee U S DiedSeptember 7 2004 2004 09 07 aged 70 Jackson Mississippi U S Resting placeParkway Memorial Cemetery Ridgeland MississippiPolitical partyRepublicanSpousesPatricia Owens m 1955 div 1999 wbr Ann G Creson m 2000 div 2003 wbr Children4ProfessionBusinessmanMilitary serviceAllegiance United StatesBranch service United States Army Army ReserveYears of service1957 1959 1959 1977RankColonelBattles warsVietnam War 1st Infantry Division Fordice was a staunch conservative running on a pro business anti crime low tax family values platform 2 He first ran for governor in 1991 championing various conservative causes and received 51 percent of the vote defeating Democratic incumbent Ray Mabus He was reelected in 1995 and served until his term expired in 2000 Contents 1 Early life 2 Political career 3 Personal life 3 1 Extramarital affair 3 2 Retirement years and death 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksEarly life editDaniel Kirkwood Fordice Jr was born in Memphis Tennessee on February 10 1934 He studied civil engineering at Purdue University earning a bachelor s degree and a master s in 1956 and 1957 respectively 3 After graduation he served with the United States Army for two years He remained in the Army Reserve until 1977 retiring with the rank of colonel 4 Fordice eventually took control of his father s firm Fordice Construction Company In the 1960s he created a building division for the company focusing on industrial structures and in the 1980 he created a bridge division 5 Fordice s reliance on federal government contracts led him to involve himself in several construction trade groups In 1974 he joined the executive committee of the Associated General Contractors of America Holding various leadership positions in the group form 1988 to 1991 3 serving the last two years as its president 6 he acted as a strong proponent of the construction industry and testified several times before U S congressional committees He led the organization through several involved lawsuits aimed at ending minority and small business set aside requirements for contracting including City of Richmond v J A Croson Co His activity in the trade groups increased his interest in politics 3 Political career edit nbsp Fordice greeting President Ronald Reagan at a Republican fundraising dinner in 1983 Fordice joined the Republican Party during Barry Goldwater s 1964 presidential campaign He chaired the Warren County organizations for Gil Carmichael s gubernatorial campaigns in the 1970s 7 In 1982 he was elected secretary of the Mississippi Republican Party 8 and convinced the Associated General Contractors to publicly support Republican Haley Barbour in that year s United States Senate election in Mississippi 9 In 1991 State Auditor Pete Johnson a former Democrat entered the 1991 Republican gubernatorial primary He was challenged by Fordice and another candidate While Johnson was treated as the frontrunner for much of the campaign Fordice gradually built a skilled political organization 10 He characterized Johnson as a professional politician 11 Fordice led in the first primary and defeated Johnson in an October runoff taking 31 753 votes to Johnson s 20 622 votes 10 While he approached Republican leaders who had embraced Johnson early on with some suspicion the party rallied around him for the general election 12 In the general election Fordice faced Democratic incumbent Ray Mabus 13 Fordice declared his support for legislative term limits and welfare reform He labeled Mabus a Kennedyesque liberal who focused too much on education and criticized his deficit spending 14 Republican hosted focus groups found the governor to be aloof and unconcerned with the necessities of average Mississippians 9 Mabus continued to advocate support for public education and attack Fordice as a lobbyist and outside who did not appreciate the needs of the state Later in the campaign race became an issue as Fordice declared his support for workfare and ending racial quotas Mabus aired a series of television ads which accused Fordice of planning to shut down the state s historically black schools 14 The governor spent twice as much as his opponent and held an edge in polls up to the election but many potential voters identified themselves as undecided On November 5 Fordice won with 50 8 percent to Mabus 47 6 percent the first Republican victory in a Mississippi gubernatorial race since 1874 15 Having received six percent less of the total vote share than in 1987 several observers blamed Mabus loss on perception that he was an arrogant leader Turnout among black voters was also lower in 1991 and some national Democrats accused Fordice of using race baiting tactics 16 He was inaugurated as governor on January 14 1992 17 He vetoed the Education Enhancement Act of 1992 arguing that it was tantamount to a tax increase but the legislature overrode his veto 18 nbsp Fordice giving a speech in 1997 Fordice was re elected in 1995 against Democratic Mississippi Secretary of State Dick Molpus His second inauguration was on January 16 1996 An outspoken conservative Fordice advocated tax cuts the abolishment of affirmative action reductions in the welfare system expanded capital punishment tougher prison conditions and the building of more prisons 19 He was injured in a car wreck on November 5 and Lieutenant Governor Ronnie Musgrove served as acting governor from November 7 to December 17 while Fordice recovered in a hospital 20 Fordice offended Jewish groups such as B nai B rith by referring to America as a Christian Nation during a Republican governors conference South Carolina governor Carroll Campbell quickly offered a correction adding Judeo as a prefix to Christian but Fordice snapped back that he meant what he said He later apologized for any offense Fordice refused to discuss any increase in public school pay rates across the state even though Mississippi ranked 49th in the nation When teachers discussed striking he ordered that any teacher who went on strike be immediately fired 21 In August 1996 Fordice signed an executive order banning recognition of same sex marriages in Mississippi 22 Lawmakers said then that they would back up the executive order with a law In 2004 Mississippi voters passed a constitutional amendment defining marriage as only between a man and a woman and further banning recognition of same sex marriages from other states and countries 23 24 Both acts were declared unconstitutional by the 2015 Obergefell v Hodges decision from the Supreme Court of the United States Fordice said he would have quit his position of Governor while still in office except that he did not want to give the Democratic candidate Musgrove any spot light time of running the state before the actual election 25 He left office on January 11 2000 26 Personal life editExtramarital affair edit Fordice s tenure was roiled by an extramarital affair with his high school sweetheart Ann G Creson which led to his divorce from his wife of forty four years Pat Fordice After leaving office Fordice married Ann but they later divorced Fordice received much scorn when he suddenly announced that he had irreconcilable differences with his wife in 1993 she claimed that she had no intention of getting a divorce and they remained together Additionally in 1996 he was photographed eating lunch with a middle aged woman These two scandals were soon overshadowed by Fordice s other actions and he came to national attention for supporting the impeachment of then president Bill Clinton on moral grounds In June 1999 the media reported Fordice s long running extramarital affair with his high school sweetheart Ann Creson who had recently been widowed they were photographed returning from a vacation together and journalists reported that Fordice and Creson kissed and massaged each other s shoulders 27 Outside the governor s private home in Madison Fordice responded to WLBT reporter Bert Case asking questions in his news car by threatening to whip your ass 28 Later that year he announced that he was divorcing his wife of 44 years and the mother of his four children In the divorce petition Fordice claimed that he and his wife had been estranged for three years even though they both lived in the Governor s mansion and that he planned to marry Creson as soon as the divorce was finalized 29 Pat Fordice condemned her husband s actions issuing a formal statement reading it is not fair for Governor Fordice to call upon her to calm the storms by making or adopting public announcements which run contrary to her true feelings Pat Fordice apologizes to the people of this state for being a partner in a marriage that has become a source of embarrassment for Mississippi 30 Just days after the divorce was finalized in early 2000 Fordice married Creson they divorced in 2003 Fordice died in 2004 surrounded by his children and former wife the two are interred beside each other with their own individual grave markers 31 Retirement years and death edit After retiring Fordice settled in Madison Mississippi He died from leukemia in Jackson on September 7 2004 at age 70 32 Kirk and Pat Fordice who reconciled shortly before his death are interred with a double marker at Parkway Memorial Cemetery in Ridgeland Portals nbsp Biography nbsp MississippiReferences edit Haley Barbour Sixty fourth and Sixty fifth Governor of Mississippi 2004 2008 2008 2012 Mississippi History Now www mshistorynow mdah ms gov Archived from the original on December 30 2016 Smothers Ronald October 2 1992 A Two Fisted Governor With a Foot in Mouth Style The New York Times Retrieved September 15 2018 a b c Mullaney 1994 p 211 Sansing David G April 14 2018 Kirk Fordice Mississippi Encyclopedia Center for Study of Southern Culture Retrieved July 2 2022 Dement 2014 p 229 Dement 2014 p 230 Danielson 2011 p 218 Nash amp Taggart 2009 p 150 a b Nash amp Taggart 2009 p 226 a b Nash amp Taggart 2009 pp 226 227 Lamis 1999 p 254 Nash amp Taggart 2009 p 227 Nash amp Taggart 2009 pp 228 229 a b Mullaney 1994 p 209 Lamis 1999 p 255 Lamis 1999 pp 255 256 Fordice sworn in as governor of Mississippi Austin American Statesman January 15 1992 p A13 Melear Kerry Brian July 11 2017 Education Enhancement Act of 1992 Mississippi Encyclopedia Center for Study of Southern Culture Retrieved July 2 2022 Press Politics and Consensus in New Old South The New York Times February 24 1997 Sansing 2016 p 235 Rant Listen Exploit Learn Scare Help Manipulate Lead The New York Times January 28 1996 FindLaw for Legal Professionals Law amp Legal Information USA Today Amendment banning gay marriage passes usatoday com accessed February 3 2017 Mississippi Governor Bans Same Sex Marriage The New York Times August 24 1996 Ayres B Drummond Jr August 29 1999 POLITICAL BRIEFING Now a New Episode Of the Fordice Saga via NYTimes com Sansing 2016 p 233 Changing Partners In Dixie Washington Post July 13 1999 ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved September 16 2018 Sansing 2016 p 236 Fordices File for Divorce AP News Retrieved September 15 2018 Changing Partners In Dixie Washington Post July 13 1999 ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved September 16 2018 Kirk Fordice Miss Governor Stirred Controversy washingtonpost com www washingtonpost com Retrieved September 15 2018 Kirk Fordice 70 Former Governor of Mississippi Dies The New York Times Associated Press September 8 2004 Retrieved October 15 2019 Sources editDanielson Chris 2011 After Freedom Summer How Race Realigned Mississippi Politics 1965 1986 University of Florida Press ISBN 9780813037387 Dement Polly 2014 Mississippi Entrepreneurs University Press of Mississippi ISBN 9781626741232 Edsall Thomas B Miss Governor Ending Historic Tenure The Washington Post February 27 1999 pg L1 Lamis Alexander P ed 1999 Southern Politics in the 1990s Louisiana State University Press ISBN 9780807166765 Mullaney Marie Marmo 1994 Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States 1988 1994 Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 9780313283123 Nash Jere Taggart Andy 2009 Mississippi Politics The Struggle for Power 1976 2008 second ed University Press of Mississippi ISBN 9781604733570 Sansing David G 2016 Mississippi Governors Soldiers Statesmen Scholars Scoundrels first ed Oxford Nautilus Publishing Company ISBN 978 1 936946 81 5 External links editKirk Fordice at Find a Grave Appearances on C SPAN Party political offices Preceded byJack Reed Republican nominee for Governor of Mississippi1991 1995 Succeeded byMichael Parker Political offices Preceded byRay Mabus Governor of MississippiJanuary 14 1992 January 11 2000 Succeeded byRonnie Musgrove Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kirk Fordice amp oldid 1206251236, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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