The Agosta-70A class submarines were eventually offered to Pakistan, which Pakistan acquired for its military in 1978 and commissioned in Pakistan Navy in 1979.[11] In Pakistan Navy, there are known as Hashmat Class.
In 1983–1985, the class of submarines were deployed in Arabian Sea to deter the actions of the larger Indian Navy in seaborne theatre. As part of the Cold War operation, they were deployed in the Arabian Sea and later embarked on being deployed on long-range mission to test depth and submerged endurance in Indian Ocean.[12][13]
VariantsEdit
The Agosta-90B-class submarines is an improved version with modern systems, better battery with longer endurance, deeper diving capability, lower acoustic cavitation and better automatic control (reducing crew from 54 to 36). It can be equipped with the MESMA air-independent propulsion (AIP) system.[14] It is capable of carrying a combined load up to 16 torpedoes, SM39 Exocet, and seaborne nuclear cruise missiles.[15]
PNS/M Saad (S138) – assembled in Pakistan with French assistance, completed in 2002
PNS/M Hamza (S139) – built in Pakistan with French assistance, commissioned 14 August 2006
In March 2018, DCNS, the original builder lost a bidding competition to the Turkish firm STM, for mid-life upgrades to the 3 class subs. The upgrades will replace "the submarine’s entire sonar suite, periscope systems, command and control system, radar and electronic support systems. HAVELSAN- [Turkey’s state-controlled military software company] and ASELSAN [Turkish defense contractor]-made systems will also be exported as part of the project.” As well as install a "SharpEye low probability-of-intercept (LPI) radar system aboard" and "make modifications on the pressure hull, the most critical structure in a submarine, by carrying out system-to-system and platform-to-system integrations for various systems, to be provided by local and foreign companies.”[22]
^Jane's submarines : war beneath the waves from 1776 to the present day. 2001. p. 211.
^Shabbir, Usman. . pakdef.org. « PakDef Military Consortium. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^Toit, Allan Du (1992). South Africaʼs Fighting Ships: Past and Present. Ashanti Pub. Pty Limited. p. 359. ISBN9781874800507. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
^Alexander, E. G. McGill; Barron, Gary K. B.; Bateman, Anthony J. (1986). South African orders, decorations, and medals(snippet view). Human & Rousseau. p. 160. ISBN9780798118958. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
^Shabbir, Usman (June 2003). . pakdef.org. Islamabad: « PakDef Military Consortium. Archived from the original on 2017-02-16. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
^Maguire, Keith (1991). Politics in South Africa: From Vorster to de Klerk(snippet view). Chambers. p. 151. ISBN9780550207524. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
^Moukambi, Victor (2008-10-13). Relations between South Africa and France with special reference to military matters, 1960-1990 (DPhil). University of Stellenbosch. hdl:10019.1/1228.
^Wessels, Andre (20 April 2007). "The South African Navy During The Years of Conflict In Southern Africa, 1966-1989". Journal for Contemporary History. 31 (3): 283–303. hdl:10520/EJC28400.
^NTI, Nuclear Threat Initiatives staffer. "Pakistan Submarine Capabilities". www.nti.org. Nuclear Threat Initiatives. from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^Goldrick, James (1995). No Easy Answers: The Development of the Navies of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, 1945-1996. Sydney, Australia: Lancer Publishers. ISBN9781897829028. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^"Hashmat Class (Fr Agosta-70)". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
^Rikhye, Ravi (1985). The Fourth Round: Indo-Pak War 1984. ABC Publishing House. p. 253. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
^Waters, Conrad (2011). Seaforth World Naval Review 2012. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN9781783830985. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
^"SSK Agosta 90B Class Submarine - Naval Technology". Naval Technology. from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2017-10-30.
^"SSK Agosta 90B Class Submarine, France". naval-technology.com. from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
^Anwar, Dr Muhammad (2006-11-27). Friends Near Home: Pakistan's Strategic Security Options. AuthorHouse. ISBN9781467015417. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^ ab"Agosta submarine deal - Benazir, Zardari not involved: ex-naval spy chief - The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. No. 4/5. Islamabad: The Express Tribune, Islamabad. The Express Tribune. 5 December 2010. from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
^Siddiqa-Agha, A. (2001). "§Arms Procurement for the Navy" (google books). Pakistan's Arms Procurement and Military Buildup, 1979-99: In Search of a Policy. New York, [us]: Springer. p. 230. ISBN9780230513525. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
^Osman, Ali (19 October 2015). "Pakistan's tool of war: Agosta 90B, our submarine in the deep". DAWN.COM. Dawn newspapers, Osman. Dawn newspapers. from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^"Agosta launched; ship deal on cards". DAWN.COM. 25 August 2002. from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^"Pakistan Navy Test-fires Two Missiles". People's Daily. 11 March 2001. from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
^Gady, Franz-Stefan. "Turkey to Upgrade Pakistan Navy Attack Sub". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
External linksEdit
Naval Technology page on Agosta 90B
October 21, 2023
agosta, class, submarine, class, diesel, electric, attack, submarine, developed, constructed, french, dcns, 1970s, succeed, daphné, class, submarines, submarines, have, served, french, navy, well, exported, navies, spain, pakistan, also, used, royal, malaysian. The Agosta class submarine is a class of diesel electric attack submarine developed and constructed by the French DCNS in the 1970s to succeed the Daphne class submarines The submarines have served in the French Navy as well as exported to the navies of Spain and Pakistan It also used by Royal Malaysian Navy for the training purpose They were replaced in French service by the Rubis class nuclear attack submarines but are still in active service with the navies of Spain and Pakistan The French Navy grouped this model of submarine in their most capable class as an oceanique meaning ocean going 2 French Agosta 70 submarine Ouessant at Brest in 2005Class overviewOperators French Navy former Royal Malaysian Navy former Spanish Navy Pakistan NavyPreceded byDaphne classSucceeded byScorpene class Rubis classSubclassesAgosta 90BBuilt1977 2006In commission1977 Active in service in Spain and PakistanPlanned13Completed13Active7Retired6Scrapped5Preserved1General characteristicsDisplacement1 500 long tons 1 524 t surfaced 1 760 long tons 1 788 t submerged France Spain 2 050 long tons 2 083 t submerged Pakistan Length67 m 219 ft 10 in France Spain 76 m 249 ft 4 in Pakistan Beam6 m 19 ft 8 in Speed12 knots 22 km h 14 mph surfaced 20 5 knots 38 0 km h 23 6 mph submerged 10 5 knots 19 4 km h 12 1 mph submerged snorkeling Range8 500 miles 13 679 km Test depth300 m 980 ft France Spain 350 m 1 150 ft Pakistan Complement5 officers 36 menSensors and processing systemsThomson CSF DRUA 33 Radar Thomson Sintra DSUV 22 DUUA 2D Sonar DUUA 1D Sonar DUUX 2 Sonar DSUV 62A towed arrayArmamentSM 39 Exocet 4 533 mm 21 in bow torpedo tubes 12 reloads on Khalid class 16 reloads on Hashmat class 1 ECAN L5 Mod 3 amp ECAN F17 Mod 2 torpedoesThe Agosta class is named for its lead unit Agosta which in turn was named for the Battle of Augusta French Agosta of 22 April 1676 Contents 1 Ships 1 1 French Navy 1 2 Spanish Navy 1 3 Pakistan Navy 2 Variants 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksShips Edit nbsp Mistral S 73 nbsp Submarine Museum ex Ouessant S623 French Navy Edit built by Arsenal de Cherbourg Agosta S 620 completed 1977 decommissioned 1997 Beveziers S 621 completed 1977 decommissioned 1998 citation needed La Praya S 622 completed 1978 decommissioned 2000 citation needed Ouessant S 623 completed 1978 decommissioned 2001 transferred to Royal Malaysian Navy Spanish Navy Edit built by Cartagena dockyard Galerna S 71 completed 1983 in service Siroco S 72 completed 1983 decommissioned 2012 Mistral S 73 completed 1985 decommissioned 2020 Tramontana S 74 completed 1985 in servicePakistan Navy Edit PNS M Hashmat S135 completed in 1979 originally named Astrant PNS M Hurmat S136 completed in 1980 originally named AdventurousOn 10 September 1974 South Africa announced to expand its submarine arm by entering in defence talks with France to acquire the Agosta 70 class submarines 113 3 South African Prime Minister P W Botha engaged in discussion with acquiring two Agosta 70 class submarines with French President Valery d Estaing and had Capt L J Woodburne as the project manager of acquisition of Agosta 70 program in South African Navy 4 Dubigeon Normandie the French contractor built two Agosta 70 class submarine 5 However France denied to order of delivery to South African Navy following the implementation of Resolution 418 an arms embargo by the United Nations 6 7 8 9 10 The Agosta 70A class submarines were eventually offered to Pakistan which Pakistan acquired for its military in 1978 and commissioned in Pakistan Navy in 1979 11 In Pakistan Navy there are known as Hashmat Class In 1983 1985 the class of submarines were deployed in Arabian Sea to deter the actions of the larger Indian Navy in seaborne theatre As part of the Cold War operation they were deployed in the Arabian Sea and later embarked on being deployed on long range mission to test depth and submerged endurance in Indian Ocean 12 13 Variants EditThe Agosta 90B class submarines is an improved version with modern systems better battery with longer endurance deeper diving capability lower acoustic cavitation and better automatic control reducing crew from 54 to 36 It can be equipped with the MESMA air independent propulsion AIP system 14 It is capable of carrying a combined load up to 16 torpedoes SM39 Exocet and seaborne nuclear cruise missiles 15 The submarines were built through the technology transfer by France to Pakistan that resulted in complicated and lengthy negotiations between the Benazir Bhutto government and the Mitterrand administration in 1992 and signed with the Chirac administration in 1992 16 The Agosta 90Bs were chosen over the British Upholder Victoria class and the project was initially aimed at 520 million 17 but the programme of technology transfer costed 950 million for which France first provided loans that were paid in five to six years 18 17 In 2000 France gave Pakistan the licence to offer commercial production of the submarines to potential customers 19 20 The SM39 was test fired from a Khalid class submarine in 2001 21 PNS M Khalid S137 built in France by DCN Cherbourg completed in 1999 PNS M Saad S138 assembled in Pakistan with French assistance completed in 2002 PNS M Hamza S139 built in Pakistan with French assistance commissioned 14 August 2006In March 2018 DCNS the original builder lost a bidding competition to the Turkish firm STM for mid life upgrades to the 3 class subs The upgrades will replace the submarine s entire sonar suite periscope systems command and control system radar and electronic support systems HAVELSAN Turkey s state controlled military software company and ASELSAN Turkish defense contractor made systems will also be exported as part of the project As well as install a SharpEye low probability of intercept LPI radar system aboard and make modifications on the pressure hull the most critical structure in a submarine by carrying out system to system and platform to system integrations for various systems to be provided by local and foreign companies 22 See also EditList of submarines of France List of submarine classes in serviceReferences Edit Jane s submarines war beneath the waves from 1776 to the present day 2001 p 211 Shabbir Usman Agosta 90B PakDef Military Consortium pakdef org PakDef Military Consortium Archived from the original on 16 February 2017 Retrieved 12 January 2017 Toit Allan Du 1992 South Africaʼs Fighting Ships Past and Present Ashanti Pub Pty Limited p 359 ISBN 9781874800507 Retrieved 29 September 2018 Alexander E G McGill Barron Gary K B Bateman Anthony J 1986 South African orders decorations and medals snippet view Human amp Rousseau p 160 ISBN 9780798118958 Retrieved 29 September 2018 Shabbir Usman June 2003 AGOSTA 70A pakdef org Islamabad PakDef Military Consortium Archived from the original on 2017 02 16 Retrieved 29 September 2018 Maguire Keith 1991 Politics in South Africa From Vorster to de Klerk snippet view Chambers p 151 ISBN 9780550207524 Retrieved 29 September 2018 Moukambi Victor 2008 10 13 Relations between South Africa and France with special reference to military matters 1960 1990 DPhil University of Stellenbosch hdl 10019 1 1228 Wessels Andre 20 April 2007 The South African Navy During The Years of Conflict In Southern Africa 1966 1989 Journal for Contemporary History 31 3 283 303 hdl 10520 EJC28400 NTI Nuclear Threat Initiatives staffer Pakistan Submarine Capabilities www nti org Nuclear Threat Initiatives Archived from the original on 31 May 2012 Retrieved 12 January 2017 Goldrick James 1995 No Easy Answers The Development of the Navies of India Pakistan Bangladesh and Sri Lanka 1945 1996 Sydney Australia Lancer Publishers ISBN 9781897829028 Retrieved 12 January 2017 Hashmat Class Fr Agosta 70 www globalsecurity org Retrieved 14 October 2023 Rikhye Ravi 1985 The Fourth Round Indo Pak War 1984 ABC Publishing House p 253 Retrieved 29 September 2018 Waters Conrad 2011 Seaforth World Naval Review 2012 Seaforth Publishing ISBN 9781783830985 Retrieved 29 September 2018 SSK Agosta 90B Class Submarine Naval Technology Naval Technology Archived from the original on 2011 06 05 Retrieved 2017 10 30 SSK Agosta 90B Class Submarine France naval technology com Archived from the original on 5 June 2011 Retrieved 19 May 2015 Anwar Dr Muhammad 2006 11 27 Friends Near Home Pakistan s Strategic Security Options AuthorHouse ISBN 9781467015417 Retrieved 12 January 2017 a b Agosta submarine deal Benazir Zardari not involved ex naval spy chief The Express Tribune The Express Tribune No 4 5 Islamabad The Express Tribune Islamabad The Express Tribune 5 December 2010 Archived from the original on 18 January 2017 Retrieved 17 January 2017 Siddiqa Agha A 2001 Arms Procurement for the Navy google books Pakistan s Arms Procurement and Military Buildup 1979 99 In Search of a Policy New York us Springer p 230 ISBN 9780230513525 Retrieved 17 January 2017 Osman Ali 19 October 2015 Pakistan s tool of war Agosta 90B our submarine in the deep DAWN COM Dawn newspapers Osman Dawn newspapers Archived from the original on 13 January 2017 Retrieved 12 January 2017 Agosta launched ship deal on cards DAWN COM 25 August 2002 Archived from the original on 13 January 2017 Retrieved 12 January 2017 Pakistan Navy Test fires Two Missiles People s Daily 11 March 2001 Archived from the original on 8 October 2012 Retrieved 19 May 2015 Gady Franz Stefan Turkey to Upgrade Pakistan Navy Attack Sub thediplomat com Retrieved 2022 03 02 External links EditNaval Technology page on Agosta 90B Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Agosta class submarine amp oldid 1180062568, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
