Zhu Wen initially allied himself as Huang Chao's lieutenant. However, he took Huang's best troops and established his own power base as a warlord in Kaifeng.[citation needed] By 904, he had exerted control over both of the twin Tang dynasty capitals of Chang'an and Luoyang. Tang emperor Zhaozong was ordered murdered by Zhu in 904 and the last Tang emperor, Ai Di (Emperor Ai of Tang), was deposed three years later. Emperor Ai of Tang was murdered in 908, also ordered by Zhu.
Meanwhile, Zhu Wen declared himself emperor of the new Later Liang in Kaifeng in 907. The name Liang refers to the Henan region in which the heart of the regime rested.
Extent of controledit
The Later Liang controlled most of northern China, though much of Shaanxi (controlled by the Qi) as well as Hebei (controlled by the Yan state) and Shanxi (controlled by Shatuo Turks state Jin) remained largely outside Later Liang control.
End of the dynastyedit
The Later Liang maintained a tense relationship with the Shatuo Turks, due to the rivalry between Zhu Quanzong and Li Keyong, a relationship that began back in the time of the Tang dynasty. After Li Keyong's death, his son, Li Cunxu, continued to expand his State of Jin. Li was able to destroy the Later Liang in 923 and found Later Tang.
Conference of the Mandate of Heaven on the Later Liangedit
Two Emperors of the Qi and Liang Dynasties, in Jami al-Tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles), by Rashid al-Din, Iran, 1306 CE
Generally through Chinese history, it was historians of later kingdoms whose histories bestowed the Mandate of Heaven posthumously on preceding dynasties. This was typically done for the purpose of strengthening the present rulers' ties to the Mandate themselves. Song dynasty historian Xue Juzheng did exactly this in his work History of the Five Dynasties.
Several justifications were given for this, and successive Five Dynasties regimes, to be conferred the Mandate of Heaven. Among these was that these dynasties all controlled most of the traditional Chinese heartland. However, the Later Liang was an embarrassment in the brutality it employed, causing many to want to deny it this status, but doing so would break the chain through the other Five Dynasties, and thus to the Song dynasty, which itself was the successor to the last of the Five Dynasties.
^Mo ("last") is not a true posthumous name, but he is often referred to as "Emperor Mo" as the last emperor of the dynasty.
Referencesedit
Mote, F.W. (1999). Imperial China: 900–1800. Harvard University Press. ISBN0-674-01212-7.
February 16, 2024
later, liang, five, dynasties, other, dynasties, called, liang, later, liang, liang, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed. For other dynasties called Liang or Later Liang see Liang This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Later Liang Five Dynasties news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Liang known in historiography as the Later Liang simplified Chinese 后梁 traditional Chinese 後梁 pinyin Hou Liang 1 June 907 19 November 923 or the Zhu Liang Chinese 朱梁 was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period It was founded by Zhu Wen Emperor Taizu after he forced the last emperor of the Tang dynasty to abdicate in his favour and then murdered him The Later Liang would last until 923 when it was destroyed by the Later Tang dynasty Liang梁907 923CapitalLuoyang 907 913 Kaifeng 913 923 Common languagesMiddle ChineseGovernmentMonarchyEmperor 907 912Emperor Taizu 912 913Zhu Yougui 913 923Emperor ModiHistorical eraFive Dynasties Established1 June 907 Surrender of Kaifeng19 November 923Preceded by Succeeded byTang dynasty Later TangJie YanZhaoToday part ofChinaStone relief from the tomb of Wang Chuzhi National Museum Beijing Contents 1 Formation 2 Extent of control 3 End of the dynasty 4 Conference of the Mandate of Heaven on the Later Liang 5 Rulers 5 1 Rulers family tree 6 See also 7 Notes 8 ReferencesFormation editZhu Wen initially allied himself as Huang Chao s lieutenant However he took Huang s best troops and established his own power base as a warlord in Kaifeng citation needed By 904 he had exerted control over both of the twin Tang dynasty capitals of Chang an and Luoyang Tang emperor Zhaozong was ordered murdered by Zhu in 904 and the last Tang emperor Ai Di Emperor Ai of Tang was deposed three years later Emperor Ai of Tang was murdered in 908 also ordered by Zhu Meanwhile Zhu Wen declared himself emperor of the new Later Liang in Kaifeng in 907 The name Liang refers to the Henan region in which the heart of the regime rested Extent of control editThe Later Liang controlled most of northern China though much of Shaanxi controlled by the Qi as well as Hebei controlled by the Yan state and Shanxi controlled by Shatuo Turks state Jin remained largely outside Later Liang control End of the dynasty editThe Later Liang maintained a tense relationship with the Shatuo Turks due to the rivalry between Zhu Quanzong and Li Keyong a relationship that began back in the time of the Tang dynasty After Li Keyong s death his son Li Cunxu continued to expand his State of Jin Li was able to destroy the Later Liang in 923 and found Later Tang Conference of the Mandate of Heaven on the Later Liang edit nbsp Two Emperors of the Qi and Liang Dynasties in Jami al Tawarikh Compendium of Chronicles by Rashid al Din Iran 1306 CEGenerally through Chinese history it was historians of later kingdoms whose histories bestowed the Mandate of Heaven posthumously on preceding dynasties This was typically done for the purpose of strengthening the present rulers ties to the Mandate themselves Song dynasty historian Xue Juzheng did exactly this in his work History of the Five Dynasties Several justifications were given for this and successive Five Dynasties regimes to be conferred the Mandate of Heaven Among these was that these dynasties all controlled most of the traditional Chinese heartland However the Later Liang was an embarrassment in the brutality it employed causing many to want to deny it this status but doing so would break the chain through the other Five Dynasties and thus to the Song dynasty which itself was the successor to the last of the Five Dynasties Rulers editTemple names Posthumous names Family names and given name Chinese naming conventions Durations of reigns Era names and their according durationsTaizǔ 太祖 Too Tedious thus unused when referring to this sovereign Zhu Wen 朱溫 Family name and given name 907 912 Kaiping 開平 907 911 Qianhua 乾化 911 912Did not exist none Zhu Yougui 朱友珪 Family name and given name 912 913 Qianhua 乾化 912 913 Fengli 鳳曆 913Did not exist Mo 末 note 1 Zhu Zhen 朱瑱 Family name and given name 913 923 Qianhua 乾化 913 915 Zhenming 貞明 915 921 Longde 龍德 921 923Rulers family tree edit Later LiangZhu Wen 朱溫 852 912 nbsp Taizu 太祖 907 91238Zhu Yougui朱友圭 d 913912 913Zhu Zhen 朱瑱 888 923Modi 末帝 913 923See also editHuang Chao Jiedushi Tang dynastyNotes edit Mo last is not a true posthumous name but he is often referred to as Emperor Mo as the last emperor of the dynasty References editMote F W 1999 Imperial China 900 1800 Harvard University Press ISBN 0 674 01212 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Later Liang Five Dynasties amp oldid 1199698886, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
