For the creek with this name in Hungary, see Kobilje Creek.
A ward (Amharic: ቀበሌ; Oromo: Araddaa; Tigrinya: ታቢያ, romanized: tābiyā, lit. 'neighbourhood') is the smallest administrative unit of Ethiopia: a ward, a neighbourhood or a localized and delimited group of people. It is part of a district, itself usually part of a zone, which in turn are grouped into one of the regions or two chartered cities that comprise the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.[1]
Each ward consists of at least 500 families, or the equivalent of 3,500 to 4,000 persons. There is at least one in every town with more than 2,000 population. A district's representative had jurisdiction over to ward.
The ward, also referred to as a peasant association, was created by the Derg in 1975 to promote development and to manage land reform; they became a key element that the rival Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party and MEISON fought each other, and the ruling Derg, to control during the Ethiopian Red Terror.[2] The wards were retained as administrative units by the Transitional Government of Ethiopia upon the conclusion of the Ethiopian Civil War in 1991; ever since, their administrative role has expanded to include the provision of government services more broadly. As Human Rights Watch noted, ward officials determine eligibility for food assistance, recommend referrals to secondary health care and schools, and help provide access to state-distributed resources such as seeds, fertilizers, credit, and other essential agricultural inputs."[3]
Structure and functions
The lowest level of local government with limited autonomy there are the kebeles. They are at the neighbourhood level and are the primary contact for most citizens living in Ethiopia. Their administrative unit consists of an elected council, a cabinet (executive committee), a social court and the development and security staff. Kebeles are accountable to their woreda councils and are typically responsible for providing basic education, primary health care, agriculture, water, and rural roads. The kebeles are headed by cadres loyal to the political coalition who see the people's everyday lives. Therefore, they are also excellent for observing movements undesirable for the central government. However, the influence of the bosom is not unlimited and complete. The system is becoming less and less functioning at lower levels in fast-growing urban communities. OPDO in Oromia only introduced the sub-intestinal system in 2001, but it did not fully become operational until the 2005 elections.[4]
^Population and Health in Developing Countries: Population, Health and Survival at INDEPTH Sites 2006-02-13 at the Wayback Machine. ISBN0-88936-948-8
^Edmond J. Keller, Revolutionary Ethiopia: From Empire to People's Republic (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991), pp. 234f
^"One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure", p. 17. Human Rights Watch report, released 10 March 2010
^Vértesy, László; Lemango, Teketel (2022). "Comparison of local governments in Hungary and Ethiopia". De Iurisprudentia et Iure Publico. XIII (1–2): 62–75. ISSN 1789-0446 – via ResearchGate.
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wards, ethiopia, creek, with, this, name, hungary, kobilje, creek, ward, amharic, ቀበሌ, oromo, araddaa, tigrinya, ታቢያ, romanized, tābiyā, neighbourhood, smallest, administrative, unit, ethiopia, ward, neighbourhood, localized, delimited, group, people, part, di. For the creek with this name in Hungary see Kobilje Creek A ward Amharic ቀበሌ Oromo Araddaa Tigrinya ታቢያ romanized tabiya lit neighbourhood is the smallest administrative unit of Ethiopia a ward a neighbourhood or a localized and delimited group of people It is part of a district itself usually part of a zone which in turn are grouped into one of the regions or two chartered cities that comprise the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 1 Each ward consists of at least 500 families or the equivalent of 3 500 to 4 000 persons There is at least one in every town with more than 2 000 population A district s representative had jurisdiction over to ward The ward also referred to as a peasant association was created by the Derg in 1975 to promote development and to manage land reform they became a key element that the rival Ethiopian People s Revolutionary Party and MEISON fought each other and the ruling Derg to control during the Ethiopian Red Terror 2 The wards were retained as administrative units by the Transitional Government of Ethiopia upon the conclusion of the Ethiopian Civil War in 1991 ever since their administrative role has expanded to include the provision of government services more broadly As Human Rights Watch noted ward officials determine eligibility for food assistance recommend referrals to secondary health care and schools and help provide access to state distributed resources such as seeds fertilizers credit and other essential agricultural inputs 3 Structure and functions EditThe lowest level of local government with limited autonomy there are the kebeles They are at the neighbourhood level and are the primary contact for most citizens living in Ethiopia Their administrative unit consists of an elected council a cabinet executive committee a social court and the development and security staff Kebeles are accountable to their woreda councils and are typically responsible for providing basic education primary health care agriculture water and rural roads The kebeles are headed by cadres loyal to the political coalition who see the people s everyday lives Therefore they are also excellent for observing movements undesirable for the central government However the influence of the bosom is not unlimited and complete The system is becoming less and less functioning at lower levels in fast growing urban communities OPDO in Oromia only introduced the sub intestinal system in 2001 but it did not fully become operational until the 2005 elections 4 See also EditSubdivisions of EthiopiaReferences Edit Population and Health in Developing Countries Population Health and Survival at INDEPTH Sites Archived 2006 02 13 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 0 88936 948 8 Edmond J Keller Revolutionary Ethiopia From Empire to People s Republic Bloomington Indiana University Press 1991 pp 234f One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure p 17 Human Rights Watch report released 10 March 2010 Vertesy Laszlo Lemango Teketel 2022 Comparison of local governments in Hungary and Ethiopia De Iurisprudentia et Iure Publico XIII 1 2 62 75 ISSN 1789 0446 via ResearchGate This Ethiopia related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wards of Ethiopia amp oldid 1124169198, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
